Unit 1 Looking forwards二-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲选择性必修第四册（外研版）

高中外研版 【精讲专版】 选择性必修第四册词义辨析及同义替换 精讲专版 【Unit 1】Looking forwards三 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 diverge/dar'v3:d3v.(两条路)代表 的，胜任的 岔开，分开 alternative:l't3 natrv//n.可供fluency/'flu:ansi/n.熟练，流利 undergrowth /ndagr3U0/n.选择的事物 sincerely/sn'sIali//adv.由衷地， (长在大树下或周边的)下层dilemma/d'lema/n.进退两难真诚地，真心实意地 木，下层灌丛 的境地，困境 yours sincerely谨上，敬上，谨 numerous/'nju:mar3s/adj.许多arise/'raIz/v.(由…)叼引起启（正式信件末尾的常用结束 的，很多的 circumstance/'s3 kamstans/n.语，用于以个人名义落款的信 commercial/ka'm3/n.(电视情况，情形 件) 或电台的)商业广告 mixture/'mkst(r)/n.混合；混refreshments/rI'frefmants/n.茶 thoughtful/'θo:tfl/adj.认真思合体 点，点心和饮料 考的，深思的 affection/A'fekn/n.喜爱，钟爱shift/小ft/n.(工厂、医院等轮 symbolize/'simbalaiz/v.象征，qualified/'kwDlrfaid/adj.合格班制中的)当班时间 词义辨析及同义替换 1.numerous/nju:mar3sadj.许多的，很多的 词义辨析： numerous:强调数量“多”，正式用语，通常修饰可数名词复数，搭配be numerous in(在…中 数量多)。 my:普通用词，可修饰可数名词复数，口语和书面语均常用，直接接名词。 同义替换： many,a great many,a large number of 例句： There are numerous books in the school library,so students can choose freely. 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修四同步练习） The museum has exhibits from ancient China,attracting visitors from all over the world. A.fewB.numerous C.single(答案：B) 高中外研版 【精讲专版】 选择性必修第四册词义辨析及同义替换 2.houghtful/'o:tfl/adj.认真思考的，深思的 词义辨析： thoughtful:侧重“深思熟虑的”，形容人思考深入或体贴他人，如thoughtful advice(深思熟虑 的建议)。 considerate:强调“体贴的、为他人着想的”，如considerate of others(体谅他人)。 同义替换： considerate,reflective 例句： After a thoughtful discussion,the team finally made a decision 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修四单元测试） It was of you to bring an umbrella for me on such a rainy day. A.thoughtless B.thoughtful C.careless(答案：B) 3.alternative/:l't3 natrv/n.可供选择的事物 词义辨析： alternative:指“两者或多者中择一的选项”，侧重于“替代方案”，后常接to sth.。 choice:泛指“选择的机会或权利”，也可指“被选中的事物”，使用范围更广。 同义替换： choice,option 例句： If you don't like coffee,we have the alternative of tea or juice. 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修四同步练习） There are several to solve this problem,and we need to pick the best one. A.alternatives B.difficulties C.mistakes (答案：A) 4.dilemma/dr'lema/n.进退两难的境地，困境 词义辨析： dilemma:特指“进退两难的困境”，强调两个选项都不理想，如face a dilemma(面临困境)。 predicament:语气更强，指“难以摆脱的严重困境”，如economic predicament(经济困境)。 同义替换： predicament,difficulty 例句： She was in a dilemma whether to study abroad or find a job after graduation. 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修四单元测试） The company is now in a-if it raises prices,customers may leave;if it doesn't,it will lose money. A.dilemma B.success C.agreement (答案：A) 2 高中外研版 【精讲专版】 选择性必修第四册词义辨析及同义替换 5.arise/'raiz/v.（由…)引起 词义辨析： rise:不及物动词，侧重“问题、困难等自然产生或出现”，常用搭配arise from/out of(由， 引起)。 rise:不及物动词，指“上升、升起”，或“（数量、地位）提高”，如prices rise(物价上涨)。 同义替换： emerge,result 例句： Many conflicts arise from misunderstanding between people. 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修四同步练习） Some health problems may from lack of exercise and poor diet A.arise B.raise C.rise (答案：A) 6.circumstance/s3:kemstans/n.情况，情形 词义辨析： circumstance: 常用复数形式，指“特定的情况、环境”，强调与某事件相关的背景，如under the circumstances(在这种情况下)。 situation:指“某时某地的整体情况或形势”，如social situation(社会形势)。 同义替换： situation,condition 例句： Under no circumstances should we give up our dreams. 真题链接： (外研版高中选择性必修四单元测试) In normal the train should arrive at 8:00,but today it's delayed. A.circumstances B.reasons C.methods (答案：A) 7.mixture/'mikst fa(r)/n.混合：混合体 词义辨析： mixture:指“不同物质或元素的混合”，也可指“混合的人或事物”，如a mixture of joy and sadness (悲喜交加)。 blend:强调“混合后形成和谐的整体”，如a blend of coffee and milk(咖啡与牛奶的混合饮品)。 同义替换： blend,combination 例句： The city is a mixture of traditional culture and modern technology. 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修四同步练习） This drink is a of fruit juice and honey,and it tastes very good. A.mixture B.separation C.pollution(答案：A) 3 高中外研版 【精讲专版】 选择性必修第四册词义辨析及同义替换 8.qualified/'kwplrfaid/adj.合格的，胜任的 词义辨析： qualified:指“具备所需技能或资格的”，后常接for sth.或to do sth.,如qualified for the job(胜 任这份工作)。 competent:侧重“有能力的、能胜任的”，强调实际能力，如a competent teacher(称职的老师)。 同义替换： competent,capable 例句： Only qualified doctors can perform this operation. 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修四单元测试） She is well for the position because she has five years of related experience A.qualified B.lazy C.careless(答案：A) 9.fluency/'flu:ansi/n.