Unit 4 Period 1 Welcome to the unit & Reading—Reading comprehension-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选择性必修第三册（译林版2020）

WELCOME TO DUNHUANG! Welcome to Dunhuang! On the old Silk Road, this city was the gateway to and from Ancient China, a place where East met West, and a green island in the middle of the desert. You can only imagine how travellers felt when they saw the oasis1 of Dunhuang ahead of them. Dunhuang’s long and glorious2 history represents its significance as a centre of cultural and commercial exchange. Today, Dunhuang is a world-class tourist destination boasting sites with UNESCO-protected heritage status. Now, we are going to enter some of the city’s famous caves, of which there are more than 700. Known as the Mogao Grottoes, these ancient caves were carved out of the rock over a period of 1, 000 years. If you look up, you can see the paintings and other artworks that are testimony3 to how the Silk Road brought East and West together. Look at these statues! You can see elements from Ancient Greece, India and Iran. Now look around the walls of the cave. Come a little bit closer so that you can get a better view. Look at them! The murals4 cover an astonishing area of 45, 000 square metres. The subjects of the Dunhuang murals vary from religious stories to scenes of everyday life. But one type of mural that is unique to Dunhuang shows the Apsaras5, or “Flying Immortals”. Representations of these heavenly musicians, singers and dancers decorate the walls of many caves. Take a look at this mural. The Apsaras are depicted6 sailing in the bright blue sky, with their scarves flying, as if they are about to fly down to meet us. And here is another one. Move over here where you can see it in more detail. The Apsaras are holding lotuses7, playing musical instruments, dancing and throwing flowers. The painting of Apsaras reached a peak during the Tang Dynasty; these images are full of life, reflecting the confidence and optimism of people from that time. (节选自外研版新教材选择性必修第四册 Unit 3) 词汇积累 1．oasis /əʊ'eɪsɪs/ n．(沙漠中的)绿洲 2．glorious /'ɡlɔːriəs/ adj.辉煌的 3．testimony /'testɪməni/ n．证据；证明 4．mural /'mjʊərəl/ n．壁画 5．Apsaras /'ʌpsərəs/ n．飞天 6．depict /dɪ'pɪkt/ vt.描述，描画 7．lotus /'ləʊtəs/ n．莲花，荷花 Period 1　Welcome to the unit & Reading—Reading comprehension Ⅰ.匹配单词 1．awe　　 A．to damage sth so badly that it loses all its value，etc.；to spoil sth 2．preserve B．a situation in which people，groups or countries are involved in a serious disagreement or argument 3．ruin C．feelings of respect and slight fear；feelings of being very impressed by sth/sb 4．conflict D．to keep a particular quality，feature to make sure that sth is kept 5．internal E．a list of items to be discussed at a meeting 6．agenda F．connected with the inside of sth 答案　1.C　2.D　3.A　4.B　5.F　6.E Ⅱ.选词填空 wear down，at risk，break out，on purpose，for the benefit of 1．It is said that two hundred houses were burned down in the fire which broke out a few days ago. 2．I thought he had made this mistake on purpose in his job because he was so careful. 3．We must make efforts to take exercise for the benefit of our health. 4．The machine starts to wear down，which makes it difficult to produce as many products as it used to. 5．We have to find a way to qualify more people and not put ourselves at risk. Step 1　速读——整体理解文章 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What’s the main idea of the text? A．The variety of heritage sites in the world. B．The dangers that heritage sites face. C．The development of heritage sites. D．The history of heritage sites. 答案　B Ⅱ.悉层次结构 Read the text quickly to match the main idea with each part. 1．Part 1 (Para.1)　　 A．Heritage protection must be a joint responsibility. 2．Part 2 (Paras.2—5)　　 B．Heritage sites need protection. 3．Part 3(Para.6)　　 C．Heritage sites face various dangers. 4．Part 4(Para.7)　　 D．Such dangers can have disastrous outcomes. 答案　1.B　2.C　3.D　4.A Step 2　细读——逐段获取细节 Ⅰ.Read Para.1 and do the following exercises. 1．Why does the speaker ask two questions at the beginning of his speech? A．To get the answers of the questions. B．To attract the attention of the audience. C．To lead to the topic of the speech. D．To ask the audience to think of them carefully. 答案　C 2．What does “so” refer to in the line 3 in Para.1? A．Natural wonders. B．Human civilization. C．Feeling amazed by human and natural power. D．Asking some questions about natural and human wonders. 答案　C Ⅱ.Read Paras.2—5 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．Which of the following is NOT the danger heritage sites face? A．Natural forces. B．Human activities. C．