Unit 4 Achievements-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修二（沪教版）

Unit 4 Achievements 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 女同步语法一：动词不定式作状语 女同步语法二：同根名词与形容词(Nouns and adjectives with the same root). 语法精讲精练 (一)基本定义 动词不定式(todo)是非谓语动词的一种。在句中作状语时，主要修饰动词或整个句子，用来 表达动作的目的、结果、原因等逻辑关系。不定式作状语是高考语法填空、短文改错、写作中 高频考点，尤其以目的状语和结果状语最为常见。 (二)核心用法与功能 状语类型 核心含义 典型句式标志词 例句 1.He got up early to 表示“为 catch the first bus.2.To to do in order to do 目的状语（最核 了.”， 说明 so as to do (so as improve his English,he 心) 动作发生的目 t0不用于句首) reads aloud every day.3. 的 She left early so as not to miss the train. 1.He hurried to the 表示“结 station,only to find the only to do enough 结果状语 果.…”，常带 train had left.2.The boy is 感情色彩或意 to do too...to do/ old enough to go to 想不到的结果 so...as to do school.3.The box is too heavy for me to carry. 表示“因 be+adj.+todo(常 为”，常放 见adj:happy,sorry,. 1.I am sorry to hear the 原因状语 在形容词后说 glad,proud, bad news.2.She was 明产生情感的 disappointed, shocked to see the mess. 原因 shocked等) To be honest,I don't like 条件状语（较少 表示“如 the plan.(If I am todo=f引导的条件从 见，高考偶尔考 果.”，相当 句（常用在虚拟或假设 honest,...)To hear him 查) 于一个条件从 talk,you would take him 语境) 句 for a genius.(If you heard him talk,...) (三)核心含义区分（易错点） 1.目的状语Vs结果状语 目的状语：动作是有意为之，常可转换为in order to/so as to。 ②例句：I went there to visit my friend.(为了看望) 结果状语：动作常出乎意料，前面常有only。 Q例句：He rushed to the office,only to find it locked.(结果却发现.…) 2.原因状语Vs目的状语 原因状语：不定式在情感形容词后，说明情感产生的原因。 Q例句：1 am glad to see you.(因为见到你而高兴) 目的状语：不定式修饰动词，说明动作目的。 O例句：I went to the airport to see him off.(为了送他) 3.形容词后的不定式作状语（特殊结构） 当主语是不定式的逻辑宾语时，不定式用主动形式表被动含义。 g例句：The problem is easy to solve,(=to solve the problem,虽然 problem是sove的宾语，但用主动) The article is hard to understand.(to understand the article) (四)不定式作状语Vs分词作状语（高考必考点） 比较项目 不定式(todo) 现在分词(doing) 过去分词(done) 逻辑关系 表目的、结果、原因 表主动、进行（伴 表被动、完成 (常指未来或未发生) 随、原因、结果等) 通常发生在谓语动词 通常与谓语同时或进 通常发生在谓语之前（完 时间含义 之后（未来） 行 成) He stopped to He stopped He sat there,surprised 典型例句 smoke.(停下来去 smoking.(停止抽 at the 抽烟) 烟) news.(被动状态) 4,不定式作目的状语与现在分词作伴随状语易混 g例句：He opened the door to let the cat out..(目的) He stood there waiting for the bus.(伴随) 5.only to do表示出乎意料的结果 g例句：The train arrived late,only to make the passengers angry..(结果意 外) The train arrived late,making the passengers angry.(结果自然) (五)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.不定式作目的状语的位置与句式变换 O例句：To pass the exam,you have to work hard, 变换：You have to work hard to pass the exam. 否定：He left early so as not to be caught in the rain. 2.不定式作结果状语的标志词 1:The man was foolish enough to believe her. 例句2：She was too tired to continue 例句3：He hurried home,only to find his door locked. 3.不定式作原因状语（形容词后） ②例句l:I am proud to be a Chinese. 例句2：We were disappointed to learn that the match was cancelled. 4.不定式的逻辑主语与主动表被动 例句l：The question is difficult to answer.(主动形式表被动意义) 例句2：The water is not fit to drink. 5.不定式与定语从句转换成状语 例句：He saved money to buy a car.=He saved money so that he could buy a car. 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The teacher spoke louder everyone in the back row could hear clearly. A.so as to B.in order that C.so that D.in order to 2.He hurried to the airport, that his flight had been cancelled. A.only to learn B.learning only C.only learning D.to only learn 3. the project on time,the team worked overtime every day. A.Completing B.Having completed C.To complete D.Completed 4.The little girl was to speak in front of the whole class. A.too shy B.shy enough C.so shy as D.such shy as 5.I am writing for the position of sales manager advertised in yesterday's newspaper. A.to apply B.applying C.applied D.having applied 6.The woman was to hear that her son had won the first prize A.too excited B.excited enough C.so excited as D.very excited 7.He opened the window some fresh air into the room. A.to let B.letting C.let D.having let 8. the truth,I don't think his plan is practical. A.Telling B.To tell C.Told D.Having told 9.The problem is not easy so we need more time to discuss it. A.solving B.to solve C.solved D.to be solved 10.The old man was seen the street when a truck came around the corner. A.crossing B.cross C.to cross D.crossed (二)用所给动词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的不定式或其他非谓语形式填空。 