Unit 5 Natural Disasters二-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲必修第一册（冀教版）

高中必修1冀教版 【Unit5】 Natural Disasters 自然灾害专题 【Unit5】Natural Disasters 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、 全部单元单词 material/ma'trarial/n.材料 dragon/'deg3n/n.(传说中的) 求知欲强的 aid/erd/n.&v.援助；帮助 龙 counterpart /'kauntapa:t/n. midnight/'midnart//n.午夜 toad /taud/n.蟾蜍 位（或作用）相当的人 tornado:'nerda/n.龙卷风 expel/k'spel/v.排出；喷出 march /ma:tf/v.行进：游行示威 technique/tek'ni:k/n.技术；技typhoon/ta'fun/n.台风 military/'mrlatri/adj.军事的：n. 能 hurricane/'harikan/n.飓风 军队；军方 evacuation /I,vaekju'en/n.疏average/'evard3n.平均水平；argue/∥a:gju/V.争吵：争论 散；撤离 ad.平均的 emergency/'m3:d3ansi/n.突发 prescription/pri'skrip/n/n.医生cyclone/'saiklaon/n.气旋：旋风事件：紧急情况 开的药：处方 super/spa(r)/adj.超级的 request /r'kwest/.n.&v.要求：请 seismograph/'saizmagra:fn.地landslide/'laendslaId/n.塌方：滑求 震仪 坡 negotiate /ni'gaufiert/v.谈判；磋 determine/d't3mm/v.测定；决wave /werv/n.波：波浪 商 定 surf/s3f/v.冲浪：浏览 author'ity:'prati/n.当局；权 copper/'kDpa)/n.铜 curious/'kjuarias/adj.好奇的；力 词义辨析及同义替换 1.aid/edWn.&v.援助：帮助 词义辨析： id:侧重指提供物质、金钱或其他实际支持，尤指官方或有组织的援助，可作名词或动词。 help:含义最广泛，泛指任何形式的帮助，口语和书面语均常用，可作动词或名词。 同义替换： help,assist,support 例句： The government provided aid to the victims of the earthquake 真题链接：（冀教版高中必修1同步练习） 高中必修1冀教版 【Unit5】 Natural Disasters The Red Cross often people in need around the world A.aids B.refuses C.ignores (答案：A) 2.determine/dr't3mn/v.测定；决定 词义辨析： determine: 强调经过深思熟虑后做出决定，或通过调查、分析得出结论，语气较正式。 decide:普通用词，指在多种可能性中做出选择，语气相对随意。 同义替换： decide,resolve,settle 例句： We need to determine the cause of the problem before solving it 真题链接：（冀教版高中必修1单元测试） After discussing for hours,they finally to postpone the meeting A.determined B.forgot C.hesitated (答案：A) 3.argue/'a:qju:/v.争吵；争论 词义辨析： argue:指因意见不同而进行辩论或争吵，可能带有情绪，常与with/about连用。 debate:侧重指在正式场合进行的有规则的辩论，双方观点明确，语气较客观。 同义替换： debate,quarrel,discuss 例句： They often argue about trivial things,which affects their friendship 真题链接：（冀教版高中必修1同步练习） Don't」 with your parents,try to communicate with them calmly. A.argue B.agree C.play (答案：A) 4.request/rI'kwest/n.&v.要求；请求 词义辨析： request:正式用词，指礼貌地或正式地提出请求，语气较委婉，常见搭配make a request,.request sth./sb.to do sth. ask:普通用词，使用范围最广，可指口头或书面的请求，语气较随意。 同义替换： ask,demand,appeal 例句： The teacher requested the students to hand in their homework on time. 真题链接：（冀教版高中必修1单元测试） Visitors are not to touch the exhibits in the museum. A.requested B.allowed C.encouraged (答案：A) 2 高中必修1冀教版 【Unit5】 Natural Disasters 5.negotiate/r'gaofiert/v.谈判：磋商 词义辨析： negotiate:指双方或多方为达成协议而进行正式的谈判，涉及利益、条件等方面的讨论。 bargain:侧重指为达成交易而讨价还价，常涉及价格等具体条款。 同义替换： bargain,discuss,confer 例句： The two countries are negotiating a trade agreement to promote economic cooperation. 真题链接：（冀教版高中必修1同步练习） The workers are with the boss about better working conditions. A.negotiating B.fighting C.competing(答案：A) 6.authority/:'prati/n.当局：权力 词义辨析： authority:作“当局”讲时，指官方机构或管理部门；作“权力”讲时，强调控制、管理的能力 或权限。 powr:泛指“力量、权力”，可指自然力、权力、影响力等，范围较广。 同义替换： power,government,administration 例句： The local authority is taking measures to improve public transportation 真题链接：（冀教版高中必修1单元测试） The new law gives the police more to deal with crimes. A.authority B.money C.time (答案：A) 7.emergency'm3d39nsin.突发事件；紧急情况 词义辨析： emergency:指突然发生的、需要立即处理的紧急事件，如自然灾害、事故等。 