Unit 4 Achievements二-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲必修第二册（沪教版）

高中必修第二册沪教版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及同义替换 精讲专版 【Unit4】Achievements 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 dramatically/dra'maetikli/adv.institute/mstrtju.t/n.机构（尤 实事求是的 巨大地 指教育/专业机构) professional/pra'fe∫3nl/adj.专 curious/'kjoaria3s/adj.好奇的：education/,ed3u'ken/n.教育 业的：职业的 求知欲强的 request/r'kwest/n.(正式/礼貌false/f:Is/adj.错误的：不真实 shortage /'fo:td3/n.不足；缺少；的)要求：请求 的 短缺 atmosphere /'aetmasfia(r)/n.permanently /'p3:manantli/adv. grain/gren/n.谷物；谷粒 球的)大气：大气层 永久地：永恒地 decade/'dekerd/n.十年：十年期lack /laek/n.缺乏；匮乏；短缺 setback/'setbaek/n.挫折；阻碍 (尤指年代) clue /klu:/n.提示；解题提示 title/'tatl/n.(书/诗/画等的)名 self-sufficient/self sa'fInt/adj.literature/'ltratf(r)/n.文学；文称；标题 自给自足；自立的 学作品 短语 medal/'medl/n.奖章；勋章 failure/feja)/n.失败的人/事cell phone(美式)移动电话：手 outstanding/awt'staendr)/adj.优物；失败 机 秀的：杰出的 realistic/,ri:3'lIstik/adj.现实的；in addition除…以外（还） 词义辨析及同义替换 1. shortage/'J:td3yn.不足；缺少：短缺 词义辨析： shortage:侧重指“物资、资源等数量上的不足”，常与介词of搭配，如shortage of food。 lack:既可作名词也可作动词，作名词时强调“整体上的缺乏或不足”，搭配for lack of(因缺乏 …)。 同义替换： lack,scarcity 例句： The country is facing a serious shortage of fresh water. 真题链接：（沪教版高中必修第二册同步练习） 高中必修第二册沪教版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及同义替换 Due to the drought,there will be a of grain this year. A.plenty B.shortage C.number (答案：B) 2.outstanding/aot'staendu/ad.优秀的：杰出的 词义辨析： outstanding:强调“在同类中显著突出，超越一般水平”，可形容人、成就等。 excellent:侧重“非常好，品质高”，语气略弱于outstanding,应用范围更广。 同义替换： excellent,remarkable 例句： Yuan Longping made outstanding contributions to world food security. 真题链接：（沪教版高中必修第二册单元测试） Her performance in the competition won her a gold medal. A.outstanding B.common C.ordinary (答案：A) 3.request/r'kwest//n.(正式/礼貌的)要求；请求 词义辨析： request:指“正式或礼貌的请求”，语气较客气，常用搭配make a request for。 require:作动词时表“需要、要求”，强调客观需要或规定，如require sb.todo。 同义替换： demand,appeal 例句： The company received a request for more information about the new product. 真题链接：（沪教版高中必修第二册课后练习） Visitors are requested photos in the museum A.not take B.not to take.not taking(答案：B) 4.1ack1ekn.缺乏；匮乏；短缺 词义辨析： lack:作名词时指“整体上的不足”，如lack of experience;作动词时直接接宾语，如lack confidence。 shortage:仅作名词，指“数量上的短缺”，如energy shortage。 同义替换： shortage,deficiency 例句： His failure was due to a lack of preparation. 真题链接：（沪教版高中必修第二册期中复习题） Many young people leave the village because of of job opportunities. A.lack B.plenty C.number (答案：A) 高中必修第二册沪教版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及同义替换 5.professional /pra'fe∫anl/adj.专y业的：职业的 词义辨析： professional:强调“职业的、专业水准的”，形容人时指“从事专业工作的”，如professional player。 expert:侧重“精通某领域的专家”，名词，如an expert in physics。. 同义替换： specialized,skilled 例句： She received professional training in computer science. 真题链接：（沪教版高中必修第二册同步练习） As a teacher,he knows how to inspire students'interest in learning A.professional B.amateur C.common (答案：A) 6.false /f:Is/adj.错误的：不真实的 词义辨析： false:指“与事实不符，虚假的”，可形容信息、借口等，如false information。 wrong:侧重“不正确的，错误的”，应用范围更广，如wrong answer。. 同义替换： incorrect,untrue 例句： He gave a false excuse for being late. 真题链接：（沪教版高中必修第二册单元测试） It is illegal to spread news on the Internet. A.false B.true C.correct (答案：A) 7.setback/'setbaek/n.挫折；阻碍 词义辨析： setback:指“进展中的暂时挫折或阻碍”，如a major setback in the project。. failure:强调“失败的结果或人”，如business failure。 同义替换： defeat,obstacle 例句： The team faced many setbacks but finally achieved their goal. 真题链接：（沪教版高中必修第二册期末复习题） Despite the in his research,he never gave up. A.setback B.success C.progress (答案：A) 8.permanent/'p3mnnt/adj.永久的：永恒的 高中必修第二册沪教版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及同义替换 词义辨析： permanent: 形容词，指“长期不变的，永久的”，如permanent address。 temporary:形容词，“临时的”，反义词，如temporary job。 同义替换： lasting,eternal 例句： This decision will have a permanent impact on our future 真题链接：（沪教版高中必修第二册同步练习） They are looking for a solution to the environmental problem. A.permanent B.temporary C.short-term (答案：A) 9.in addition除…以外（还） 词义辨析： in addition:强调“补充说明，此外还有”，单独使用时后接逗号。 besides:介词，“除…之外（包括在内）”，如Besides English,.he studies French. 同义替换： moreover,furthermore 例句： In addition,the project requires more financial support. 真题链接：（沪教版高中必修第二册阅读理解题） good grades,she also won several science competitions. A.In addition to B.Except( C.But for (答案：A) l0.realistic/ri:'listrk/adj.现实的：实事求是的 词义辨析： realistic:指“符合实际的，务实的”，如realistic goals。 practical:侧重“实用的，可行的”，如practical advice。 同义替换： practical,down-to-earth 例句： It's important to set realistic expectations for yourself. 真题链接：（沪教版高中必修第二册写作题） We need to take measures to solve the problem. A.realistic B.ideal C.perfect (答案：A) 11.literature/'lrtratfa()/n.