1.She was very sad (hear)the news of her grandmother's death 2. (get)the best result,you should practise speaking English every day. 3.The boy rushed out of the classroom,_ (leave)his schoolbag behind. 4.He was so tired that he didn't have enough energy_(climb)the mountain. 5.The government has taken measures (reduce)the pollution in the city 6.I am writing this letter (express)my sincere thanks for your help. 7.He spoke too quickly (understand),so many students felt confused. 8. (tell)you the truth,I don't like the design at all. (三)篇章语法填空（12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的适当形式（不定式、分词等）。 The other day,I was invited 1 (attend)a lecture on environmental protection.2. (raise)public awareness,the speaker used many shocking pictures.He showed us a photo of a forest destroyed by logging,3. (cause)many animals to lose their homes.The audience were shocked 4. (see)such destruction. Some people are working hard 5._ (save)the endangered species,but they are still not enough.We must be responsible enough 6. (take)action immediately.7. (protect)our planet,every small step counts.For instance,we should avoid 8. (use)plastic bags and choose 9. (recycle)products instead. Last week,my classmates and I went to the beach 10. (clean)up the rubbish.We were happy 11. (make)a contribution to the environment. The beach looked much nicer after our work.12. (see)the result,we felt proud of ourselves. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.A;3.C;4.A;5.A;6.B;7.A;8.B;9.B;10.C 选择 (二)用所 给动词的适 1.to hear;2.To get 3.leaving 4.to climb 5.to reduce 6.to 当形式填空 express 7.to be understood 8.To tell (三)篇章 1.to attend 2.To raise 3.causing 4.to see;5.to save 6.to take 7.To protect 8.using 9.recycled 10.to clean 11.to make 语法填空 12.Seeing 章 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 同根名词与形容词是指由同一词根派生而来、含义紧密相关但词性不同的两类词。名词表 示“事物、概念、人或性质”，形容词则描述“特征、状态或属性”。掌握同根词之间的转换 规律，是高考英语词汇运用、语法填空和写作提分的关键。 (二)核心构成方式与词缀规律 同根名词与形容词的转换主要依靠后缀。以下表格列出高中阶段最常见的五类转换模式， 请重点记忆： 转换方向 典型后缀 名词→形容词示例 翻译 名词→形容 -ful(充满..…的) beauty→beautiful 美丽→美丽的 词 -less(缺少...的) hope→hopeless 希望→无望的 -ous (具有..的) danger→dangerous 危险→危险的 民族；国家→国家 -al（与..…有关的) nation→national 的 -ive(有..倾向的) act→active 行动→积极的 -y dirt→dirty 污垢→脏的 (多的；似…的) 形容词→名 -ness(状态/性质) 善良的→善良 词 kind→kindness -ity(性质状态) possible possibility 可能的→可能性 -dom(领域/状态) free→freedom 自由的→自由 th(抽象性质) long→length 长的→长度 different→ -ence/-ance 不同的→差异 difference ★高考特别提示：部分单词的名词与形容词形式相同（如present既可作“礼物/现在'” 名词，也可作“在场的”形容词)，需结合语境判断词性。 (三)核心用法与区别 1.同根名词与形容词的句法功能差异 名词：可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语，可用冠词/形容词修饰，有单复数变化。 例：Success comes from hard work.(主语)；He is a man of great wisdom. (介词宾语) 形容词：可作定语、表语、补足语，无单复数变化，可被副词修饰。例：She gave a successful speech.(定语)；The plan is impractical..(表语) 2.易混淆同根词辨析（高考高频考点） 以下五组词是高考语法填空和完形填空中的“陷阱”，注意含义侧重不同： 名词 形容词 辨析要点 imagination(想 imaginative(富有想象力的)/ imaginative强调能力； 象力) imaginary(虚构的) imaginary强调非真实 economy economic(经济上的)/ economic指与经济相关的； (经济) economical(节约的) economical指节省的 political(政治的)/politic(明 political?常见；politic为高级 politics(政治) 智的/策略的) 词汇，表示考虑周全 industry (（工业； industrial（工业的)/ industrial指产业； 勤奋) industrious(勤奋的) industrious:指人勤劳 respectable(值得尊敬的)/ respectable:指被尊敬； respect (尊重) respectful(表示尊敬的) respectful指对人尊敬 3.