css:指危机、危急关头，常涉及严重的问题或困难，可能持续一段时间。 同义替换： crisis,urgent situation,emergency case 例句： We should stay calm in an emergency and call for help immediately 真题链接：（冀教版高中必修1同步练习） The hospital has a special department to deal with medical A.emergencies B.plans C.meetings (答案：A) 8.average/'aevarId3yn.平均水平：adj.平均的 3 高中必修1冀教版 【Unit5】 Natural Disasters_ 词义辨析： average: 作形容词时，指“平均的”，强调处于中等水平：作名词时，指“平均数、平均水平”。 ordinary: 指“普通的、平常的”，强调没有特别之处，与“特殊的”相对。 同义替换： ordinary,medium,mean 例句： The average temperature in this city in summer is 28C. 真题链接：（冀教版高中必修1单元测试） The Lage of the students in this class is 16. A.average B.total C.high (答案：A) 9.curious/kjvarias/adj.好奇的：求知欲强的 词义辨析： curious::指对未知事物充满好奇，想要了解，常与about搭配。 interested:指对某事物感兴趣，有主观意愿去关注或参与，常与in搭配。 同义替换： interested,inquisitive,eager to know 例句： Children are always curious about the world around them. 真题链接：（冀教版高中必修1同步练习） Lucy is about Chinese culture and often reads books about it A.curious B.bored C.afraid(答案：A) l0.technique/tek'nik/n.技术；技能 词义辨析： technique:指做某事的具体方法、技巧，尤指艺术、体育、科学等领域的专业技能。 technology:指应用于工业、商业等领域的科学技术、工艺，范围较广。 同义替换： skill,method,craft 例句： The artist uses a special technique to create this painting 真题链接：（冀教版高中必修1单元测试） Modern has greatly improved people's living conditions A.technology B.technique C.story (答案：A) 11.tornado/to:'neId/n.龙卷风 词义辨析： tornado:指发生在陆地上的高速旋转的空气柱，破坏力极强，常伴随雷雨。 高中必修1冀教版 【Unit5】 Natural Disasters typhoon:指发生在西北太平洋的热带气旋，中心附近风力达到12级或以上。 hurricane: 指发生在大西洋和东太平洋的热带气旋，性质与台风类似，只是名称因地区而异。 cyclone:是热带气旋的统称，在不同地区有不同的名称，如台风、飓风等。 同义替换： twister,cyclone(specific type) 例句： A tornado hit the small town,causing great damage to houses and trees. 真题链接：（冀教版高中必修1同步练习） are common in the coastal areas during summer. A.Typhoons B.Tornadoes C.Earthquakes (答案：A) l2.evacuate'vaekjueIt//v.疏散；撤离 词义辨析： evacuate:指有组织地从危险区域撤离人员，确保安全，常与from搭配。 withdraw:指从某个地方或活动中撤出，可指人或军队等，语气较正式。 同义替换： withdraw,remove,evacuate people from 例句： The government ordered people to evacuate from the flood-stricken area immediately. 真题链接：（冀教版高中必修1单元测试） All residents were from the building when the fire broke out. A.evacuated B.invited C.stopped (答案：A) 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.The local government decided tothe victims with food and medicine after the flood. A.aid B.argue C.request 2.Scientists need to the cause of the strange disease through further research. A.determine B.negotiate C.evacuate 5 高中必修1冀教版 【Unit5】 Natural Disasters 3.My parents often about where to spend the summer vacation,but they always reach an agree- ment finally. A.debate B.argue C.discuss 4.Passengers are to show their tickets before boarding the train. A.asked B.requested C.demanded 5.The two companies have been for months to reach a cooperation agreement A.bargaining B.negotiating C.competing 6.The new policy gives the school more to manage its own affairs. A.power B.authority C.administration 7.In case of please call the emergency hotline 120 immediately. A.crisis B.emergency C.urgent situation 8.The score of the class in the math exam is 85,which is higher than last time. A.average B.ordinary C.mean 9.The little boy is about how the robot can move by itself. A.curious B.interested C.inquisitive 10.The of using solar energy has made our daily life more convenient. A.technique B.technology C.craft 根据句意及首字母提示填空 6 高中必修1冀教版 【Unit5】 Natural Disasters 1.The Red Cross often provides a to people in disaster-stricken areas. 