Unit 2 Period 3 Starting out & Understanding ideas-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（外研版2019）

Period 3　Starting out & Understanding ideas—Language points Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．The financial crisis has weakened(削弱) foreign investors’ faith in the U．S.dollar. 2．He seems to be a very pessimistic(悲观的) person，but actually he’s a high-flying(有成就的) guy. 3．He anticipated(预料) that 900 students would have participated in the activity by this morning. 4．There is widespread concern that new houses will be built on protected land. 5．He lost all his possessions in the big fire and became penniless，which threw him in despair. Ⅱ.词形变化填空 1．It’s anticipated that the storm won’t last long but the fact may be beyond our anticipation.(anticipate) 2．Normally，it is the whole society that is to blame for the abnormal phenomenon.(normal) 3．A pessimist refers to a person who is pessimistic about everything and behaves pessimistically in most circumstances.(pessimism) 4．I didn’t recognize him when I saw him，for he had changed beyond recognition.(recognize) Ⅲ.完成句子 1．It was a pleasant surprise for me to find that I even ranked first in a recent English speech contest. 在最近的一次英语演讲比赛中，我竟然名列第一，真是令人惊喜。 2．The advantage of cycling to work is that we can live a low-carbon life.(that引导的表语从句) 骑自行车上班的优点是我们可以过一种低碳生活。 3．They came up to the winner，congratulating him on his success in this competition.(现在分词短语作伴随状语) 他们走到那个获胜者身边，祝贺他在这次比赛中取得成功。 4．This detective anticipated the whole matter in detail as if he had been on the spot.(as if引导方式状语从句) 这位侦探对整件事情进行了详细的预测，就好像他在现场一样。 weaken v．(使)虚弱(weak adj.虚弱的weakness n．虚弱；弱点) •be weak in...在……方面弱；不善于…… •strengths and weaknesses优缺点 (1)In his boyhood，he was weak in mathematics，but good at English. (2)Once she has made up her mind to do something，nothing will weaken her determination. 一旦她下定决心要做某事，没有什么会削弱她的决心。 (3)A qualified coach should well know the strengths and weaknesses of each player. 一名合格的教练应该很清楚地知道每个球员的长处和短处。 possession n．财物，财产(possess vt.拥有；具有；支配；控制 possessed adj.拥有的，具有的；着魔的，疯狂的 possessive adj.占有欲强的) •in possession of占有，拥有 in the possession of为……所有 take possession of拥有；占领；取得 •be possessed of具有(某种品质或特征) (1)Possessive man as he is，he won’t take possession of anything that doesn’t belong to him.(possess) (2)We are all wondering why he is always possessed(possess) of an extraordinary fund of energy. (3)The detective is now in possession of the company，which was once in the possession of his uncle. 这名侦探现在掌管着这家公司，这家公司曾经为他叔叔所有。 (4)Please keep in mind that only by possessing a good state of mind are you likely to attain success. 请记住，只有拥有良好的心态你才有可能获得成功。 recognition n．承认，认可[recognise/recognize vt.认识；认出；分辨出；(正式)承认；认识到；明白recognisable/recognizable adj.可识别的，可辨认的] •beyond recognition认不出来；面目全非 •recogniz(s)e sb/sth as/to be...认为……是…… It is recogniz(s)ed that...人们公认…… (1)The hard-working student was desperate for her teacher’s recognition(recognize)． (2)The small town has changed beyond recognition with the rapid development of rural tourism. 随着乡村旅游业的迅速发展，这座小镇发生了翻天覆地的变化。 (3)(应用文写作之人物介绍)阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦被公认为20世纪最伟大的科学家之一。 ①Albert Einstein is recogniz(s)ed as/to be one of the greatest scientists in the 20th century. ②It is recogniz(s)ed that Albert Einstein is one of the greatest scientists in the 20th century. up to 由……决定；多达；直到(某个时刻或日期)；胜任；正在做，忙于 up to now到目前为止(常与现在完成时连用) be up to (doing) sth正在忙于(做)某事；胜任(做)某事；适于(做)某事 It’s up to sb to do sth.由某人决定做某事。 (1)一词多义 ①John was dismissed because he wasn’t up to his job as a detective.胜任 ②Our school can display up to 1,000 students’ paintings at a time in the school hall.多达 ③The children are very quiet.I wonder what they’re up to.正在做 ④You should make up your mind.It is up to you how to achieve your ambition.由……决定 ⑤Up to now，they still have not found the real reason.直到(某个时刻或日期) (2)We learn from the great poet that in face of adversities，it’s up to us to take control of our fate and stay optimistic. 我们从这位伟大的诗人那里学到，面对逆境，由我们掌握自己的命运并保持乐观。 as if... 教材原句　Reading this book made me feel as if I’d been woken up from a long sleep and finally opened my eyes to the world！阅读这本书仿佛将我从长觉中唤醒了，让我终于开始睁眼看世界！