Unit 3 Back to the past二-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲选择性必修第三册（译林版）

高中选择性必修第三册译林版 【Unit3】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 Unit 3 Unit3】Back to the past 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 exceptional/ik'sepfanl/adj.杰出 相互摩擦 hatch /haet/t.密谋，策划：使 的，优秀的：异常的，罕见的washroom/wpJru:m/n.洗手间，孵出；vi.孵化：孵出 phrase /frerz/n.成语，习语；短厕所 plot /plpt//n.阴谋；故事情节：vi. 语，词组 uniform/'ju:nrfo:m/n.制服，队阴谋，密谋 format/'fo:maet//n.总体安排，设服：adj.一致的，统一的 *infamy/'mnfami/n.臭名昭著， 计：版式 violently'varelantli/adv.猛烈声名狼藉；恶行，罪恶 shelf /felf/n.(pl.shelves/小elvz)地，厉害地：强烈地，激烈地：凶sink /snk/vi.&t.(sank,sunk) (书架等的)架子，搁板 狠地 下沉，沉没：坐下；降低 adopt/A'dopt/vt.采用，采取：表eagle/'i:g/n.雕 memorial /m3'mril/n.纪念碑 决采纳；领养，收养：vi.领养，dive/darv/vi.俯冲；跳水：潜水；（或像等：纪念物 收养 n.冲，扑，俯冲；潜水；跳水pray /pre/vi.&t.企盼，祈求： comparison /kam'paerisn/n.对thunder/'0nde)/vi.轰隆地祈祷，祷告 比，比较 响：打雷：n.雷，雷声 episode/'episaud/n.一段经历， pack /paek/t.&vi.塞进，挤进；freeze/fri:z/vi.&t.(froze,片段；一集 装（箱，收拾：打包，包装；n.frozen)突然停止：呆住；结冰；*textile/'tekstal/n.纺织品：(tex- 包，包裹：小盒，小包 冻僵 tiles))纺织业 contrary/'kpntrari/adj.相反的，*deck/dek/n.甲板，层面 reform /ri'fom/t.改进，改良， 相对立的：截然不同的：contrary meanwhile'mi:nwarl/adv.同改革；n.改革，改良 to与…相反 时：其间：对比之下 output/'autpot/n.产量，输出量 *hell /hel/n.地狱：苦难的经历，drag/draeg/vt.拖，拉；缓慢而cloth /klD/n.织物，布料 悲惨的境况 费力地移动 shift /ff/n.改变，转移：轮班： aboard'b:d/prep.&adv.在chaos/'keDs/n.混乱，杂乱 vi.&t.(使)移动，（使）转移：改 (车、船、飞机等)上，上（车、船、navy /'nervi/n.海军，海军部队变 飞机等 bleed /bli:d/vi.(bled,bled失血，cottage/'kDtid3yn.小屋，村舍： *rub /rab/t.&vi.擦，搓：（使）流血 cottage industry家庭手工业 词义辨析及同义替换 高中选择性必修第三册译林版 【Unit3】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 l.adopt /a'dopt/t.采用，采取；表决采纳：领养，收养；vi.领养，收养 词义辨析： adopt:主要含义为“采用（方法、政策等）”或“领养（子女）”，强调主动接受并建立关系（如 领养)或正式使用。 adapt:侧重“适应（新环境）”或“改编（作品）”，与adopt含义不同，注意区分。 同义替换： take,embrace,.foster(领养义) 例句： Our school has adopted a new teaching method this semester. 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修三同步练习） The government decided toa new policy to protect the environment. A.adapt B.adopt C.adjust(答案：B) 2.contrary/'kontrari//adj.相反的，相对立的：截然不同的：contrary to与…相反 词义辨析： contrary:强调“完全对立的、互相矛盾的”，常用搭配contrary to(介词短语，后接名词/代词/从 句)。 opposite:可作形容词、名词或介词，指“位置、方向或观点上的对面”，作形容词时直接修饰名 词，如opposite views。 同义替换： opposite,conflicting 例句： Contrary to popular belief,not all sharks are dangerous. 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修三单元检测） what we expected,the experiment turned out to be a success. A.Opposite B.Contrary to C.Against(答案：B) 3.compare/kam'pea(r)/V.比较，对比（注：单元单词中为comparison,此处补充动词形式便于辨 析) 词义辨析： compare.with:侧重“将两者进行对比，找出异同”，如compare this book with that one。 compare.to.:侧重“将一物比作另一物”，如Shakespeare compared the world to a stage. comparison(n.):comparison between A and B(A与B的对比)：in comparison with(与…相比)。 同义替换： contrast(对比差异)，liken(比作) 例句： The teacher asked us to make a comparison between the two poems. 高中选择性必修第三册译林版 【Unit3】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修三阅读填空） In (compare)with traditional methods,the new technology is more efficient. (答案：com parison) 4.sink/sk/vi.&t.(sank,unk)下沉，沉没：坐下：降低 词义辨析： sink:强调“因重力或失去浮力而下沉”，主语多为船只、物体或太阳等，如The ship sank slowly. drown:指“（人/动物）溺水身亡”，或“淹没、浸泡”，如He drowned in the river 同义替换： submerge,go down 例句： After the collision,the damaged ship began to sink. 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修三完形填空） The little boat in the storm,but all passengers were rescued. A.sank B.drowned C.fell(答案：A) 5.bleed /bli::d/vi.bled,ble失血，流血 词义辨析： bleed:指“（血管破裂）流血”，或“取钱财”，如He bled heavily from the wound. blood(n.):血液，如lose blood(失血)：bloody(adj.):流血的，血腥的。 