Unit 4 Disaster Survival A部分-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲选择性必修第二册（沪外版）

选择性必修第二册沪外版 【Unit4】 Disaster Survival A部分 核心词汇精讲 【Unit4】Disaster Survival A部分 词义辨析及综合演练 本单元核心词汇 全部单元单词 boundary/baundri/n.边界；分 specialist/'spefalist/n.专家 dentist/'dentist/.n.牙科医生 界线 infectious/m'fek∫3s/adj.传染性specialize/'spefalaIz/V.专门研 statistic/sta'tistrk/n.(一项)统的 究（或从事），专攻 计数据 clinic/'klmik/n.诊所；门诊部gene /d3in/n.基因口 assist/A'sIst/V.协助；帮助 disinfect/,dism'fekt/v.为·genome/'d3 i:naom/n.基因组， tackle /'takl/v.处理，对付（难消毒；给…杀菌 染色体组口 题) outbreak/'autbreik/n.爆发，突cell/sel/n.细胞 ital/'vatl/adj.极其重要的 然发生 being/bi:四/n.生物：存在；身 tragic/'trad3k/adj.悲惨的，不 surgeon/'s3:d3n/n.外科医生 心 幸的 physician/f'zn/n.医师，内科lifespan/'larfspan/n.寿命，有 Ebola /i'b3ule/n.埃博拉病毒 医生 效期口 词义辨析及同义替换 1.assist/A'sIst/V.协助：帮助 词义辨析： assist:侧重“辅助性帮助”，强调在主要行动中提供支持，常与介词in/with搭配，正式程度高 于help。 help:含义最广，可指任何形式的帮助，口语和书面语通用，后接动词原形或with sth.。 同义替换： help,aid,support 例句： The nurse assisted the doctor in performing the surgery. 真题链接：（沪外版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习） The volunteers_the elderly with their daily chores every weekend. A.assisted B.helped 选择性必修第二册沪外版 【Unit4】 Disaster Survival A部分 C.aided (答案：B) 2.tackle/'tk/v.处理，对付（难题） 词义辨析： tackle:侧重“主动着手解决棘手问题”，宾语多为困难、任务等，如tackle a problem。 deal with:含义更广，可指“处理问题、应对人或事”，常与how连用，如how to deal with。 同义替换： handle,cope with,deal with 例句： We need to tackle the root cause of environmental pollution. 真题链接：（沪外版高中选择性必修第二册单元检测） It's not easy tosuch a complex situation within a short time A.tackle B.handle C.do with (答案：A) 3.ital/'vatl/adj.极其重要的 词义辨析： vital:强调“对生命或成功必不可少的”，程度高于important,.常搭配be vital to/for。 important::普通用词，指“有重大意义或影响的”，使用范围最广。 同义替换： crucial,essential,important 例句： Regular exercise is vital to maintaining good health 真题链接：（沪外版高中选择性必修第二册期中测试） Water is for all living beings,nothing can survive without it. A.vital B.important C.necessary (答案：A) 4.specialist/'spefalist//n.专家&specialize/'spefalaiz/v.专门研究（或从事） 词义辨析： specialist:名词，指“某领域的专家”，如a heart specialist。 specialize:动词，意为“专攻、专门从事”，后接介词in,如specialize in medicine。 同义替换： specialist-expert,professional 2 选择性必修第二册沪外版 【Unit4】 Disaster Survival A部分 specialize-focus on,major in 例句： Dr.Lee is a specialist in infectious diseases,and she specializes in Ebola research. 真题链接：（沪外版高中选择性必修第二册阅读拓展） After graduation,she decided toin genetic engineering and become ain the future A.specialize;specialist B.expert;specialize C.focus;professional (答案：A) 5.surgeon/'s3:d3n/n.外科医生&physician /fi'zn/n.医师，内科医生 词义辨析： surgeon:指“外科医生”，主要从事手术治疗，如perform surgery。 physician:指“内科医生”，侧重用药物等非手术方式治疗疾病，如diagnose illnesses。 同义替换： surgeon一→surgical doctor physician-medical doctor,internist 例句： The surgeon operated on the patient's leg,while the physician prescribed medication for his fever. 真题链接：（沪外版高中选择性必修第二册词汇运用） When you have a heart problem,you should consult a_;for a broken bone,a_is needed. A.physician;surgeon B.surgeon;physician C.dentist;specialist (答案：A) 6.clinic/'klnk/n.诊所：门诊部 词义辨析： clinic:指“小型诊所、专科门诊”，通常由医生或护士坐诊，规模小于hospital。 hospital:指“综合医院”，可提供住院、手术等全面医疗服务。 同义替换： medical clinic,outpatient department 例句： She went to the dental clinic to have her teeth checked 真题链接：（沪外版高中选择性必修第二册完形填空） The nearest_is three kilometers away,so we had to drive there for first aid. A.clinic B.hospital 3 选择性必修第二册沪外版 【Unit4】 Disaster Survival A部分 C.emergency room (答案：A) 7.outbreak/'autbreik/n.爆发，突然发生 词义辨析： outbreak:侧重“疾病、战争、暴力等突然爆发”，如an outbreak of Ebola。 eruption::主要指“火山爆发”或“感情突然爆发”，如a volcanic eruption。. 同义替换： outbreak,burst,explosion 例句： The government took immediate measures to control the outbreak of the infectious disease. 真题链接：（沪外版高中选择性必修第二册阅读理解） The text mainly discusses the causes and effects of the recent_of flu in the city A.outbreak B.eruption C.spread (答案：A) 8.cell/se/n.细胞 词义辨析： cell:生物学专用词，指“生物体的细胞”，如a blood cell。. unit:普通用词，指“构成整体的基本单位”，如a unit of measurement。. 同义替换： biological cell 例句： The human body is made up of trillions of cells. 真题链接：（沪外版高中选择性必修第二册生物相关阅读） Scientists are studying how cancer_grow and spread in the body. A.cells B.units C.genes (答案：A) 9.being/bi:/n.生物；存在 词义辨析： being:作“生物”时，指“有生命的个体”，包括人、动物等，如living beings;作“存在”时， 抽象名词，如the meaning of being。 creature:侧重“动物或虚构生物”，也可指“人”，带有感情色彩，如a lovely creature。 