(P19) as if(＝as though)意为“似乎，好像”，引导表语从句或方式状语从句。 •如果从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生，句子要用陈述语气； •如果从句只是表示一种假设的情况，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，其形式如下： (1)与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去时(be动词常用were)； (2)与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去完成时； (3)与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用would/could/might＋do。 (1)The detective just stared at me as if he had known(know) everything about the incident. (2)When a pencil is partly put into water，it looks as if it were(be) broken. (3)Look at the dark clouds all over the sky! It looks as if it is going to rain. 看看漫天的乌云！看起来好像要下雨了。 (4)With so many difficulties to deal with，I feel as if my brain would burst at once. 有这么多的困难要处理，我觉得我的大脑好像马上就要爆裂了。 Ⅰ.一词多义 observe A.看到；注意到　B.观察　C.遵守　D.庆祝 1．The thief was observed to open the window and run away. A 2．Could you tell me how you usually observe Thanksgiving Day in your country？ D 3．The scientist devoted most of his lifetime to observing the behavior of the chimps. B 4．Though having lived abroad for years，most Chinese still observe traditional customs. C Ⅱ.熟词生义 1．We eagerly anticipated the day when we would get reunited.期望，盼望 2．What upset her was that she gained only a little recognition for her work.赞誉 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.Weigh up the job and write down your strengths and weaknesses(weak)． 2．After about ten years，he was reunited with his sister，whom he had had no news of. 3．She has even decorated the spare room in anticipation(anticipate) of your visit. 4．I won’t allow myself to be distracted(distract) by those commercials when going shopping. 5．It is widely recognized/recognised(recognition) that smoking too much can weaken our immune system. 6．Facing the severe circumstance，I’m rather pessimistic about everything. 7．He was still running with a smile on his face，as if nothing had happened(happen)． 8．Despite the bad weather，the majority of the participants made it to the finishing line. Ⅱ.选词填空 1．To make your stay as enjoyable as possible，we hope you will use our facilities to the full. 2．No matter what happens，I sincerely hope that you will never lose touch with me. 3．Above all，cut down on desserts and sweet drinks filled with sugar in your daily diet regardless of how much you love them. 4．Don’t be pessimistic，for the art show is far from being a failure.It is very successful. 5．It is believed that people who regularly exercise tend to live longer than those who do not. Ⅲ.单句写作(应用文写作——《鲁滨孙漂流记》读后感) 1．鲁滨孙·克鲁索出生在一个体面的家庭，被困在一座远离大陆的孤岛上。(far from) Robinson Crusoe，born in a decent family，is stranded on a lonely island far from the mainland. 2．虽然看起来他没有生存的希望，但他成功地活了下来并且过得不错。(as if引导从句) While it looks as if there were no hope for him to survive，he manages it and lives well. 3．书中最精彩的部分是他救出了一个野蛮人(savage)，他称这个野蛮人为“星期五”。(when引导表语从句) The highlight of the book is when he rescues a savage，whom he names “Friday”． 4．鲁滨孙在岛上生活了28年，最终回到了英国，与他的家人团聚。(be reunited with) Robinson lives on the island for 28 years and ultimately returns to England and is reunited with his family. 5．这个故事告诉我们，我们永远不应该悲观，因为我们的命运取决于我们。(it’s up to...) The story tells us that never should we be pessimistic，because it is up to us what our fate is. Ⅳ.阅读理解 About 2,400 years ago in Athens a man was put to death for asking too many questions.If philosophy has a pioneer，it is Socrates. Shabby and a bit strange，Socrates did not fit in.Although physically ugly and often unwashed，he had great charm and a brilliant mind.Everyone in Athens agreed that there had never been anyone quite like him and probably wouldn’t be again.He was unique. As a young man，he had been a brave soldier fighting in the Peloponnesian War against the Spartans and their allies.In middle age，he wandered around the marketplace，stopping people from time to time and asking them awkward questions.That was more or less all he did.But the questions he asked were razor-sharp. Over and over again Socrates demonstrated that the people he met in the marketplace didn’t really know what they thought they knew.A military commander would begin a conversation totally confident that he knew what “courage” meant，but after 20 minutes in Socrates’ company，he would leave completely confused.The experience must have been disconcerting.Socrates loved to reveal the limits of what people genuinely understood，and to question the assumptions on which they built their lives. The word “philosopher” comes from the Greek words meaning “love of wisdom”．