内容正文:
高中选修2人教
【寒假专版】
,E版词汇变形及词缀精讲
寒假专版
【Unit 1】Science and Scientists
词汇变形及词缀精讲
全部单元单词
aerospace/'er3 ospeis/n.航空missile/'misarl/n.导弹
astronomy/A'strpnami/n.天文
航天工业
leadership/'li:dajp/n.领导;领学
patriotic/,pertri'ptrk/adj..爱国导地位;领导才能
telescope/'teliskaup/n.望远镜
的
trace/treis/vt.追溯;追踪;查besides/bI'sadz/prep.除…之
mechanical /m'kaenikl/adj.机出n.痕迹;遗迹:踪迹
外(还)adv.而且:此外
械的;发动机的:机器的
outstanding/aot'staendu)/adj.优brilliant'briliant/adj.聪颍的:
mechanic/ma'kanik/n.机械师;秀的;杰出的;明显的
绝妙的:明亮的
机械修理工
gifted/'gftd/adj.有天赋的:有furthermore/f3:am:r)/adv.
break out短语(战争、打斗等天才的:天资聪慧的
此外;再者
不愉快的事情)突然开始:爆发come down短语患(病):染上above all短语最重要的是:尤
aviation/,eIvi'en/n.航空制造(小病)
其是
业;航空:飞行
abstract/aebstraekt/adj.抽象的;fault/f:lt/n.弱点:过错
defend/d'fend/vt.保卫;防守;理论上的n.(文献等的)摘要
shift /fif/n.改变;转换;轮班
辩解
steady/sted/adj.稳定的:平稳vi.&t.转移:挪动:转向
jet/d3et/n.喷气式飞机
的:稳步的
ivid/'vIvId/adj.生动的;鲜明
assistant'sIstant/n.助理;助concept/'"kpnsept//n.概念;观念的;丰富的
手
astronomer /a'stronama(r)/n.
in charge of短语主管:掌管
文学家
词汇变形及词缀精讲
1.mechanic /m3'kenk/n.机械师;机械修理工
词汇变形
形容词形式:mechanical /m3'kaenikl/(机械的;发动机的)
构词解析
后缀-ic:加在名词后构成形容词,表”与…相关的:具有…性质的”。
同类词:electric(电的)←-electricity(电)、historic(历史的)←-history(历史)
例句:The mechanical engineer designed a new type of engine.
真题链接(人教版高中选修2同步练习):The(mechanic)problem was finally solved by the
experienced engineer.(答案:mechanical)
高中选修2人教
【寒假专版】
,E版词汇变形及词缀精讲
2.aviation/,eIvi'eIn/n.航空制造业:航空;飞行
词汇变形
形容词形式:aviation(仅作名词):动词形式:aviate/erviert/(飞行,较少用)
构词解析
词根avi-:表”鸟;飞行”,后缀-ation:加在动词后构成名词,表”动作或过程”。
同类词:navigation(导航)←-navigate(导航)、education(教育)←-educate(教育)
例句:Aviation technology has developed rapidly in recent years..
真题链接(人教版高中选修2教材例句):His dream is to work in aviation and design new airplanes.
3.defend/dr'fend/t.保卫;防守;辩解
词汇变形
名词形式:defence(英式)/defense(美式)/d'fens/(防御;辩护)
形容词形式:defensive/d'fensiv/(防御的;辩护的)
构词解析
前缀de-:表”向下;加强”,词根fend-:表”打击”,后缀-ce构成名词,-ive构成形容词。
同类词:offend(冒犯)→offence(冒犯)、attend(参加)→attention(注意)
例句:Soldiers defend our country from enemies.
真题链接(人教版高中选修2同步练习):The lawyer made a strong__(defend)for his client.(答
案:defence/defense)
4.assistant/'sistant//n.助理;助手
词汇变形
动词形式:assist/归'sIst/(帮助:协助)
形容词形式:assistant(辅助的,仅作定语)
构词解析
前缀as-:表”加强”,词根sist-:表”站立”,后缀-ant:加在动词后构成名词,表”执行者”。
同类词:assist(帮助)→assistant(助手)、serve(服务)→servant(仆人)
例句:She works as a research assistant in the lab.
真题链接(人教版高中选修2教材例句):The manager asked his assistant to arrange the meeting
5.leadership/'li:dep/n.领导;领导地位:领导才能
词汇变形
动词形式:lead/li:dW(领导;引导)
名词形式(人):leader/'li:d(r)/(领导者)
构词解析
词根lead-:表”引导”,后缀-er构成表”人”的名词,-ship:加在名词后构成抽象名词,表”身份:
性质;才能”。
同类词:friend(朋友)→friendship(友谊)、member(成员)→membership(会员资格)
例句:His strong leadership helped the team succeed.
真题链接(人教版高中选修2同步练习):The company is looking for someone with good
(lead)
skills.(答案:leadership)
2
高中选修2人教
【寒假专版】
E版词汇变形及词缀精讲
6.trace /treis/vt..追溯:追踪;查出n.痕迹;遗迹;踪迹
词汇变形
形容词形式:traceable/'treIsabl/(可追溯的;可追踪的)
构词解析
后缀-able:加在动词后构成形容词,表”可…的:能…的”。
同类词:change(改变)→changeable(易变的)、Iead(阅读)一readable(易读的)
例句:The origin of this tradition can be traced back to the 19 th century..