2.After hours of discussion,they finally d to start the project next month. 3.It's not polite to a with others in public places. 4.The teacher r that all students should finish their homework by Friday. 5.The two countries are n a new trade agreement to boost economic ties. 6.The local a is responsible for the maintenance of the city's roads. 7.The hospital has a special team to handle medical e 8.The a rainfall in this area is about 1000 mm per year. 9.Children are naturally c about the world around them. 10.The artist's unique t makes her paintings very popular. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The government provided(aid)to the homeless after the earthquake. 2.We need to(determine)the best way to solve this problem. 3.They often (argue)about politics,but they still remain good friends. 4.The manager(request)the staff to attend the meeting on time. 5.The two sides are (negotiate)the terms of the contract. 6.The police have the (authority)to stop speeding cars. 7.We should keep a first-aid kit at home in case of (emergency). 8.The(average)age of the employees in this company is 35. 9.She is (curious)about the history of ancient Egypt. 10.The use of advanced (technology)has improved production efficiency. 四、完成句子（每空一词) 1.政府决定向地震受害者提供援助。 The government decided to the earthquake victims 7 高中必修1冀教版 【Unit5】 Natural Disasters二 2.经过长时间的讨论，他们决定推迟会议。 After a long discussion,they finally the meeting. 3.不要和你的老师争论，要认真听他们讲。 Don't your teachers;listen to them carefully. 4.游客被要求不要触摸博物馆里的展品。 Visitors are touch the exhibits in the museum. 5.工人们正在和老板谈判更好的工作条件。 The workers are the boss about better working conditions. 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 When a natural disaster strikes,the first thing people need is 1_(aid/help)from the government and organizations.The local 2(authority/government)usually takes the lead in organizing res- cue work.Experts will 3_(determine/decide)the affected areas and 4_(evacuate/withdraw) people to safe places.During this process,people may 5 (argue/debate)about the best way to distribute resources,but the main goal is to help those in need.In such 6 _(emergency/emergencies),modern 7(technology/technique)plays a crucial role,such as using drones to assess damage and communicate with trapped people.Everyone should stay calm and follow the instructions of the rescue team to ensure safety. 参考答案 I单项选择 1.A2.A3.B4B5.B6B7B8.A9.A10B 工根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.aid 2.determined 3.argue 4.requested 5.negotiating 6.authority 7.emergencies 8.average 9.curious 10.technique ⅡL.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.aid 2.determine 3.argue 4.requested 5.negotiating 6.authority 7.emergencies 8.average 9.curious 10.technology V.完成句子 1.provide aid to 2.determined to postpone 3.argue with 4.requested not to 5.negotiating with 8 高中必修1冀教版 【Unit5】 Natural Disasters二 V语篇填空 1.aid 2.authority 3.determine 4.evacuate 5.argue 6.emergencies 7.technology