Unit 1 Back to school一-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲必修第一册（译林版）

高中必修第一册译林版 【核心词汇精讲】 词义辨析及综合训练 核心词汇 Unit1】Back to school 词义辨析及综合训练 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 potential /p3'ten/n.潜力：可能想法 advance/Ad'va:ns/n.进步，进展 性adj.潜在的；可能的 positive/'pDzatrv/adj..积极乐观t.&vi.发展，进步 senior/'sinia(r)/adj.(学校)高的：良好的：正面的 amazing/月'meIz/adj.令人大 中的；级别高的n.级别较高者；opportunity/,Dp3'tju:nati/n.机 为惊奇的，令人惊喜的 年长者 会，时机 confidence/'kpnfidans/n.信心， path /pa:0/n.道路：小路；成功lie in短语：存在于，在于 信任；把握 的途径 rise to短语：能够处理 nake a difference短语：起作用， challenge/tfaelmd3/n.&t.挑acquire/A'kwaror/t.获得，得到有影响 战；质疑 effort./'efat/n.努力，费力的事；make the most of短语：充分利 thinking')k四/n.思维，思想；试图 用，尽情享受 词义辨析及同义替换 1.potential /p3'tenl/n.潜力：可能性adj.潜在的；可能的 词义辨析： potential::侧重指“潜在的、尚未发挥的能力或可能性”，可作名词或形容词，强调内在的发展 空间。 possible:仅作形容词，指“可能发生或存在的”，侧重客观上有实现的可能性，语气较委婉。 同义替换： possible,latent 例句： Every student has the potential to succeed with hard work 真题链接：（译林版高中必修第一册同步练习） We should pay attention to the risks in this project before making a decision. A.potential B.certain C.obvious(答案：A) 2.senior/'si:nia()/adj.（学校)高中的；级别高的n.年长的人；高年级学生 高中必修第一册译林版 【核心词汇精讲】 词义辨析及综合训练 词义辨析： senior:指“年龄较大的”或“级别/地位较高的”，在学校语境中特指“高中阶段”或“高年级 学生”。 junior:为反义词，指“较年轻的”“低年级的”，如junior high school(初中)。 同义替换： elder,superior 例句： He is a senior student and will graduate from high school next year. 真题链接：（译林版高中必修第一册单元测试） In American schools,students in year are usually 17 or 18 years old. A.junior B.senior C.primary (答案：B) 3.challenge/'t[aelrnd3/n.&t.挑战：质疑 词义辨析： challenge:侧重“需要努力应对的困难任务”或“对某事的真实性提出质疑”，可作名词或动词。 difficulty:仅作名词，指“困难、难题”，强调做某事时遇到的阻碍，语气较中性。 同义替换： task,dispute 例句： She decided to challenge herself by learning a new language. 真题链接：（译林版高中必修第一册课时作业） The team rose to the and won the championship finally. A.difficulty B.challenge C.problem(答案：B) 4.acquire/kwarar/vt.获得，得到 词义辨析： acquire:强调“通过努力、学习或经历逐步获得”，尤指知识、技能等，如acquire ahabit(养成 习惯)。 get:最普通用词，指“得到、获得”，口语化强，可用于任何场景，如get a gift(收到礼物)。 同义替换： gain,obtain 例句： We can acquire knowledge not only from books but also from practice 真题链接：（译林版高中必修第一册同步练习） Children usually language skills quickly when they are young. A.acquire B.getC.receive(答案：A) 5.advance /ad'va:ns/n.进步：前进t.&vi.发展，进步 2 高中必修第一册译林版 【核心词汇精讲】 词义辨析及综合训练 词义辨析： advance: 作名词时指“抽象的进步或进展”，如scientific advance(科学进步)；作动词时强调 “主动推进或发展”。 progress:仅作名词或动词，指“稳定、持续的进步”，如make progress(取得进步)，语气较正 式。 同义替换： progress,development 例句： The advance of technology has changed our daily life greatly. 真题链接：（译林版高中必修第一册单元测试） With the」 of medical science,many diseases can be cured now. A.advance B.movement C.growth (答案：A) 6.confidence/'kDnfidans/n.信心，信任 词义辨析： confidence:指“对自己能力的信心”或“对他人的信任”，是不可数名词，常用搭配have confidence n(对…有信心)。 faith:指“坚定的信念或信仰”，可用于宗教或对事物的信任，如faith in God(对上帝的信仰)。 同义替换： belief,trust 例句： Practice can help you build confidence in speaking English 真题链接：（译林版高中必修第一册同步练习） She has no to sing in front of a large audience. A.confidence B.faith C.courage (答案：A) 7.make a difference起作用，有影响 词义辨析： make a difference:强调“对某事产生积极或显著的影响”，搭配to sth,如make a difference to the environment（对环境有影响)。 affect:作动词，指“对某事产生影响”，直接接宾语，如affect the result(影响结果)。 同义替换： influence,matter 例句： Your small acts of kindness can make a big difference to others. 真题链接：（译林版高中必修第一册单元测试） Do you think one person can to the world? A.make a difference B.take effect C.play a role (答案：A) 3 高中必修第一册译林版 【核心词汇精讲】 词义辨析及综合训练 8.make the most of充分利用 词义辨析： nake the most of:侧重“最大限度地利用机会或资源”，语气积极，如make the most of time(充 分利用时间)。 usep:指“用完、耗尽”，强调资源被消耗殆尽，如use up all the energy（耗尽所有精力)。 同义替换： make full use of,take advantage of 例句： We should make the most of every opportunity to learn new things. 真题链接：（译林版高中必修第一册课时作业） Students are encouraged tothe school library to improve their reading skills A.make the most of B.use up C.put away(答案：A) 9.opportunity/,Dp3'tju:nsti/n.机会，时机 词义辨析： opportunity:指“有利于实现目标的好机会”，强调“时机的恰当性”，如a good opportunity(好 机会)。 chance:指“偶然的机会或可能性”，如by chance（偶然地)，语气较随意。 同义替换： chance,occasion 例句： Don't miss the opportunity to travel abroad if you can 真题链接： (译林版高中必修第一册同步练习) He got a(n) to study in the US through his hard work. A.opportunity B.chance C.luck(答案：A) l0.positive/'pDZ3tIv/adj.