Widespread development. D．Specialists’ exploration. 答案　D 2．Why is the Great Pyramid of Giza mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To show its popularity. B．To express the need to protect it. C．To help people recognize its height. D．To prove natural forces’ damage to heritage sites. 答案　D 3．Which of the following heritage sites were destroyed by human activities? A．The Great Pyramid of Giza and the city of Bam. B．The temples of Angkor in Cambodia and the city of Bam. C．The Great Pyramid of Giza and the temples of Angkor in Cambodia. D．The temples of Angkor in Cambodia and the Historic Centre of Vienna in Austria. 答案　D 4．What’s the meaning of the phrase “give rise to” in paragraph 4? A．Lead to. B．Add to. C．Account for. D．Prefer to. 答案　A 5．How does the lecturer develop the four paragraphs? A．By listing numbers. B．By giving examples. C．By making comparisons. D．By giving causes and effects. 答案　B Ⅲ.Read Para.6 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．What causes the loss of the coral on the Great Barrier Reef? A．Its fragile natural ecology. B．Being home to a wide diversity of ocean species. C．Fishing in the local area. D．High seawater temperatures caused by global warming. 答案　D 2．Which is one of the benefits of the reef? A．Decreasing people’s job opportunities. B．Providing home to people. C．Improving the development of tourism. D．Extending the coastline. 答案　C 3．What can we learn from paragraph 6? A．It is dangerous to visit the Great Barrier Reef. B．A large amount of coral is killed by the polluted seawater. C．The tourists can protect the coastline against waves and floods. D．The reef’s disappearance may lead to many people’s unemployment. 答案　D Ⅳ.Read Para.7 carefully and do the following exercise. What should we do to protect heritage sites according to the lecturer? 答案　Put it at the top of the agenda for the benefit of all mankind. Acknowledge the outstanding universal value of our heritage sites. Treat them with respect. Share a joint responsibility to protect and preserve them. Ⅴ.Read the whole passage and do the following exercises. 1．What is the purpose of the text? A．To analyze some specific issues at present. B．To emphasize the importance of heritage sites. C．To call on people to pay a visit to heritage sites. D．To call on people to take action to protect the heritage sites. 答案　D 2．What is the speaker’s attitude to heritage sites remained? A．Positive. B．Worried. C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful. 答案　B Step 3　读后——讨论深度理解 1．Is it a good idea to restore historic sites？Why？(Critical thinking) 2．As a senior student，what can you do in terms of protecting the heritage sites？(Creative thinking) Step 4　总结——课文语法填空 I believe that heritage sites face 1.a variety of dangers，many of which urgently need to be protected.This is 2.why UNESCO is fighting to preserve sites important to mankind. First，a big danger to heritage sites is natural forces.Both the long-term natural forces and sudden natural disasters can result in the 3.destruction(destroy) of heritage sites.Besides，heritage sites are being destroyed by human activities，4.especially(especial) wars and conflicts.Beyond that，the flood of tourists 5.causes(cause) a great deal of damage to heritage sites，and some are even 6.at risk of being lost forever. Not only can all the dangers lead to disastrous outcomes for the sites 7.themselves(they)，but also they have a serious impact on human life.So heritage protection 8.has been put(put) on the agenda for the benefit of all mankind.We need to acknowledge the outstanding universal value of our heritage sites，in 9.which case we are more likely to treat them with respect.At the thought of our irreplaceable heritage being lost forever，we should share a joint responsibility 10.to protect(protect) and preserve them，not just for ourselves，but for future generations. Step 5　解读——长句难句分析 1．If so，you might already understand why UNESCO is fighting to preserve sites of cultural and natural importance to mankind. [句式分析]　此句是复合句。if引导条件状语从句，省略了it is；why引导宾语从句，作动词understand的宾语。 [自主翻译]　如果是这样，你们也许已经明白为什么联合国教科文组织正在奋力保护对人类具有文化和自然重要性的遗址。 2．I have the belief that some of you have heard about UNESCO heritage sites or maybe even visited one! [句式分析]　此句是复合句。that引导同位语从句，解释说明belief的内容。 [自主翻译]　我相信你们当中有些人听说过联合国教科文组织遗产地，甚至可能已经去过一处了！ 3．Every day，thousands of tourists climbing up the narrow stone steps are wearing down these ancient buildings and the long-term consequences could lead to irreparable destruction of the internal structure. [句式分析]　此句是并列句。wear down意为“磨损”；climbing up the narrow stone steps为现在分词短语作定语，修饰tourists，表主动。 [自主翻译]　每天，数千名游客攀爬狭窄的石阶，磨损着这些古建筑，长期的影响对内部结构可能造成不可修复的破坏。 4．Due to high seawater temperatures caused by global warming，a large amount of coral is killed and parts of the reef are seriously affected，which harms its fragile natural ecology. [句式分析]　此句是复合句。caused by global warming为过去分词短语作定语，修饰名词短语high seawater temperatures；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句。 [自主翻译]　由于全球变暖引起海水温度升高，大量珊瑚死亡，部分珊瑚礁受到严重影响，这危害了其脆弱的自然生态。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·北京高二期末) The United Nations Educational，Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is responsible for evaluating and judging whether a place could be titled The World Heritage Site.The group chooses sites based on historical and cultural importance，as well as their beauty. The World Heritage in Beijing Constructed from 1406 to 1420，The Temple of Heaven is an imperial complex(建筑群) situated in the central area of Beijing.The Temple of Heaven was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998 and was described as a masterpiece of architecture and landscape design. The Temple comprises three main groups of constructions: The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests，The Imperial Vault of Heaven and The Circular Mound Altar. The World Heritage in Luoyang Situated on the central plain of China，Luoyang is one of the cradles of Chinese civilization. The Longmen Grottoes，south of the city，were excavated and carved from 493 CE to 1127 CE.It was listed on the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites in 2000.The images were carved as outside rock reliefs and inside artificial caves.There are as many as 110,000 statues within the 2,345 caves. The World Heritage in Wiltshire Stonehenge is a prehistoric monument in England.It consists of a ring of standing stones，topped by connecting stones.The whole monument，now ruinous，is oriented towards the sunrise on the Summer Solstice. Stonehenge is regarded as a British cultural icon.The site and its surroundings were added to UNESCO’s list of World Heritage Sites in 1986. Archaeologists believe Stonehenge was constructed from 3000 BCE to 2000 BCE.It could have been a burial ground from its earliest beginnings. 语篇解读　这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了三处具有历史和文化价值的联合国教科文组织世界遗产。 1．What can we learn about Stonehenge? A．Stonehenge is a symbol of British culture. B．Stonehenge has a history of 3,000 years. C．Stonehenge consists of stones and wood. D．Stonehenge is not oriented towards the sunrise. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据The World Heritage in Wiltshire部分中“Stonehenge is regarded as a British cultural icon.”可知，巨石阵是英国文化的象征。故选A。 2．What can we can learn from the passage? A．There are 110,000 caves in The Longmen Grottoes. B．The Temple of Heaven has three main groups of buildings. C．Only one site in Luoyang is listed in The World Heritage Sites. D．The Temple of Heaven has been titled the World Heritage Site for 30 years. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据The World Heritage in Beijing部分中“The Temple comprises three main groups of constructions”可知，天坛包括三组主要的建筑。故选B。 3．What do the three sites in the text have in common? A．They have caves，halls and statues. B．They are ancient imperial buildings. C．They all have historical and cultural value. D．They are connected with Asian culture. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“The group chooses sites based on historical and cultural importance，as well as their beauty.”和后文的介绍可知，这三处文化遗产的共同之处在于它们都具有历史和文化价值。故选C。 B Have you heard of Yangshi Lei？For some 200 years，the Lei family provided their design and architectural talent to the Qing Dynasty as imperial builders.Spanning seven generations，their skills along with excellent craftsmanship ensured that they rose to great fame and influence in China.In their later work，they incorporated details of the southern architectural style and garden design ideas in their designs. One of the places showing this is the Summer Palace.Situated in Haidian District，northwest of Beijing，it shows the beauty and the grandeur of royal gardens.In December 1998，UNESCO included the Summer Palace on its World Heritage List and described it as “a masterpiece of Chinese landscape garden design”．With over 3,000 man-made structures，which include bridges，pavilions，and corridors，even the lake area alone is a showcase of many of the Lei family’s excellent designs. Kunming Lake is designed to represent the traditional Chinese gardening practice of “one pond，three hills”．