真题链接(人教版高中选修2同步练习):The police found_(race)of the missing child in the
forest.(答案:traces)
7.abstract/'ebstraekt/adj.抽象的:理论上的n.(文献等的)摘要
词汇变形
动词形式:abstract/eb'straekt/(提取;抽象化,重音转移)
构词解析
前缀ab-:表”离开;脱离”,词根tact-:表”拉”,后缀-t构成形容词/名词,动词形式重音后移。
同类词:attract(吸引)→attraction(吸引力)、contract(合同:收缩)
例句:Abstract art is often difficult to understand for beginners.
真题链接(人教版高中选修2教材例句):Please write an abstract for your research pap即er before
submission.
8.concept/'kpnsept//n.概念;观念
词汇变形
形容词形式:conceptual /kan'septfual//(概念的;观念的)
构词解析
前缀con-:表”共同',词根cept-:表”拿;取”,后缀-t构成名词,-ual构成形容词。
同类词:accept(接受)→acceptance(接受)、perceive(感知)→perception(感知)
例句:The concept of”environmental protection''is widely accepted today..
真题链接(人教版高中选修2同步练习):The teacher explained the
(conceptual)framework of
the theory clearly..(答案:conceptual)
9.astronomer/A'strDnam3(r)/n.天文学家
词汇变形
名词形式(学科):astronomy/A'stronami/(天文学)
形容词形式:astronomical/,estr3'npmik/(天文的;极大的)
构词解析
词根astr-:表”星星”,nom-:表”规律;学科”,后缀-er表”人”,y表”学科”,-ical构成形容词。
同类词:biologist(生物学家)←-biology(生物学)、geologist(地质学家)←-geology(地质学)
例句:Astronomers study the stars and planets through telescopes.
真题链接(人教版高中选修2教材例句):Astronomy is one of the oldest sciences in human history.
l0.telescope/'telrskaup/n.望远镜
词汇变形
3
高中选修2人教
【寒假专版】
E版词汇变形及词缀精讲
动词形式:telescope/'teliskaup/(压缩:叠缩)
构词解析
前缀tele-:表”远”,词根scop-:表看”,后缀-e构成名词,动词形式意义为”像望远镜一样缩短”。
同类词:telephone(电话)←-tele-(远)+phone(声音)、microscope(显微镜)←-micro-(微)+
scope(看)
例句:We observed the moon through a telescope.
真题链接(人教版高中选修2同步练习):The astronomer adjusted the_
(telescope)to get a clearer
image of the star.(答案:telescope)
11.brilliant/'brli3nt/adj.聪颖的;绝妙的;明亮的
词汇变形
名词形式:brilliance/'brilians/(光辉;才华)
构词解析
词根bril-:表”发光”,后缀-ant:构成形容词,-ance构成名词。
同类词:important(重要的)→importance(重要性)、distant(遥远的)→distance(距离)
例句:She has a brilliant mind and solves problems quickly.
真题链接(人教版高中选修2同步练习):The (brilliant)of the sun made it hard to look outside.
(答案:brilliance)
12.fault /fo:lt/n.弱点;过错
词汇变形
动词形式:fault /fo:lt/(指责;挑剔,较少用)
形容词形式:faulty/fo:ti/(有错误的:有缺陷的)
构词解析
词根faut:表”错误”,后缀-y构成形容词,表”有…性质的”。
同类词:
例句:
综合训练
、
根据句意及汉语提示完成单词
1.The study of stars and planets is called
(天文学)
2.A person who helps others with their work is an
(助理).
3.The ability to lead a group is known as
(领导才能)
4.The science of flight and aircraft is referred to as
(航空)
5.An instrument used to observe distant objects in space is a
(望远镜)
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高中选修2人教
【寒假专版】E版词汇变形及词缀精讲
二、
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.The
(mechanic)engineer designed a new type of machine.
2.The lawyer presented a strong
(defend)for his client in court.
3.Her_
(brilliant)in solving complex problems impressed everyone.
4.The
(concept)framework of the theory was explained clearly by the professor.
5.This old tradition can be
(trace)back to the Ming Dynasty.
三、完成句子(每空一词)
1.士兵们保卫国家免受敌人的攻击。
Soldiers
the country
enemies.
2.天文学家通过望远镜研究天体。
study celestial bodies through
3.他的领导才能帮助团队取得了成功。
His
helped the team
4.这个有缺陷的设备需要立即修理。
The
equipment needs to be repaired immediately.
四、语篇填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空,使短文通顺、连
贯。
Maria,a young
(assist)in a science lab,dreams of becoming an(astronomy).She often
reads about the latest developments in
(aviate)and space exploration.Her mentor,a senior
scientist,encourages her to develop her_
(lead)skills.One day,they discovered a(fault)
part in their experiment equipment,which Maria quickly traced to a(mechanical)error.Thanks
to her quick thinking and the team's
(defend)of their research methods,they successfully
completed the project.The experience deepened Maria's interest in the
(concept)aspects of
space science,and she hopes to build her own
(telescope)one day to explore distant galaxies.
参考答案
I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词
6.astronomy 7.assistant 8.leadership 9.aviation
10.telescope
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高中选修2人教
【寒假专版】E版词汇变形及词缀精讲
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
6.mechanical 7.defence/defense 8.brilliance 9.conceptual 10.traced
I.完成句子
5.defend:from/against 6.Astronomers:telescopes 7.leadership:succeed 8.faulty
V.语篇填空
assistant:astronomer:aviation:leadership:faulty:mechanical:defence/defense:conceptual:
telescope
6