4 选择性必修第二册沪外版 【Umit4】 Disaster Survival A部分 同义替换： creature,.organism(生物)；existence(存在) 例句： All living beings depend on oxygen to survive 真题链接：（沪外版高中选择性必修第二册阅读理解） The novel describes a world where humans and magical-live together in harmony. A.beings B.creatures C.organisms (答案：B) 10.lifespan/'1 afspaen/n.寿命，有效期 词义辨析： lifespan:指“生物的寿命”或“事物的有效期”，如the lifespan of a butterfly。 life:指“生命、一生”，含义更广，如save one's life。 同义替换： life expectancy(寿命)，duration(有效期) 例句： Improved medical care has increased the average lifespan of people in this region 真题链接：（沪外版高中选择性必修第二册词汇填空） The-of this battery is about two years,after which it needs to be replaced. A.lifespan B.life C.duration (答案：A) 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.The nurse the doctor with the patient's treatment plan this morning. A.assisted B.helped C.aided 2.To solve the environmental crisis,we must_the root cause of pollution immediately. A.tackle 选择性必修第二册沪外版 【Umit4】 Disaster Survival A部分 B.deal with C.do with 3.A balanced diet is for children's growth and development. A.vital B.important C.necessary 4.After studying medicine for years,she decided to_in cardiology and become a heart_. A.specialize;specialist B.expert;specialize C.focus;professional 5.For a severe stomachache,you should see a first;if surgery is needed,a_will be called. A.physician;surgeon B.surgeon;physician C.dentist;specialist 6.Thein our neighborhood offers basic medical services like vaccinations and health check-ups. A.clinic B.hospital C.emergency room 7.The government announced new measures to prevent the_of the new virus in rural areas. A.outbreak B.eruption C.spread 8.Scientists are researching how healthy_can fight against harmful bacteria in the body. A.cells B.units C.genes 9.The novel's plot centers on a world where humans and magical_coexist peacefully A.beings B.creatures C.organisms 10.The_of this smartphone battery is about 18 months under normal use A.lifespan B.life C.duration 6 选择性必修第二册沪外版 【Umit4】 Disaster Survival A部分 二、根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.The local health c_provides free medical consultations every weekend. 2.Dr.Wang is a s in neurology and has treated many patients with brain disorders. 3.Regular exercise is vto reducing the risk of heart disease. 4.The sudden o_of flu in the school led to the closure of several classes. 5.A good diet and sufficient sleep can extend a person's 1. 6.She decided to sin environmental science during her university studies. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The team needs more volunteers to_with the charity event next month.(assist) 2.This new medicine has greatly improved the_of patients with chronic diseases.(lifespan) 3.My uncle is ain traditional Chinese medicine and runs a clinic downtown.(specialist) 4.The_successfully performed the heart surgery after 10 hours of work.(surgeon) 5.Water and air are for all livingon Earth.(vital;being) 四、完成句子（每空一词) 1.护士协助医生完成了三台手术。 The nurse the doctorperforming three surgeries. 2.这个问题很复杂，我们需要专家来处理。 This problem is very complex;we need a_toit. 3.新鲜空气对老年人的健康至关重要。 Fresh air is the health of the elderly. 4.他毕业后专攻人工智能，并成为该领域的专家。 After graduation,heartificial intelligence and became anin this field. 五、语篇填空 选择性必修第二册沪外版 【Umit4】 Disaster Survival A部分 Dr. Zhang is a well-known _(physician/surgeon)who works at a large hospital.He often (assists/helps)young doctors with difficult cases.Last month,there was an(outbreak/eruption) of a rare infection in the city.Dr.Zhang led a team to(tackle/deal with)the situation.They dis- covered that clean water was_(vital/important)to preventing the spread of the disease.To treat severe cases,they invited a(specialist/surgeon)from Beijing who(specializes/specializes in) infectious diseases.Thanks to their efforts,the infection was controlled within two weeks.Patients praised Dr.Zhang for his professionalism,saying his work had extended their(lifespan/life)and improved their quality of life. 参考答案 I单项选择 1.A2.A3.A4.A5.A6.A7.A8.A9.B10.A Ⅱ.根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.clinic 2.specialist 3.vital 4.outbreak 5.lifespan 6.specialize I用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.assist 2.lifespan 3.specialist 4.surgeon 5.vital;beings V.完成句子 1.assisted;in 2.specialist;tackle 3.vital to 4.specialized in;expert V.语篇填空 1.physician 2.assists 3.outbreak 4.tackle 5.vital 6.specialist 7.specializes in 8.lifes- pan 8