Unit 1 Science and Scientists 三-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲选择性必修第二册（人教版）

高中选修2人教 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及同义替换 精讲专版 【Unit 1】Science and Scientists 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 aerospace/'earauspeis/n.航空 missile/'mIsa/n.导弹 文学家 航天工业 leadership/'Ii:dafip/n.领导：领astronomy/e'strpnami/n.天文 patriotic/,pertri'Dtik/adj.爱国导地位；领导才能 学 的 trace /trers/vt.追溯；追踪；查telescope/'telrskaup/n.望远镜 mechanical/m3'kaenikl/adj.机出n.痕迹；遗迹；踪迹 besides/bi'sardz/prep.除…之 械的：发动机的；机器的 outstanding/aot'staendu)/adj.优外（还）adv.而且；此外 mechanic /ma'kaenik/n.机械师；秀的；杰出的：明显的 brilliant/briliant/adj.聪颖的： 机械修理工 gifted/'grfud/adj..有天赋的：有绝妙的；明亮的 break out短语（战争、打斗等不天才的：天资聪慧的 furthermore f3:0a'm:(r)/adv. 愉快的事情)突然开始：爆发 come down短语患（病）：染上此外；再者 aviation/,eIvi'en/n.航空制造（小病） above all短语最重要的是；尤其 业：航空；飞行 abstract/'ebstraekt/adj.抽象的；是 defend/d'fend/t.保卫：防守：理论上的n.(文献等的)摘要 fault /f:lt/n.弱点；过错 辩解 steady/'sted/adj.稳定的；平稳shift/ft/n.改变；转换；轮班 jet/d3et/n.喷气式飞机 的；稳步的 vi.&t.转移：挪动：转向 assistant/A'sIstant/n.助理；助手concept/'kDnsept/n.概念；观念ivid/'vIvid/adj.生动的：鲜明 in charge of短语主管；掌管 astronomer/'strDnam3(r)/n.天的；丰富的 词义辨析及同义替换 1.besides/bI'saidz/prep.除…之外（还）adv.而且；此外 词义辨析： besides:作介词时强调“除…之外还有”，包含后面的内容；作副词时表示“此外、再者”，用 于补充说明。 except:作介词时强调“从整体中排除”，不包含后面的内容。 同义替换： in addition,furthermore 高中选修2人教 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及同义替换 例句： Besides English,he also studies French.()/I don't like the color.Besides,it's too expensive. (副词) 真题链接：（人教版高中选修2同步练习） reading books,he often plays basketball in his free time. A.Except B.Besides C.Without(答案：B) 2.furthermore/,f3:δa'm:()/adv.此外：再者 词义辨析： furthermore:正式用语，强调在原有基础上“进一步补充说明”，多用于书面语。 besides:副词用法时与furthermore近义，但口语化程度稍高，可用于句首或句中。 同义替换： moreover,in addition 例句： The task is difficult.Furthermore,we don't have enough time. 真题链接：（人教版高中选修2单元检测) She is good at English ,she often helps her classmates with their lessons. A.However B.Furthermore C.Instead (答案：B) 3.outstanding/aot'staendr/ad.优秀的：杰出的；明显的 词义辨析： outstanding:侧重“在同类中突出、卓越”，可形容人或事物，语气较强。 excellent:强调“极好的、卓越的”，多用于形容事物的质量或人的能力，语气稍弱于outstanding 同义替换： excellent,distinguished 例句： He made outstanding contributions to science 真题链接：（人教版高中选修2模块测试） Yuan Longping was an scientist who developed hybrid rice. A.outstanding B.average C.common (答案：A) 4. brilliant./'briliant/adj.聪颖的：绝妙的：明亮的 词义辨析： brilliant:可形容人“聪颖的”（侧重才华横溢）或事物“绝妙的、明亮的”，程度高于clever。 clever:侧重“聪明的、机灵的”，应用范围广，可形容人或动物。 同义替换： intelligent,brilliant-minded 例句： She has a brilliant idea to solve the problem. 高中选修2人教 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及同义替换 真题链接：（人教版高中选修2同步练习） Einstein was a physicist who proposed the theory of relativity. A.brilliant B.stupid C.lazy (答案：A) 5.gifted/'gftd/adj.有天赋的：有天才的：天资聪慧的 词义辨析： gifted:强调“天生具有某种才能”，后常接介词at/in。 talented:侧重“有才能的、有天赋的”，可与gifted互换，但talented更强调通过后天培养显现 的能力。 同义替换： talented,genius 例句： She is gifted at playing the piano 真题链接：（人教版高中选修2单元练习） Mozart was a musician who composed many famous works in his short life A.gifted B.ordinary C.slow (答案：A) 6.steady/'sted/adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的 词义辨析： steady:强调“持续稳定的、不摇晃的”，可形容状态、速度或关系。 stable:侧重“稳固的、不易改变的”，多用于形容局势、情绪或结构。 同义替换： stable,constant 例句： The company has maintained steady growth this year 真题链接：（人教版高中选修2模块检测） We need a government to lead the country forward. A.steady B.changing C.weak（答案：A) 7.iid/'vmd/adj.生动的；鲜明的：丰富的 词义辨析： vvid:强调“形象鲜明的、栩栩如生的”，可形容记忆、描述或色彩。 lively:侧重“活泼的、充满活力的”，可形容人、气氛或画面。 同义替换： lively,colorful 例句： Her vivid description made us feel like we were there. 3 高中选修2人教 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及同义替换 真题链接：（人教版高中选修2同步练习） The author uses language to describe the scenery in the novel. A.vivid B.boring C.simple(答案：A) 8.shift/fft/n.改变；转换；轮班vi.&t.转移：挪动：转向 词义辨析： shi讯：侧重“位置、方向或观点的改变”，可作名词或动词。 change:含义最广，泛指“任何变化”，可作名词或动词，不强调方向或位置。 同义替换： change,switch 例句： He shifted his attention to the new problem.(动词)/We work in three shifts a day..（名词) 真题链接：（人教版高中选修2单元测试） The wind from east to north,and the temperature dropped quickly. A.shifted B.stopped C.increased (答案：A) 9.defend/d'fend/t.保卫；防守；辩解 词义辨析： defend:侧重“保护…免受攻击或伤害”，也可指“为…辩解”。 protect:强调“采取措施保护…免受危险或损害”，搭配protect..from/against。 同义替换： protect,guard 例句： Soldiers defend our country./He tried to defend his mistake. 