Unit 1 Science Fiction二-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲选择性必修第四册（人教版）

高中选修4人教 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 寒假专版 【Unit 1】Science Fiction二 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 fare/fea)/n.车费：船费；飞机 音乐厅、会场等) 之：接管；接手 票价 salesman/'seilzman/n.售货员；inaction/m'ekjn/n.无行动：不 weekly/wi:kli/adj.每周的n.周推销员 采取措施 刊 alien/'erlian/n.外星人（生物）；conflict with短语与…冲突或 on a..basis短语根据：以… 外国人adj.陌生的：外星的：外抵触 的方式（基准） 国的 labour/'leba(r)/n.劳动（者）： calculate/'kaelkjulert/t.计算：pros and cons短语事物的利与体力劳动vi.奋斗；努力工作 核算：预测 弊：支持与反对 leather/'leia()/n.皮革；pl.]皮 chairwoman/'tfeawumar/n.女blurred /bl3:dad.模糊不清的；衣；皮外套 主席：女董事长：女委员长 难以区分的 lever /'li:va(r);NAmE 'levar/n. gramme (NAmE gram)/grem/superior/su:'pIaria();sju:-/adj.操纵杆；杠杆 n.克（重量单位） 更好的：占优势的：（在级别或panel/'penl/n.控制板：仪表盘： flour/'flaa)/n.面粉；（谷物重要性上）更高的superior to比专家咨询组 磨成的)粉 …更好：更胜一筹 inch/itf/n.英寸（长度单位，等 venue/venju:/n.活动场地（如take over短语占上风：取而代于2.54厘米） 词义辨析及同义替换 1.calculate/'kaelkjulert/.t.计算；核算：预测 词义辨析： calculate:侧重通过数学运算或逻辑推理得出精确结果，强调过程的系统性和准确性。 compute:与calculate含义相近，但更侧重借助工具或计算机进行运算，书面语中较常用。 同义替换： compute,figure out 例句： We need to calculate the total cost of the project before making a decision. 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4同步练习） 1 高中选修4人教 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 Scientists that the temperature will rise by 2C in the next decade. A.calculate B.imagine C.wonder (答案：A) 2.superior /su:'praria(;ju:-/adj.更好的：占优势的；（在级别或重要性上)更高的 词义辨析： superior:强调在质量、地位或能力上“优于、高于”，后接介词to,无比较级形式。 better:普通用词，指在品质、程度等方面“更好”，是good/well的比较级，后接han。 同义替换： better,higher,advantageous 例句： This new model is superior to the old one in terms of performance 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4单元检测） The quality of this material is to that of the others we tested. A.superior B.better C.higher (答案：A) 3.take over短语占上风：取而代之；接管；接手 词义辨析： take over:侧重“接管、掌控”某个组织、职位或权力，或在竞争中“取而代之”。 take charge:强调“开始负责、掌管”某事，主语通常是人，搭配take charge of。 同义替换： take control of,take charge of,replace 例句： After the manager retired,his assistant took over the company. 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4同步练习) The new CEO will the company next month A.take over B.take off C.take down(答案：A) 4.conflict with短语与…冲突或抵触 词义辨析： conflict with:指意见、利益、事实等“与…冲突、不一致”，为动词短语。 be in conflict with:与conflict with含义相同，但为系表结构，更强调状态。 同义替换： be in conflict with,contradict 例句： His actions conflict with his words,which makes others distrust him. 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4单元检测） Your statement the evidence we have collected. A.conflicts with B.agrees with C.connects with (答案：A) 高中选修4人教 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 5.labour/'leba)/n.劳动（者）：体力劳动vi.奋斗：努力工作 词义辨析： labour:指“体力劳动”或“劳动力”，尤指辛苦的劳动，英式拼写。 wok:普通用词，泛指各种体力或脑力劳动，不可数名词。 同义替换： work,toil 例句： Farmers often do heavy labour in the fields during harvest time. 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4同步练习） The success of the project required a lot of hard A.labour B.jobC.task(答案：A) 6.blurred/bls3:d/adj.模糊不清的：难以区分的 词义辨析： blurred:指因视觉问题、运动或时间久远导致“模糊的、不清晰的”，侧重视觉效果。 vague:侧重“含糊的、不明确的”，指思想、表达等不清晰，缺乏具体细节。 同义替换： vague,indistinct 例句： The old photo is so blurred that I can't recognize the people in it. 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4单元检测） Her memory of the accident became as time went by. A.blurred B.clear C.sharp (答案：A) 7.alien/'eilian/n.外星人（生物）：外国人adj.陌生的；外星的；外国的 词义辨析： alin:作形容词时，强调“外国的、异族的”，或“陌生的、格格不入的”：作名词可指“外星 人”。 foreign:仅作形容词，指“外国的、来自国外的”，侧重地域上的外来性。 同义替换： foreign,strange 例句： The customs in this country are alien to me. 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4同步练习） He felt in the new school because he couldn't speak the local language. A.alien B.happy C.comfortable(答案：A) 8.pros and cons短语事物的利与弊；支持与反对 高中选修4人教 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 词义辨析： pros and cons: 指对事物正反两方面的“利弊、优缺点”，常用于讨论或决策前。 advantages and disadvantages::与pros and cons含义完全相同，更正式、书面化。 同义替换： advantages and disadvantages,merits and demerits 例句： We need to discuss the pros and cons of the new policy before implementing it. 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4单元检测） Before making a decision,you should consider all the carefully. A.pros and cons B.ups and downs C.ins and outs (答案：A) 9.on a -basis短语根据：以…的方式（基准） 词义辨析： on a..basis:表示“以…为基础/方式”，强调频率或方式，如on a daily basis(每天)。 based on:指“基于…、以…为依据”，后接名词或代词，强调来源或基础。 同义替换： based on,by means of 例句： We have meetings on a weekly basis to discuss progress. 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4同步练习） The team reports to the manager a monthly basis. A.on B.in C.at(答案：A) l0.venue/'venju::/n.活动场地（如音乐厅、会场等） 词义辨析： venue:特指举办会议、演出、比赛等的“场地、场所”，正式用词。 place:普通用词，泛指任何“地方、场所”，使用范围最广。 同义替换： place,location,site 例句： The venue for the concert has been changed to the city hall. 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4单元检测） What is the of the international conference next week? A.venue B.time C.topic (答案：A) 11.weekly/wi:kli/adj.每周的n.周刊 词义辨析： weekly:作形容词时，表示“每周的、每周一次的”；作名词指“周刊”。 monthly:与weekly结构相似，表示“每月的、月刊”，频率低于weekly。 