Unit 5 Natural Disasters一-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲必修第一册（冀教版）

高中必修1冀教版 【核心词汇精讲】 Unit 5 Natural Disasters 核心词汇 【Unit5】Natural Disasters 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 extremely/k'stri:mli/adv.极其；downtown/,daum'taon/adj.市中年纪念日 极端 心的；adv.在市中心 greet/gri:t/v.打招呼；迎接 horrible/'hprabl/adj.令人震惊disaster/dr'za:sta()/n.灾难；灾brochure/'braa(r)/n.资料手 的：恐怖的 祸 册 scare/skea(r)/v.惊吓；使害怕 survive/s3VaIv/V.幸存；生存poster/'past/n.招贴画；海报 region/'rid3n/n.地区；区域 BCE/,bi:si:'i:/abbr.公元前design/d'zan/v.&n.设计：构 plate /plert/n.板块；盘子 (=Before the Common Era) 思 slide/ladv.滑行；滑动 death/deθ/n.死亡 supply/sa'plar/n.&v.供应：供给 movement/'mu:vmnt/n.移动：resource/rr's3s/n.资源；资料content/'kpntent/n.内容；目录 运动 response/r'sppns/n.响应：答复package/'pekd3/n.包裹；包： volcano/wDl'kemnau/n.火山 document/dokjumant/n.文件袋：v.将.包装好 erupt /I'rapt/v.爆发：喷出 anniversary /aenI'v3:sari/n. 词义辨析及同义替换 1.disaster/dr'za:sta(r)/n.灾难；灾祸 词义辨析： disaster:指造成严重破坏或损失的自然或人为灾难，范围较广，如地震、火灾等。 calamity:语气更强，侧重指异常严重且波及范围广的灾难，书面化程度高。 同义替换： calamity,catastrophe 例句： The earthquake was a terrible disaster that destroyed many homes. 真题链接：（冀教版高中必修1同步练习） The flood caused a great to the local villagers. A.disaster B.resource 高中必修1冀教版 【核心词汇精讲】 Unit 5 Natural Disasters C.movement (答案：A) 2.survive/sa'vaIv/V.幸存；生存 词义辨析： urvive:强调在灾难、困难中“幸存下来”，可作及物动词（后接宾语)或不及物动词。 live:泛指“活着、生活”，侧重生命状态，常用搭配live on(靠…生活)。 同义替换： remain alive,pull through 例句： Only a few people survived the plane crash 真题链接：（冀教版高中必修1单元测试） After the fire,all the animals in the forest could not A.survive B.scare C.erupt (答案：A) 3.design/d'zam/v.&n.设计；构思 词义辨析： design(v.):侧重“有计划地设计、构思”，常指艺术、工程等领域的创作。 plan(v.):泛指“计划、规划”，侧重安排做事的步骤或方案。 同义替换： create,devise 例句： She designed a beautiful poster for the school anniversary. 真题链接：（冀教版高中必修1同步练习） We need to a new way to solve this problem A.design B.greet C.supply (答案：A) 4.supply/s'plar/n.&v.供应；供给 词义辨析： supply(v.):侧重“提供所需物品”，常用搭配supply sth.tosb.或supply sb.with sth.。 provide(v.):含义更广，可指提供物品、服务或帮助，搭配provide sth.for sb.或provide sb.with sth.。 2 高中必修1冀教版 【核心词汇精讲】 Unit 5 Natural Disasters 同义替换： provide,furnish 例句： The company supplies fresh vegetables to the local market. 真题链接：（冀教版高中必修1单元测试） The government will food and water to the disaster area. A.supply B.package C.content (答案：A) 5.movement/'mu:vmant//n.移动：运动 词义辨析： movement: 指物体的“移动”或有组织的“运动”（如社会运动)，是可数名词。 motion:侧重“机械运动”或“动作”，可指抽象的“意向”，书面化用词。 同义替换： motion,activity 例句： The movement of the earth's plates causes earthquakes. 真题链接：（冀教版高中必修1同步练习） We observed the of the stars through the telescope. A.movement B.region C.death (答案：A) 6.region/i:d3n/n.地区；区域 词义辨析： egion:指较大的“地理区域”，具有一定的自然或人文特征，如气候区、行政区。 rea:泛指“面积、区域”，可大可小，不强调特征，如房间面积、城市某区域。 同义替换： area,district 例句： The northern region of the country is famous for its cold winters. 真题链接：（冀教版高中必修1同步练习) This is rich in natural resources. A.region B.downtown 3 高中必修1冀教版 【核心词汇精讲】 Unit 5 Natural Disasters C.volcano (答案：A) 7.erupt'rApt/v.爆发：喷出 词义辨析： upt:主要指火山“喷发”或冲突、战争等“爆发”，是不及物动词。 explode(v.):指炸弹、气体等“爆炸”，或情绪“爆发”，可作及物或不及物动词。 同义替换： burst,break out 例句： The volcano erupted suddenly,sending out ash and lava. 真题链接：（冀教版高中必修1单元测试） Afight between the two groups after the argument. A.erupted B.slid C.scared (答案：A) 8.content./kDntent/,n.内容；目录 词义辨析： content:指书籍、文章等的“具体内容”，或容器内的“所含物”，为不可数名词（指“目录”时 为可数)。 contents: 常用复数形式，指“容器内的所有物品”或“书籍目录”。 同义替换： material,substance 例句： The content of this book is mainly about environmental protection. 真题链接：（冀教版高中必修1同步练习） You should read the carefully before answering the questions A.content B.brochure C.poster (答案：A) 9.response/rI'spons/.n.响应；答复 词义辨析： response:指对某事的“回应、反应”，常用搭配in response to(作为对…的回应)。 reply(n.):侧重“对间题或信件的答复”，常用搭配make a reply to。 4 高中必修1冀教版 【核心词汇精讲】 Unit 5 Natural Disasters 同义替换： reply,reaction 例句： The government made a quick response to the disaster 真题链接：（冀教版高中必修1单元测试） I'm waiting for her to my email. A.response B.document C.anniversary (答案：A) l0.package/'pekd3/n.包裹；包；袋：v.将.包装好 词义辨析： package(n.):指“包装好的物品”或“包表”，可指小型包裹或商业包装。 prcl(n.):侧重指通过邮局寄送的“小包裹”，尤指纸质包装的物品。 同义替换： parcel,pack 例句： She received a package from her parents yesterday. 