The kind of wisdom that it values is based on argument，reasoning and asking questions，not on believing things simply because someone important has told you they are true.Wisdom for Socrates was not knowing lots of facts，but knowing how to do something.It meant understanding the true nature of our existence，including the limits of what we can know.Philosophers today are doing more or less what Socrates was doing: asking tough questions，looking at reasons and evidence，struggling to answer some of the most important questions we can ask ourselves about the nature of reality and how we should live. 1．What can we learn about Socrates? A．He always dressed himself properly and neatly. B．He used to be an anti-war activist when young. C．He had a sharp mind and the spirit of insistence. D．He was enthusiastic about bargaining in the supermarket. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段的“he had great charm and a brilliant mind”及第三段第二句“...stopping people from time to time and asking them awkward questions.”可推断，苏格拉底具有敏捷的思维及坚持不懈的精神。故选C项。 2．What does the underlined word “disconcerting” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Awesome. B．Enjoyable. C．Disturbing. D．Risky. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句及上一句可知，一位原本自信的指挥官在与苏格拉底交谈后，却开始感到困惑，可推知这种经历是令人不安的。故画线词与C项意思相近。故选C项。 3．What is the wisdom from philosophy? A．Learning to argue，reason and ask. B．Having faith in what experts told you. C．Figuring out how to solve the question. D．Managing to have access to lots of facts. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段的“The kind of wisdom that it values is based on argument，reasoning and asking questions...”可知，哲学的智慧是学会争论、推理和询问。故选A项。 4．Which column is the passage taken from? A．Politics. B．Economy. C．Society. D．Culture. 答案　D 解析　文章出处题。通读全文尤其是第五段可知，文章主要介绍了哲学先驱苏格拉底及其哲学智慧。因此推断本文取自“文化”专栏。故选D项。 Ⅴ.完形填空 One of the easiest things in the world is to become a fault-finder.However，life can be 1 when you are not busy finding fault with it. Several years ago I received a letter from seventeen-year-old Kerry，who described herself as a world-class fault-finder，almost always 2 by things.People were always doing things that annoyed her，and 3 was ever good enough.She was highly self-critical and also found fault with her friends. Unfortunately，it took a horrible accident to change her 4 .Her best friend was seriously hurt in a car crash.The day before the accident，Kerry had visited her friend and had spent the whole time criticizing her 5 of friends，the way she was living，the way she related to her mother，and various 6 things she felt she needed to express.It wasn’t until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became 7 her habit of finding fault.Very quickly，she learned to appreciate life rather than to 8 everything so harshly(刻薄)．She was able to transfer her new wisdom to other parts of her life as well. Perhaps most of us aren’t as extreme at fault-finding， 9 when we’re honest，we can be sharply 10 of the world.I’m not suggesting you 11 problems，or that you pretend things are 12 than they are，but simply that you learn to allow things to be as they are— 13 most of the time，and especially when it’s not really a big 14 . Train yourself to “bite your tongue”，and with a little 15 ，you’ll get really good at letting things go.And when you do，you’ll get back your enthusiasm and love for life. 语篇解读　这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过Kerry的故事，谈论了在生活中不应该吹毛求疵，而应该找回对生活的热情和热爱，让生活变得更加美好。 1．A.lonely B．great C．quiet D．uneasy 答案　B 解析　根据下文“when you are not busy finding fault with it”和最后一段的“you’ll get back your enthusiasm and love for life”可知，当你不忙于挑错，人生可以变得很棒。故选B。 2．A.threatened B．interrupted C．bothered D．spoiled 答案　C 解析　threaten威胁； interrupt打断； bother使烦恼；spoil宠溺。根据后文“People were always doing things that annoyed her”可知，别人总是做一些让她烦恼的事情，所以她总是被事情困扰。