高中选修4人教 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 同义替换： every week,weekly magazine 例句： We have a weekly test on Friday afternoons. 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4同步练习) This magazine is very popular among young people. A.weekly B.yearly C.daiy(答案：A) l2.chairwoman/'tfeawuman/n.女主席：女董事长；女委员长 词义辨析： chairwoman::指女性的“主席、董事长”，对应男性为chairman。. chairperson:中性词，泛指“主席、主持人”，不强调性别。 同义替换： chairperson,female chairman 例句： The chairwoman of the company gave a speech at the annual meeting 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4单元检测） Ms.Li was elected as the of the students'union. A.chairwoman B.chairman C.chair (答案：A) 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.Scientists need to the cost of the new experiment before starting it. A.calculate B.compute C.imagine 2.This new smartphone is to the old model in camera quality A.superior B.better C.higher 3.After the CEO resigned,his deputy will the company next month. A.take over B.take charge 5 高中选修4人教 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 C.take off 4.Her opinions often her parents'ideas on education. A.conflict with B.are in conflict with C.agree with 5.Farmers in this area do heavy in the fields during summer. A.labour B.work C.job 6.The photo taken in the rain became and we couldn't see the faces clearly. A.blurred B.vague C.clear 7.As a foreign student,she felt in the new school at first. A.alien B.foreign C.comfortable 8.We should discuss the of the project before making a decision. A.pros and cons B.advantages and disadvantages C.ups and downs 9.The team holds meetings a weekly basis to share progress. A.on B.in C.at 10.What is the for the school art festival next week? A.venue B.place C.location 二、根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.You need to c the total score by adding up all the marks 2.The new software is s to the old version in speed and efficiency. 3.The manager decided to t over the project after his assistant left. 6 高中选修4人教 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 4.His actions c with his promises,making others lose trust in him. 5.The success of the building required a lot of hard 1 6.Memories of childhood became b as time went by. 7.She found the local customs a to her,as she came from a different country. 8.Before choosing a university,you should consider the p and cons carefully. 9.They communicate with each other o a daily basis via email 10.The concert'sv was changed to the stadium due to bad weather. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The engineer spent three hours (calculate)the data for the bridge design 2.This product is (superior)to others in both quality and price. 3.After the accident,his son took over (manage)the family business. 4.Her statement (conflict)with the witness's account of the event. 5.The workers have been doing heavy (labour)since early morning. 6.The old photo is so (blur)that we can't recognize the people in it. 7.He felt (alien)in the new city because he couldn't speak the local dialect. 8.We need to list the (pros and cons)of moving to a new office. 9.The teacher checks homework (on a weekly basis)to monitor students'progress. 10.The (venue)of the conference is still under discussion. 四、完成句子（每空一词） 1.我们需要核算旅行的总费用再预订机票。 We need to the total cost of the trip before booking tickets. 2.这种材料的质量优于我们测试过的其他材料。 The quality of this material is that of the others we tested. 3.新经理将在下个月接管公司的日常运营。 The new manager will the daily operations of the company next month. 1 高中选修4人教 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 4.他的行为与他所说的话相冲突。 His actions his words. 5.农民们在收获季节不得不做大量艰苦的劳动。 Farmers have to do a lot of hard during harvest time 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Scientists often need to (1.calculate/compute)complex data to predict climate change.They believe that new energy technologies are (2.superior/better)to traditional ones in reducing pollution.However,some policies may (3.conflict with/be in conflict with)environmental protection goals. On a daily basis,researchers work in labs and do heavy (4.labour/work)to collect samples. Sometimes,old records become _(5.blurred/vague)and hard to read,so they need to digital- ize them.When discussing projects,they always list the (6.pros and cons/advantages and disadvantages)to make wise decisions. Last month,a conference was held at a new _(7.venue/place)downtown.The chairwoman (8.took over/took charge of)the meeting and emphasized the importance of teamwork.Ev- eryone agreed that success requires not only individual effort but also cooperation 参考答案 I单项选择 1.A2.A3.A4.A5.A6.A7.A8.A9.A10.A Ⅱ.根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.calculate 2.superior 3.take 4.conflict 5.labour 6.blurred 7.alien 8.pros 9.on 10.venue ⅡI用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.calculating 2.superior 3.managing 4.conflicts 5.labour 6.blurred 7.alien 8.pros and cons 9.on a weekly basis 10.venue V.完成句子 1.calculate 2.superior to 3.take over 4.conflict with 5.labour V.语篇填空 8 高中选修4人教 【寒假专版】D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 1.calculate 2.superior 3.conflict with 4.labour 5.blurred 6.pros and cons 7.venue 8.took charge of 9