同义替换： lose blood,hemorrhage(医学术语) 例句： If you cut your finger,it will bleed for a few minutes. 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修三语法填空） The soldier (bleed)to death before the ambulance arrived. (答案：bled) 6.shift/小f/n.改变，转移：轮班：vi.&t.(使)移动，（使）转移：改变 词义辨析： shift:侧重“位置、方向或观点的轻微移动或改变”，如shift the focus(转移焦点)：也指“轮 班”，如night shift。. change:含义更广，泛指“任何变化”，如change one's mind(改变主意)。 同义替换： move,alter,switch 例句： The company decided to shift its production base to the south. 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修三七选五） With the development of technology,our daily lives have a lot over the past decade A.shifted B.changed C.transformed (答案：B) 高中选择性必修第三册译林版 【Unit3】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 7.chaos/kens/n.混乱，杂乱 词义辨析： chaos::指“完全无秩序的混乱状态”，不可数名词，如The room was in chaos. mess:指“不整洁的一团糟”，可与不定冠词连用，如a mess,强调具体的杂乱场景。 同义替换： disorder,confusion 例句： After the earthquake,the city was plunged into chaos. 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修三阅读理解） What caused the in the supermarket after the power cut? A.mess B.chaos C.trouble(答案：B) 8.meanwhile/mi:nwarl/adv.同时：其间：对比之下 词义辨析： meanwhile:强调“在同一时间段内发生另一件事”，可放句首或句中，如I was doing homework; meanwhile,my brother was watching TV. at the same time:含义与meanwhile接近，但更口语化，可表示“同时”或“然而（转折）”。 同义替换： in the meantime,simultaneously 例句： The doctor was operating on the patient;meanwhile,the nurses were preparing the next treatment. 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修三语法填空） She was busy cooking; (meanwhile),her husband was setting the table. (答案：meanwhile) 9.freeze/friz/vi.&t.(froze,frozen)突然停止：呆住；结冰；冻僵 词义辨析： freeze:指“（液体）结冰”“（天气）寒冷结冰”，或“人因恐惧等呆住”，如Water freezes at0C: He froze when he saw the ghost. frozen(过去分词作ad.):冷冻的，如frozen food(冷冻食品)。 同义替换： stop suddenly,ice over 例句： The lake freezes every winter,so people can skate on it. 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修三听力理解） Why did the girl freeze in front of the classroom? A.She was too cold.B.She was afraid to speak.C.The door was frozen. (答案：B) 4 高中选择性必修第三册译林版 【Unit3】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 l0.plot /plt/n.阴谋；故事情节；vi.阴谋，密谋 词义辨析： plot(n.):作“阴谋”时，指“秘密策划的坏事”，如a plot to overthrow the government;作“故 事情节”时，指小说、电影的情节安排。 plan(n.):中性词，指“计划、方案”，如a study plan。 同义替换： conspiracy(阴谋)，storyline(情节) 例句： The novel has a complicated plot with many twists. 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修三文学阅读） The detective soon discovered the behind the robbery. A.plot B.plan C.design(答案：A) l1.violent/varelent/adj.猛烈的，暴力的（注：单元单词中为violently,此处补充形容词形式便于 辨析) 词义辨析： violent(adj.):指“暴力的、猛烈的”，如violent storms(猛烈的风暴)：violent crime(暴力犯 罪)。 violently(adv.):猛烈地，如shake violently(猛烈摇晃)。 fierce:侧重“凶猛的、激烈的”，如fierce competition(激烈竞争)。 同义替换： fierce,intense 例句： The violent wind blew down several trees in the park. 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修三词汇运用） The earthquake shook the building (violent),causing many windows to break (答案：io lently) 12.memorial/m3'm:riel/n.纪念碑（或像等：纪念物 词义辨析： memorial:指“纪念建筑、纪念碑或纪念活动”，如the Lincoln Memorial(林肯纪念堂)：in memory of(为了纪念，介词短语)。 memory(n.):记忆，回忆，如have a good memory(记忆力好)。 