熟练，流利 词义辨析： fluency:指“语言、动作等的流利程度”，名词，如fluency in English(英语流利度)。 proficiency:强调“熟练掌握的程度”，尤指专业技能，如proficiency in computer skills(计算机 技能熟练)。 同义替换： proficiency,smoothness 例句： Regular practice is the key to improving fluency in a foreign language 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修四同步练习） His in spoken English helped him get the job as a tour guide A.fluency B.difficulty C.weakness (答案：A) 10.shift小f/n.(工厂、医院等轮班制中的)当班时间 词义辨析： hift:指“轮班中的一班”，如work in shifts(轮班工作)，也可指“改变、转换”。 um:泛指“轮流的机会”，如take turns(轮流)，或“（工作等的）一段时间”。 同义替换： turn,rotation 例句： She works the night shift at the hospital from 10 p.m.to 6 a.m. 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修四单元测试） The factory operates 24 hours a day,with three of workers. A.shifts B.exams C.meetings (答案：A) 4 高中外研版 【精讲专版】 选择性必修第四册词义辨析及同义替换 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.The school library has books on science,so students can easily find materials for their projects A.few B.numerous C.single 2.It was of Mary to prepare a birthday cake for her best friend without being asked. A.thoughtless B.thoughtful C.careless 3.If you don't want to walk,the of taking a bus or riding a bike is also available. A.alternative B.choice C.option 4.The team faced a either work overtime to finish the task or risk missing the deadline. A.dilemma B.success C.agreement 5.Health problems such as obesity often from poor eating habits and lack of exercise. A.arise B.raise C.rise 二、根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.The company offers several a to solve the environmental problem,including recycling and reducing waste. 2.She was in a d whether to accept the job offer in another city or stay with her family. 3.Under normal c,the train arrives at 7:30 a.m.,but today it's delayed due to bad weather. 4.Regular practice is important for improving f in a foreign language. 5.Nurses in the hospital work in three s morning,afternoon,and night. 5 高中外研版 【精讲专版】 选择性必修第四册词义辨析及同义替换 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.Only (qualify)teachers are allowed to teach advanced courses in this school. 2.The (fluent)of his English speaking impressed the interviewers deeply. 3.Many conflicts (arise)from misunderstandings between different cultural groups. 4.We need to consider all possible(circumstance)before making a final decision. 5.The drink is a(mix)of lemon juice,honey,and sparkling water. 四、完成句子（每空一词) 1.他面临一个进退两难的境地，不知道该选择哪条路。 He is in a and doesn't know which path to choose 2.这些问题往往是由沟通不畅引起的。 These problems often poor communication 3.她英语的流利帮助她在国际会议上表现出色。 Her English helped her perform well at the international conference. 4.在这种情况下，我们不得不改变原计划。 Under the we have to change our original plan. 5.工厂实行轮班制，工人们分三班工作。 The factory operates in,and workers work in three 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 6 高中外研版 【精讲专版】 选择性必修第四册词义辨析及同义替换 Students often face challenges in learning English,especially when dealing with vocabulary and grammar.One common problem is choosing the right word in different situations.For example, when there are (numerous/many)options,it's easy to feel confused.Last week,Li Ming was in a (dilemma/choice):he needed to write an essay but couldn't decide between two topics. His teacher suggested he list the advantages of each to find an(alternative/option). Another issue is understanding words with similar meanings.Li Ming once made a mistake with "arise"and"rise".He wrote,"The problem rises from lack of practice",but his teacher corrected it to"The problem (arises/raises)from lack of practice" To improve,Li Ming started practicing daily.He now focuses on (fluency/proficiency)in speaking by joining English comers.His efforts have paid offhe can now express his ideas with (fluent/fluency)and confidence. 参考答案 I单项选择 1.B2B 3.A4.A5.A IⅡ.根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.alternatives 2.dilemma 3.circumstances 4.fluency 5.shifts L.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.qualified 2.fluency 3.arise 4.circumstances 5.mixture V.完成句子 1.dilemma 2.arise from 3.fluency in 4.circumstances 5.shifts:shifts V.语篇填空 1.numerous 2.dilemma 3.alternative 4.arises 5.fluency 6.fluency 7