Unit 4 Achievements一-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲必修第二册（沪教版）

高中必修第二册沪教版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 精讲专版 Unit4】Achievements 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、 全部单元单词 brick /brik/n.砖；砖块 sharp /fa:p/adj.锋利的：锐利的intelligent/m'teld3nt/adj.(生 gain/gem/n.好处；利益；改进 skin/skm/n.皮：皮肤 物)有智力的：聪明的 attract/A'traekt//V.使感兴趣；吸 strength/stren0/n.体力：力气：struggle/'stragl/v.搏斗：挣扎： 引：使喜爱 力量 奋斗：努力 shark/ak/n.鲨鱼 wra即ep/v.用…缠绕：包，sik/sk/v.下沉 target'ta:gtn.(攻击的)目裹（某物） ahead /a'hed/adv.(时空)向前 标：指标 bleed /bli:d/v.流血；失血 面：在前面 approach/A'prautf v.(时空上)1 bite/bait/v.咬 maintain/mem'ten/v.维持；保 靠近；接近n.方法 defeat/d'fi:t/n.失败v.击败：战持；固执己见 attack /a'tek/v.袭击：攻击n.胜 袭击；攻击 destroy/dr'strr/v.摧毁 词义辨析及同义替换 1.attack/归'tek/v.袭击：攻击n.袭击：攻击 词义辨析： tack:既可作动词也可作名词，侧重'主动进攻、袭击”，对象可以是人、动物或抽象事物（如 问题、疾病)。 assault::语气更强，强调”猛烈、突然的攻击”，多用于法律或正式语境。 同义替换： assault,strike 例句： The soldiers attacked the enemy camp at dawn. 真题链接：（沪教版高中必修第二册同步练习） The shark may_humans when it mistakes them for seals. A.protect B.attack 高中必修第二册沪教版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 C.ignore (答案：B) 2. approach/prat∫v.(时空上)靠近：接近n.方法 词义辨析： approach作动词：侧重”逐渐靠近”，指在空间或时间上接近某人或某物。 approach作名词：意为'方法、途径”，强调解决问题的思路或步骤，后接to(doing)sth。 method:指”系统的、有条理的方法”，侧重步骤性和科学性。 同义替换： near (v.),method (n.) 例句： As we approached the village,we saw a group of children playing.(v. We need a new approach to solving this problem.(n. 真题链接：（沪教版高中必修第二册单元测试） What's your_to learning English? A.approach B.result C.problem (答案：A) 3.strength/ste则0/n.体力：力气：力量 词义辨析： strength:指”体力、力量”，也可指抽象的”实力、优势”，是名词。 power:侧重权力、能力、动力”，可指自然力、电力或影响力。 foce:强调”武力、暴力”，也可指物理学中的”力”。 同义替换： power,energy 例句： He lifted the heavy box with all his strength. 真题链接：（沪教版高中必修第二册同步练习） The team's greatest_is their strong teamwork. A.strength B.weakness C.difficulty (答案：A) 4.defeat/d'fit/n.失败v.击败；战胜 词义辨析： defeat作动词：意为”击败、战胜”，宾语通常是对手或敌人。 高中必修第二册沪教版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 defeat作名词：指”失败'，是不可数名词，强调被打败的状态。 beat:也可表示”打败”，但更口语化，宾语多为具体的人或队伍。 同义替换： beat (v.),failure (n.) 例句： Our team defeated the champions last year.(v. The army suffered a heavy defeat in the battle.(n.) 真题链接：（沪教版高中必修第二册阶段测试） After several tries,he finally_the enemy and won the war. A.defeated B.protected C.joined (答案：A) 5.destroy/d'stro/v.摧毁 词义辨析： destroy:强调·彻底破坏，使其无法修复”，程度较重。 damage:指”部分损坏，可能修复”，常与to搭配 un:侧重'因长期破坏而导致毁灭或破产”，可指抽象事物（如希望、名誉）。 同义替换： ruin,demolish 例句： The earthquake destroyed many houses in the city. 真题链接：（沪教版高中必修第二册同步练习） The storm the small village,leaving nothing but ruins. A.damaged B.destroyed C.built (答案：B) 6.maintain/mem'tem/v.维持：保持：固执己见 词义辨析： maintain:指”维持、保持”某种状态或关系，也可指”坚持（意见）”。 keep:含义更广，侧重”使继续处于某种状态”，后接形容词或介词短语。 preserve:强调'保护、保存'，使事物不受破坏或变质。 同义替换： keep,preserve 例句： We need to maintain friendly relations with our neighbors. 3 高中必修第二册沪教版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 真题链接：（沪教版高中必修第二册单元测试） It's important to_a healthy diet and regular exercise. A.maintain B.lose C.waste (答案：A) 7.sik/sklv.下沉 词义辨析： sink:指”（船、物体等）下沉”，是不及物动词，过去式为sank,过去分词为sunk。 dowm:意为”淹死、淹没”，主语通常是人或动物，强调因水而死亡。 同义替换： go down,submerge 例句： The ship hit an iceberg and began to sink. 真题链接：（沪教版高中必修第二册阅读训练） If a ship passengers should put on life jackets and get into lifeboats quickly. A.sinks B.flies C.runs (答案：A) 8.intelligent/m'teld3ant/adj.(生物)有智力的；聪明的 词义辨析： intelligent:指’有智力的、聪明的'，强调理解能力和学习能力强，适用于人或动物。 clever:侧重'机敏的、灵巧的”，口语中常用，可指人或动物反应快。 wis:意为”明智的”，强调有远见、判断力强，多用于形容人。 同义替换： clever,smart 例句： Dolphins are considered one of the most intelligent animals in the world. 真题链接：（沪教版高中必修第二册词汇练习） She is an student who always gets good grades. A.lazy B.intelligent C.careless (答案：B) 9.struggle/'stragl/v.搏斗；挣扎：奋斗：努力 高中必修第二册沪教版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 词义辨析： struggle:指”搏斗、挣扎”，也可指”努力做某事”，常与against/with或to do sth搭配。 