There are three small islands within Kunming Lake：Nanhu Island，Zaojiantang Island，and Zhijingge Island. Many features of Kunming Lake are inspired by the scenery from the region south of the Yangtze River.In particular，the West Dike is a recreation of the famous Sudi Dike on West Lake in Hangzhou.The causeway，which can be walked across，cuts diagonally through the southern part of the lake.Like the Sudi Dike，the West Dike is connected by six bridges，each with its own distinctive style.The largest bridge on Kunming Lake，however，is the 17-Arch Bridge.It combines features of the Precious Belt Bridge in Suzhou and the Lugou Bridge in Beijing.The entire bridge is 150 meters long and eight meters wide. If you can’t go further than Beijing，then don’t miss the National Library of China.This is where most of the Lei family’s architectural design drafts are kept.These include projective drawings，front and side elevations，revolving drawings，and even some architectural models which look remarkably like digital models made today.This shows the advanced drawing technology and skill of the Lei architects.Their architectural ability was way ahead of their time. Like the Summer Palace，many others of the Lei family’s structures have been declared UNESCO World Heritage Sites.Also，in 2007，their architectural drawings and models were included in UNESCO’s Memory of the World Register.The Lei family’s significant influence on Chinese imperial architecture ensures that their work is still remembered and appreciated. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了雷氏家族对中国皇家建筑的贡献和影响。 4．What can we learn from this passage? A．There are three small ponds within Kunming Lake. B．The Summer Palace was put on the World Heritage List in 1998. C．West Lake is described as a masterpiece of Chinese landscape garden design. D．The 17-Arch Bridge on Kunming Lake is a copy of the Precious Belt Bridge in Suzhou. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知，1998年，联合国教科文组织将颐和园列入《世界遗产名录》。故选B。 5．What does the underlined word “incorporated” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Contained. B．Ignored. C．Compared. D．Described. 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句以及后文以颐和园为例的描述可知，雷氏家族后期的作品中，既有南方建筑风格，也有园林设计的理念，由此可推测出，是把二者融入了他们的设计中，故画线词应表示“包含、融入”的意思。故选A。 6．Why does the author suggest visiting the National Library of China? A．To see the drawings of famous painters. B．To know about the new digital products. C．To learn the history of the Qing Dynasty. D．To see the design drafts of the Lei family. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一、二句可知，作者之所以建议去国家图书馆，是因为雷氏家族的大部分建筑设计草图都保存在这里，去国家图书馆是为了看雷氏家族的设计草图。故选D。 7．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To compare the architectural style between the north and the south. B．To present the wonderful design and beautiful scenery of Kunming Lake. C．To stress the Lei family’s great influence on Chinese imperial architecture. D．To call on people to protect the scenery and architecture of the Summer Palace. 答案　C 解析　写作意图题。通读全文尤其是最后一段内容可知，文章以颐和园的经典设计为例，强调了雷氏家族对中国皇家建筑的贡献和影响。故选C。 C (2023·山西太原高二联考) In valleys with thick plants，different-sized round and square buildings with faded yellow clay walls and wooden roofs，tulou lie in mountainous villages in Longyan，Fujian Province.There are more than 23,000 tulou in Yongding，which became well-known after 46 were given World Heritage status by UNESCO in 2008.“The structures were awarded because they are exceptional examples of a building of tradition and function demonstrating a particular type of communal living and defensive organization，and，in terms of their harmonious relationship with their environment，an outstanding example of human settlement，” UNESCO said. The giant multi-storied tulou were built with wood and mud walls.Constructed from the 15th to 20th centuries，these massive communal homes were sited based on feng shui principles，which claim to use energy forces to harmonize individuals with their environment.Tulou are also purposefully resting amid tea，tobacco，rice plantations and abundant forests of pine and bamboo. Throughout history，tulou residents have mostly been Hakka—migrants in southern China.Population pressures created conflict between the Hakka and their neighbors，so they built their homes to double as defending.The buildings are mainly four or five stories high.The first floor serves as the kitchen，the second is used for grain storage and the upper floors act as living areas.The structures are mainly symmetrical，and their defensive features include ironclad gates，escape tunnels，narrow openings for weapons under the dark-tiled roofs，and a water well.For their defensive function，only rooms on the third floor and higher have windows，which are very small.With sufficient food，the residents could survive in the event of a lengthy conflict. Communal living is integrity to these villages，where the closed wall design boosts social interaction.Residents gather in the courtyard for ceremonies such as ancestor worship and weddings.Tulou is such an extraordinary piece of architecture，living up to the title given by UNESCO. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的土楼建筑，包括其历史、特点、功能等。 8．What do we know about tulou? A．Over 23,000 tulou were given World Heritage status. B．Among 23,000 tulou，only 46 became famous globally. C．They’re exceptional buildings of tradition and function. D．Tulou is the most outstanding Chinese human settlement. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The structures were awarded because they are exceptional examples of a building of tradition and function”可知，土楼是有传统和功能的杰出建筑。故选C。 9．What is most important for residents during a long period of conflict? A．Escape tunnels. B．Enough food. C．Small windows. D．Defensive weapons. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“With sufficient food，the residents could survive in the event of a lengthy conflict.”可知，在长期的冲突中，对居民来说最重要的是足够的食物。故选B。 10．What is probably the author’s attitude to the protection of tulou? A．Favorable. B．Unclear. C．Negative. D．Unconcerned. 答案　A 解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“Tulou is such an extraordinary piece of architecture，4 11．Which of the following could be the best title for the text? A．Tulou: in Harmony with Their Environments B．Tulou: Different-Sized Round and Square Buildings C．Tulou: Given the World Heritage Status by UNESCO in 2008 D．Tulou: a Special Chinese Structure Combining Living and Defending 答案　D 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第三段内容可知，文章主要介绍了中国的土楼建筑，包括其历史、特点、功能等。所以D选项“土楼：中国特色的居住与防御相结合的建筑”最适合作文章标题。故选D。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2023·河南许昌高二期末) One of the reasons why we preserve historic places is that they can continue to tell the stories of our history to the next generation.But what if the next generation doesn’t understand the value and significance of these places？ 1 Here are four things to do with kids in the classroom or at home to get them involved in and excited about historic preservation. Talk to the neighbors.Encourage kids to talk to the neighbors who have lived on their street for a long time.Find out what they remember about living there and about the people who have moved on.Maybe they have old photographs of how the street and houses used to look. 2 Oral histories are an invaluable resource and provide a link to the places of our past. Visit a historic site.Take kids to visit a historic site in your area，or stop by the local historical society or museum.You can often find an original map of the surrounding area at the historical society or museum.Make a project out of comparing old maps to today’s roads and neighborhoods. 3 What has stayed the same? 　4　 Ask your historical society or local preservation organization if there are any projects that your kids can get involved in.Help clean up and repair buildings or plant trees in or around historic areas. Create a historical record for a landmark.Brainstorm the items that should be included in a historical record，like photographs，construction dates，architectural styles and features，and stories of who lived there or used the building and for what.What kinds of things would someone want to know about this place in 50 or 100 years？ 5 A．What has changed? B．Take part in a community project. C．Create a historic walking tour of your city. D．Then，put together your own historical record. E．Do they tell different stories from different ages? F．You can also consider recording the conversation. G．That’s why it’s important to get kids involved in historic preservation. 语篇解读　本文是说明文。文章介绍了几种引导孩子们参与历史古迹保护的方法。 1．答案　G 解析　前文提出对下一代不理解历史古迹的价值的担忧，下文则提到有四件事可以让孩子们参与历史保护，可知设空处应说明让孩子们参与历史古迹保护很重要。选项G符合语境，且其中的“get kids involved in”和“historic preservation”在下一句中有复现。故选G。 2．答案　F 解析　前文建议鼓励孩子和久居此地的邻居交谈。下文说明了口述的历史的意义，可知选项F“你也可以考虑记录这些对话”与上文构成递进关系，且与后面的“Oral histories”相呼应。故选F。 3．答案　A 解析　根据前文“comparing old maps to today’s roads and neighborhoods”和下文“What has stayed the same？”可知，设空处应当陈述比较的内容。选项A“什么改变了”符合题意，故选A。 4．答案　B 解析　空处位于段首，是对该段内容的概括总结。根据下文可知，本段是建议让孩子参与各种项目。B项符合语境，且其中的“Take part in”与下文中的“get involved in”相呼应。故选B。 5．答案　D 解析　前文建议思考记录所要包含的内容，所以设空处承接前文，说明之后的步骤。选项D符合语境，其中的“historical record”在本段首句中有复现且“Then”表明了先后逻辑顺序。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$