真题链接：（人教版高中选修2同步练习） We should the environment from pollution. A.defend B.destroy C.harm (答案：A) l0.abstract/'ebstraekt/adj.抽象的：理论上的n.(文献等的)摘要 词义辨析： abstract(adj.):指“抽象的、非具体的”，与concrete(具体的)相对。 theoretical:侧重“理论上的”，与practical(实践的)相对。 同义替换： theoretical,non-concrete 例句： Abstract art is difficult for some people to understand. 真题链接：（人教版高中选修2阅读专项） This article discusses concepts rather than practical methods. A.abstract B.simple C.clear (答案：A) 高中选修2人教 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及同义替换 11.concept/'kDnsept/.n.概念；观念 词义辨析： concept:指“抽象的概念、观念”，侧重理性上的理解。 idea:含义更广，可指“想法、主意、概念”，口语化程度高。 同义替换： idea,notion 例句： The concept of time is different in different cultures. 真题链接：（人教版高中选修2单元练习） Children usually learn basic like numbers and letters at school. A.concepts B.toys C.games (答案：A) 12.above all短语最重要的是；尤其是 词义辨析： above all:强调“在众多因素中最重要的是”，常用于句首或句中。 first of all:侧重“首先、第一”，强调顺序上的优先。 同义替换： most importantly,first and foremost 例句： We need to work hard.Above all,we should believe in ourselves. 真题链接：（人教版高中选修2写作指导） To succeed in study,you need to be careful,hard-working,and confident. A.above all B.as a result C.in fact (答案：A) 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.She speaks English fluently she is also good at French and German. A.Except B.Besides C.Without 2.The research project requires a lot of time. it needs a large amount of money. A.However B.Furthermore 5 高中选修2人教 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及同义替换 C.Instead 3.Marie Curie was an scientist who discovered radium and polonium. A.outstanding B.average C.common 4.Steve Jobs had a idea to create user-friendly electronic products. A.brilliant B.stupid C.lazy 5.LangLang is a pianist who showed great talent at an early age. A.gifted B.ordinary C.slow 6.The company has achieved development in the past five years A.steady B.changing C.weak 7.The poet uses images to describe the beauty of nature A.vivid B.boring C.simple 8.The government has its focus from economic growth to environmental protection. A.shifted B.stopped C.increased 9.We must our country against foreign aggression. A.defend B.destroy C.harm 10.Philosophy often deals with ideas that are hard to understand A.abstract B.simple C.clear 二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6 高中选修2人教 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及同义替换 1.He likes sports, (此外)，he is also interested in music. 2.Einstein made (杰出的)contributions to modern physics. 3.The little girl has a (有天赋的)voice for singing. 4.The economy has maintained a (稳定的)growth rate this year, 5.The novel gives a_ (生动的)description of life in the countryside. 6.There has been a()in public opinion about this issue. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.She is (gift)in painting and has won several awards 2.The (abstract)of the article is very difficult to understand. 3.We need to take (steady)steps to solve the problem. 4.His (brilliant)idea changed the way we think about education. 5.The (concept)of democracy has a long history. 四、完成句子（每空一词） 1.除了数学，他还喜欢物理和化学。 he also likes physics and chemistry. 2.她不仅会弹钢琴，而且还会拉小提琴。 She can play the piano.,she can play the violin. 3.这位作家以其生动的描述而闻名。 The writer is famous for his 4.风向已经从南风转向东风了。 The wind has south to east. 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 7 高中选修2人教 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及同义替换 Albert Einstein was one of the most (brilliant/outstanding)scientists in history.He had a (gift/talent)for physics and proposed the theory of relativity. (Besides/Furthermore) his scientific achievements,he was also a peace lover.His_(abstract/concept)ideas were some- times hard to understand,but they changed the world.He once said,"Imagination is more important than knowledge.” (Above all/First of all),he believed that curiosity was the key to discovery. 参考答案 I单项选择 1B2B3.A4.A5.A6.A7.A8.A9.A10.A Ⅱ.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.besides 2.outstanding 3.gifted 4.steady 5.vivid 6.shift ⅡL.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.gifted 2.abstract 3.steady 4.brilliant 5.concept V.完成句子 1.Besides math 2.Furthermore 3.vivid descriptions 4.shifted from V.语篇填空 1.outstanding 2.gift 3.Besides 4.abstract 5.Above all P