积极乐观的：正面的 词义辨析： positive:指“态度积极的、乐观的”或“事物具有正面意义的”，如a positive attitude(积极态 度)。 optimistic:仅指“对未来充满希望的、乐观的”，如optimistic about the future(对未来乐观)。 同义替换： optimistic,constructive 例句： Staying positive can help you overcome difficulties more easily. 真题链接：（译林版高中必修第一册单元测试） She always has a view on life,even when facing problems. A.positive B.negative C.passive (答案：A) 高中必修第一册译林版 【核心词汇精讲】 词义辨析及综合训练 ll.effort/'efat/n.努力，费力的事 词义辨析： effort:指“为达成目标付出的努力”，常用搭配make an effort(努力)，强调过程。 attempt:指“尝试做某事”，可能成功或失败，如an attempt to solve the problem(解决问题的尝 试)。 同义替换： attempt,endeavor 例句： Without great effort,it is impossible to achieve success. 真题链接：（译林版高中必修第一册课时作业） All the team members made every. to win the game. A.effort B.attempt C.trial (答案：A) 12.path /pa:0/n.道路：成功的途径 词义辨析： path:指“具体的小路”或“抽象的发展路径、成功途径”，如path to success(成功之路)。 road:指“宽阔的马路”，侧重具体的交通道路，如a busy road(繁忙的马路)。 同义替换： way,route 例句： Hard work is the only path to success for most people 真题链接：（译林版高中必修第一册同步练习） We should choose the right in life instead of following others blindly. A.path B.road C.street (答案：A) 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.Every student has the to achieve their dreams with hard work A.potential B.possible C.latent 2.In our school, students are responsible for organizing school events. A.junior 高中必修第一册译林版 【核心词汇精讲】 词义辨析及综合训练 B.senior C.primary 3.Learning a new language is a_ but rewarding experience. A.difficulty B.challenge C.problem 4.Children can basic math skills through daily games and activities. A.acquire B.get C.receive 5.With the of technology,online learning has become more popular. A.advance B.progress C.growth 6.She has no to speak in front of a large audience. A.confidence B.faith C.courage 7.Your support can to the success of this project. A.make a difference B.take effect C.play arole 8.We should every chance to practice English. A.make the most of B.use up C.put away 二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.We need to consider the (潜在的)risks before starting the project. 2.My brother is a (高年级的)student in high school and will graduate next year.. 3.Facing difficulties with a (积极的)attitude helps us overcome them 4.She made every (努力)to pass the exam,but failed. 5.Hard work is the (途径)to success for most people. 6 高中必修第一册译林版 【核心词汇精讲】 词义辨析及综合训练 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The team showed great (confident)in the final match and won the game. 2.He has the (potential)to become a famous musician if he keeps practicing. 3.We should (acquire)knowledge not only from books but also from life. 4.The (advance)of medical science has saved millions of lives. 5.Staying (positive)helps you stay healthy both physically and mentally. 四、完成句子（每空一词） 1.充分利用你的时间，否则你会后悔的。 your time,or you will regret it. 2.她通过努力获得了在国外学习的机会。 She got an to study abroad through her 3.这条新政策将对环境产生积极影响。 This new policy will to the environment. 4.对自己有信心的人更容易实现目标。 People who have themselves can achieve goals more easily. 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 High school is a critical period for students to discover their (1) (potential/possible).As(2) (senior/junior)students,they face many (3)(challenges/difficulties),such as exams and college applications.To succeed,students need to (4) (acquire/get)effective learning skills and stay (5) (positive/optimistic).They should also (6) (make the most offuse up) opportunitiesto participate in activities,which helps build(7) (confidence/faith)and teamwork spirit. 参考答案 I.单项选择 1.A2B3B4.A5.A6.A7.A8.A 7 高中必修第一册译林版 【核心词汇精讲】 词义辨析及综合训练 Ⅱ.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.potential 2.senior 3.positive 4.effort 5.path I用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.confidence 2.potential 3.acquire 4.advance 5.positive V.完成句子 1.Make the most of 2.opportunity,effort 3.make a difference 4.confidence in V.语篇填空 1.potential 2.senior 3.challenges 4.acquire 5.positive 6.make the most of 7.confi- dence 8