写作高频搭配（教辅常考点） 形容词+名词：significant influence(显著影响)、environmental issue(环 境问题) 动词+名词：gain confidence(获得信心)、take responsibility(承担责任) 系动词+形容词：remain optimistic(保持乐观)、become prosperous(变得 繁荣) (四)高考核心考点总结 1.词形转换：在语法填空、短文改错中，根据句意将括号内单词变为正确词性（名词或 形容词)。 例：The (create)of this new app has changed our life.-creation (名词作主语) 例：He is a (create)designer.→creative(形容词作定语) 2根据语境辨析同根词：同时给出名词和形容词选项时，通过句法功能（主语需名词、 定语需形容词)和逻辑含义(“有想象力的"Vs“虚构的")排除干扰项。 例：The power of children is amazing.→选imaginative(表示能 力，而非虚构) 3.不规则派生词：部分名词→形容词的变化无固定规律，需单独记忆。 例：glory→glorious(非gloryous)、courage→courageous(去掉e加ous)、 anxiety→anxious(非anxietyous) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The new policy has brought about great in the field of education. A.changeable B.changes C.changing D.changed 2.To be a good teacher,you need both professional knowledge and A.patient B.patience C.patiently D.impatient 3.The _of the old building took almost two years,and now it looks splendid. A.restore B.restored C.restoration D.restorative 4.Many young people are__ about the future despite the current difficulties. A.optimism B.optimist C.optimistic D.optimistically 5.The scientist made a discovery that shocked the whole world. A.revolutionize B.revolutionary C.revolution D.revolutionist 6.It is for a teacher to be strict with students,but not too harsh. A.necessity B.necessary C.necessarily D.necessities 7.The of the new method lies in its simplicity and efficiency. A.strong B.strength C.strengthen D.strongly 8.Our school is famous for its environment,and many trees are planted every year. A.ecology B.ecological C.ecologically D.ecologist 9.His to solve the problem impressed everyone in the team A.determined B.determination C.determine D.determinately 10.The of the mountain made the climbing extremely challenging. A.high B.height C.highly D.heighten (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内单词的正确形式（名词或形容词）填空。 1.The (pollute)of this river has become a serious problem for the local residents. 2.She is a woman of great (wise),and her advice is always helpful. 3.The new technology is (environment)friendly and reduces carbon emissions. 4.After years of hard work,he finally achieved his (ambitious)of becoming a CEO. 5.The doctor's_(care)examination prevented the disease from getting worse. 6.Many students feel (anxiety)before the College Entrance Examination. 7.The (electricity)system of the building needs to be upgraded immediately. 8.It is (reason)to ask for a fee for such a service,since it costs time and labor. (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给单词的正确形式。 The 1. (create)of artificial intelligence(Al)has brought both opportunities and challenges.Al technology has made 2. (significant) contributions to many fields,including medicine,transportation,and education.However,its rapid 3.(develop)also raises concerns about job 4.(lose)and data privacy. One of the most 5.(impress)applications of Al is in healthcare,where it helps doctors make 6.(accurately)diagnoses.For example,Al systems can detect early signs of diseases that might be missed by human eyes.This 7. (able)doctors to provide timely treatment and improve patients'8. (survive)rates. Despite these 9. (benefit),we must remain 10. (caution) about the risks.The 11. (secure)of personal data is a major issue and strict 12. (regulate)are needed to ensure Al is used ethically. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 选择 1.B;2.B;3.C;4.C;5.B;6.B;7.B;8.B;9.B;10.B (二)用所 给词的适当 1.pollution 2.wisdom 3.environmentally 4.ambition 5 careful 6.anxious 7.electrical 8.reasonable 形式填空 (三)篇章 1.creation 2.significant 3.development 4.loss 5. 语法填空 impressive 6.accurate 7.enables 8.survival 9.benefits 10.cautious 11.security 12.regulations