同义替换： monument（纪念碑)，tribute 例句： They built a memorial to honor the soldiers who died in the war. 5 高中选择性必修第三册译林版 【Unit3】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修三书面表达） Anew will be set up in the city center 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.The local government has decided to_a new policy to improve public transportation. A.adapt B.adopt C.adjust 2.what we had heard before,the movie tumed out to be very interesting A.Opposite B.Contrary to C.Against 3.Shakespearethe world_a stage in his famous play. A.compared;with B.compared;to C.contrasted;with 4.The shipslowly after hitting an iceberg,but all passengers were saved. A.sank B.drowned C.fell 5.The detective soon uncovered thebehind the bank robbery. A.plot B.plan C.design 二、根据句意及首字母提示完成单词 1.The old town fell into c_after the sudden flood destroyed the main roads. 2.My grandmother's health began to dafter she fell down the stairs last month 3.The sun sbelow the horizon,painting the sky in beautiful orange and pink colors 6 高中选择性必修第三册译林版 【Unit3】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 4.The soldiers b heavily from their wounds during the battle. 5.We need to make a careful cbetween the two products before making a decision. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.In(compare)with last year's sales,this year's performance is much better. 2.The patient(bleed)for nearly an hour before the doctor arrived. 3.The company announced a major_(shift)in its marketing strategy to target young customers. 4.Water_(freeze)at 0C,but adding salt can lower this temperature. 5.The storm shook the house(violent),causing some windows to crack. 四、完成句子 1.The museum was built _(为了纪念)the scientists who contributed to space exploration. 2.You should_this new method._(与…对比)the traditional one to see which is more efficient.. 3.The team is working on the project;(),their manager is preparing the presentation for the client. 4.The little girl (呆住)when she saw a snake in the garden. 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 A terrible storm hit the coastal city last night.Strong winds and rain caused chaos everywhere.A small fishing boat (1)(sink)in the rough sea,but the fishermen were rescued by a nearby ship. Meanwhile,some houses lost power,and people had to use candles.In one neighborhood,an old man (2)(bleed)from a head injury after a tree fell on his roof.The ambulance arrived quickly,and doctors said he was lucky to survive. Local officials held an emergency meeting this morning.They decided to (3)-(adopt/adapt) new measures to improve disaster prevention."(4)(Contrary/Opposite)to previous years,we need to prepare better for extreme weather,"said the mayor.He also mentioned that a new (5) -(memorial/memory)would be built to honor those who lost their lives in natural disasters. In schools,teachers asked students to write about their experiences.One student wrote,"The storm was scary,but seeing everyone help each other made me feel hopeful.I hope we can learn from this and (6)(shift/change)our habits to protect the environment." 7 高中选择性必修第三册译林版 【Unit3】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 参考答案 I单项选择 1.B 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.A Ⅱ.根据句意及首字母提示完成单词 1.chaos 2.decline 3.sank 4.bled 5.comparison ⅡI.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.comparison 2.bled 3.shift 4.freezes 5.violently V.完成句子 1.in memory of 2.compare;with 3.meanwhile 4.froze/stood frozen V.语篇填空 1.sank 2.bled 3.adopt 4.Contrary 5.memorial 6.change P