故选C。 3．A.anything B．everything C．something D．nothing 答案　D 解析　根据上文“People were always doing things that annoyed her”可知，别人总是让她烦恼，她认为没有一件事是足够好的。故选D。 4．A.attitude B．plan C．measure D．explanation 答案　A 解析　根据下文“Very quickly，she learned to appreciate life”可知，这场事故改变了她的态度。故选A。 5．A.memory B．notice C．evidence D．choice 答案　D 解析　根据后文“of friends”可知，此处指挑剔她选择朋友的方式。故选D。 6．A.more B．some C．other D．another 答案　C 解析　根据前文列举的三种事和后文“things she felt she needed to express”可知，此处表示“其他”事情，后跟复数名词，应用other。故选C。 7．A.aware of B．afraid of C．curious about D．confused about 答案　A 解析　根据后文“her habit of finding fault”可知，Kerry意识到了她爱找茬的习惯。故选A。 8．A.discuss B．realize C．judge D．settle 答案　C 解析　根据“rather than”和后文“everything so harshly”可知，此处是描述其态度的转变：感激生活而非评判生活。故选C。 9．A.so B．or C．but D．for 答案　C 解析　根据句意可知，前后之间是转折关系，用but连接。故选C。 10．A.proud B．sure C．hopeful D．critical 答案　D 解析　根据上文“Perhaps most of us aren’t as extreme at fault-finding， when we’re honest”可知，我们可能并不是极端爱找茬，只是过于直白时可能像是在批判这个世界。故选D。 11．A.face B．create C．solve D．ignore 答案　D 解析　根据下文“or that you pretend things are than they are”可知，不是建议忽视问题。故选D。 12．A.rarer B．better C．stranger D．worse 答案　B 解析　根据下文“but simply that you learn to allow things to be as they are”可知，是要允许不完美，而不是假装事情比实际要好。故选B。 13．A.at least B．at last C．by far D．so far 答案　A 解析　根据后文“most of the time”和语境可知，此处是指至少在大多数时候要允许不完美。故选A。 14．A.task B．deal C．result D．duty 答案　B 解析　根据句意和语境可知，此处指的是“事情不严重的时候”，要承认真实情况。it’s not a big deal没什么大不了。故选B。 15．A.practice B．speech C．rest D．pity 答案　A 解析　根据上文“Train yourself to ‘bite your tongue’”可知，要尽量少说话，而是多用实际行动。故选A。 Ⅵ.语法填空 Recently,16 Chinese online novels have been added to the collection of the British Library.1.___________(cover) themes of science fiction，history，reality and fantasy，these works are considered the classics of Chinese online literature from the past 20 years. The library usually selects works 2. (base) on their popularity or by considering an item’s value.Readers can check the information about the 16 books on the library’s website，and borrow printed 3. (copy)．As one of the current key parts of mass cultural consumption,4. began with “fast food” romances，fantasies and mysteries，the Chinese online literature industry has received increasing 5. (recognize) from home and abroad. One of the 16 novels，Happiness in Palm tells a story about love and delicacies(美食) in ancient times.The author created a 6. (represent) heroine who was tough and intelligent，facing up to hardships with courage，perseverance and optimism.“It’s 7.__________ surprise to me that online fiction can be added to the collection of a foreign library.8.__________ feels like the path of online novel writing is becoming much 9. (wide)，” the writer says. Great Power，Heavy Industry tells of how China’s manufacturing industries 10._________(grow) stronger in recent decades，and foreign readers can learn about the Chinese system and culture behind the country’s swift economic development，getting to know China better in the process. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了大英图书馆新收藏了16部中国网络小说。这些作品涵盖了科幻、历史、现实和奇幻等方面，被认为是近20年来中国网络文学的经典之作。 1．答案　Covering 解析　考查非谓语动词。设空处在句中作非谓语，和逻辑主语these works之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，且位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Covering。 2．答案　based 解析　考查非谓语动词。设空处在句中作状语，需填非谓语，be based on以……为基础。故填based。 3．答案　copies 解析　考查名词复数。设空处在句中作宾语，应用名词，空前无限定词修饰，应用复数形式表泛指。故填copies。 4．答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为mass cultural consumption，指物，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 5．答案　recognition 解析　考查名词。设空处在句中作宾语，应用名词；recognition“认可”是抽象概念，不可数。故填recognition。 6．答案　representative 解析　考查形容词。设空处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词heroine。故填representative。 7．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。设空处后为名词surprise，在此处泛指“一件令人惊讶的事”，应用不定冠词，且surprise的发音是辅音音素开头，故填a。 8．答案　It 解析　考查代词。固定句型it feels like (that)．..“感觉……”，且位于句首，首字母应大写。故填It。 9．答案　wider 解析　考查形容词的比较级。much修饰比较级，设空处应用比较级形式作表语。故填wider。 10．答案　have grown 解析　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。设空处为宾语从句的谓语动词，根据时间状语in recent decades可知句子的时态为现在完成时，主语为industries，助动词用have。故填have grown。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$