真题链接：（冀教版高中必修1同步练习） Please send this to the address on the card. A.package B.resource C.death (答案：A) 1l.extremely/k'stri:mli/adv.极其；极端 词义辨析： extremely: 强调程度“极其、非常”，修饰形容词或副词，语气较强。 very:普通用词，程度较extremely弱，使用范围更广。 同义替换： very,highly 例句： The weather is extremely cold in this region in winter. 真题链接：（冀教版高中必修1同步练习） This task is difficult for us to finish in an hour A.extremely B.horribly 高中必修1冀教版 【核心词汇精讲】Unit5 Natural Disasters C.silently (答案：A) 12.horrible/"hprabl/adj.令人震惊的：恐怖的 词义辨析： horrible::指因可怕、残忍而“令人震惊的”，强调心理上的恐惧或厌恶。 terrible:泛指“糟糕的、可怕的”，可形容人、事或物，语气较口语化。 同义替换： terrible,awful 例句： The news of the accident was horrible to hear. 真题链接：（冀教版高中必修1单元测试） What a movie!I couldn't watch it till the end. A.horrible B.humorous C.silent (答案：A) 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.The sudden earthquake caused a terrible in the small town A.disaster B.region C.movement 2.After the flood,only a few families managed to without any help A.survive B.erupt C.design 3.The engineer needs to a new bridge to connect the two villages A.supply B.design C.package 4.The local farm fresh milk to supermarkets across the city every morning. 6 高中必修1冀教版 【核心词汇精讲】Unit5 Natural Disasters A.provides B.supplies C.furnishes 5.Astronomers study the of planets to understand their orbits. A.motion B.movement C.activity 6.This is known for its rich coal resources and ancient temples. A.area B.district C.region 7.A violent argument between the two teams during the game. A.erupted B.exploded C.broke 8.The of the report focuses on solutions to environmental pollution. A.contents B.content C.substance 9.The government's quick_ to the crisis saved many lives. A.reply B.reaction C.response 10.She was scared when she heard the loud thunder last night. A.very B.extremely C.horribly 二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The firemen tried their best to save people from the (灾难). 2.We need to find a way to (设计)a more efficient system for our office. 3.The company promised to()enough masks to hospitals next week. 4.The (to the north of the river is famous for its beautiful scenery. > 高中必修1冀教版 【核心词汇精讲】 Unit 5 Natural Disasters 5.A volcanic (爆发)can cause damage to the environment 6.The (of the book is suitable for both children and adults. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The designer (create)a unique logo for the new brand last month. 2.Could you please (supply)us with some information about the project? 3.After the storm,the survivors_ (remain)alive by eating wild fruits 4.The government is planning to (devise)a new policy to help farmers. 5.The (move)of the machine is controlled by a computer program. 四、完成句子（每空一词) 1.政府将向灾区提供食物和水。 The government will food and water the disaster area. 2.只有少数人在那场事故中幸存下来。 Only a few people the accident. 3.这位建筑师设计了许多著名的建筑。 The architect many famous buildings. 4.这个地区的气候全年温和。 The climate in this is mild all vear round. 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 A terrible earthquake hit a small town last week.It was a huge (1.disaster/calamity)that destroyed many houses.Luckily,most people(2.survive/live)by hiding under strong tables. After the earthquake,the government immediately startedto_(3.supply/provide)foodand water to the victims.Engineers were sent to(4.design/plan)new buildings for the homeless.In the affected (5.region/area),people worked together to clean up the mess.A fight almost (6.erupted/exploded)when some people tried to take more supplies than needed,but volunteers quickly stopped it.The local newspaper reported the(7.content/contents)of the rescue work, and readers were deeply moved by the stories of courage. 8 高中必修1冀教版 【核心词汇精讲】Unit5 Natural Disasters 参考答案 I单项选择 1.A2.A3.B4.B5.B6.C7.A8.B9.C10B Ⅱ根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.disaster 2.design 3.supply 4.region 5.eruption 6.content I.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.created 2.supply 3.remained 4.devise 5.movement V.完成句子 1.supply,to 2.survived 3.designed 4.region V.语篇填空 1.disaster 2.survived 3.supply 4.design 5.region 6.erupted 7.content