文学；文学作品 词义辨析： literature:指“文学作品的总称”，或“某领域的文献”，如English literature。. fiction:侧重“小说类虚构作品”，反义词non-fiction。 4 高中必修第二册沪教版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及同义替换 同义替换： writing,works 例句： She majors in comparative literature at university. 真题链接：（沪教版高中必修第二册单元测试） includes novels,poems and plays that are considered to have artistic value. A.Literature B.Science C.History(答案：A) l2.failure/ferlja()/n.失败的人/事物：失败 词义辨析： failure:指“未达到目标的失败”，或“失败的人/事”，如a failure in business。. defeat:侧重“被打败，受挫”，如suffer a defeat。 同义替换： defeat,breakdown 例句： His experiment ended in failure,but he learned a lot. 真题链接：（沪教版高中必修第二册完形填空） Instead of fearing,he sees it as a chance to improve A.failure B.success C.challenge (答案：A) 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.The local government is trying to solve the of medical supplies in rural areas. A.plenty B.shortage C.number 2.Her contributions to environmental protection have been recognized by the whole country. A.outstanding B.common C.ordinary 3.All passengers are requested their seat belts before the plane takes off. A.not fasten B.to fasten 5 高中必修第二册沪教版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及同义替换 C.fastening 4.Many students drop out of school due to of financial support from their families. A.lack B.plenty C.number 5.Asa engineer,he has designed more than 20 bridges in his career A.professional B.amateur C.common 6.It is immoral to spread information about others on social media A.false B.true C.correct 7.The team didn't give up even after suffering a major in the final match A.setback B.success C.progress 8.They are looking for a solution to the problem of water pollution. A.permanent B.temporary C.short-term 9 reading books,he also enjoys playing musical instruments in his free time. A.In addition to B.Except C.But for 10.We need to set goals instead of dreaming of impossible achievements A.realistic B.ideal C.perfect 二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The country is facing a serious (短缺)of fresh water this year 2.Yuan Longping made (杰出的)contributions to world food security.. 3.The company received a (请求)for a meeting with its new partners. 6 高中必修第二册沪教版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及同义替换 4.His failure was due to a (缺乏)of preparation and experience, 5.She received (专y业的)training in computer programming last year. 6.Spreading (虚假的)news on the Internet is against the law. 7.The project suffered a major (挫折)when the main funder withdrew. 8.They decided to move to a new city and find a_ (永久的)home there. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The (short)of skilled workers has become a big problem for local factories. 2.She is one of the most(outstand)scientists in the field of biology. 3.The manager_ (request)all employees to attend the meeting on time yesterday. 4.He was criticized for his (lack)of responsibility in the project 5.The(profession)athletes spent hours training every day to win the competition. 四、完成句子（每空一词) 1.这个地区因缺乏雨水而面临严重的粮食短缺。 The area is facing a serious grain due to lack of rain. 2.除了英语，他还擅长数学和物理。 English,he is also good at math and physics. 3.我们需要采取现实的措施来解决这个问题。 We need to take to solve the problem. 4.尽管遇到了很多挫折，他仍然坚持自己的研究。 Despite many he still stuck to his research. 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 7 高中必修第二册沪教版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及同义替换 In recent years,many cities have been facing a. (1.shortage/lack)of clean water.This problem has caused great trouble to people's daily life.To solve it,the government has made(2.out- standing/excellent)efforts,such as building new water treatment plants and promoting water-saving habits. A group of (3.professional/expert)engineers was invited to design a(4.perma- nent/temporary)solution.They suggested developing new technologies to recycle waste water.In addition,they(5.request/require)citizens to reduce water use in daily life. Though there were some(6.setbacks/failures)in the process,the project finally succeeded. Now,the city's water supply has improved,and people no longer need to worry about water (7.shortage/lack). 参考答案 I单项选择 1.B2.A 3B4.A5.A6.A7.A8.A9.A10.A Ⅱ.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.shortage 2.outstanding 3.request 4.lack 5.professional 6.false 7.setback 8.perma- nent L.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.shortage 2.outstanding 3.requested 4.lack 5.professional V.完成句子 1.shortage of 2.In addition to 3.realistic measures 4.setbacks V.语篇填空 1.shortage 2.outstanding 3.professional 4.permanent 5.requested 6.setbacks 7.short- age P