fgt:强调”战斗、打斗”，可指具体的肢体冲突或抽象的斗争（如与疾病、困难)。 同义替换： fight,strive 例句： He struggled to climb up the steep mountain 真题链接：（沪教版高中必修第二册完形填空） We must_against poverty and improve people's living conditions. A.struggle B.play C.work (答案：A) l0.gain/gen/n.好处：利益；改进 词义辨析： gain:指”获得的好处、利益”，也可指”进步、改进”，是名词：作动词时意为”获得、赢得”。 benefit:侧重”益处、福利'，指对健康、生活等有好处，可作名词或动词。 同义替换： benefit,profit 例句： Regular exercise has many gains for both body and mind. 真题链接：（沪教版高中必修第二册语法填空） What do you hope tofrom this course? (答案：gain) l1.target/ta:gt/n.（攻击的)目标：指标 词义辨析： target:指”攻击目标、指标”，强调被瞄准的对象或计划达成的目标。 go:意为”目标、目的”，侧重个人或团队长期追求的理想或结果。 aim:指”目的、意图”，侧重短期的、具体的打算，也可指武器的”瞄准”。 同义替换： goal,aim 例句： The company has set a target of increasing sales by 20%this year 真题链接：（沪教版高中必修第二册单元测试） Ouris to finish the project before the end of the month. A.target 高中必修第二册沪教版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 B.game C.rule (答案：A) 12.sharp /fa:p/adj.锋利的：锐利的 词义辨析： shap:指”锋利的、锐利的”，形容刀、剑等有尖刃，也可指”敏锐的”（如目光、思维）。 keen:侧重'敏锐的、强烈的'，指感官或智力上的敏捷，如keen eyesight(敏锐的视力)。 同义替换： keen,pointed 例句： Be careful!The knife is very sharp 真题链接：（沪教版高中必修第二册同步练习） Aknife can cut vegetables quickly and easily. A.blunt B.sharp C.soft (答案：B) 13.attract'traekt//v.使感兴趣；吸引：使喜爱 词义辨析： attract:指”吸引、引起兴趣”，强调通过某种特质或魅力吸引他人，常用搭配attract sb/sth to sth。 draw:侧重”吸引注意力”，语气较温和，常用draw one's attention to sth。 同义替换： draw,appeal to 例句： The beautiful scenery attracted many tourists to the small town. 真题链接：（沪教版高中必修第二册阅读填空） Her smile_everyone around her (答案：attracted) 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.The enemy planned tothe village at midnight,but our soldiers stopped them in time. 6 高中必修第二册沪教版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 A.attack B.protect C.ignore 2.Our school has a new_to teaching math,which makes the subject more interesting. A.method B.approach C.result 3.The team's biggestis their ability to work together under pressure. A.strength B.weakness C.difficulty 4.After a long battle,our army finally the enemy and took control of the city. A.defeated B.joined C.protected 5.The fire the entire building,leaving nothing but ashes. A.damaged B.destroyed C.built 6.It's important toa positive attitude towards life,especially when facing challenges. A.maintain B.lose C.waste 7.If a shippassengers should stay calm and follow the crew's instructions A.sinks B.flies C.runs 8.Dolphins are known as one of the most__animals,able to learn complex tasks quickly. A.lazy B.intelligent C.careless 9.We must_against climate change to protect our planet for future generations A.struggle B.play C.work > 高中必修第二册沪教版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 10.The company set a_of reducing waste by 30%within a year. A.target B.game C.rule 二、根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.The thief tried to a the old lady,but she fought back bravely. 2.As we a the airport,we saw many people waiting outside. 3.Regular exercise can improve both physical and mental s 4.The team suffered a heavy d in the final match,but they didn't give up. 5.The storm dseveral houses in the village,forcing people to move to shelters. 6.My grandparents ma healthy lifestyle by eating well and exercising daily. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The knife is so(sharp)that it can cut through meat easily. 2.Her kind smile(attract)many people to talk to her at the party. 3.He(struggle)to finish the project on time,but he finally succeeded. 4.What do you hope to (gain)from this training course? 5.The cat tried to(wrap)its tail around the toy mouse. 四、完成句子（每空一词） 1.科学家们正在寻找解决这个问题的新方法。 Scientists are looking for a new_solving this problem. 2.她用尽全力举起了那个沉重的箱子。 She lifted the heavy box with all her_ 3.这家公司去年击败了所有竞争对手，成为行业领导者。 The company_all its competitors last year and became the industry leader. 4.我们应该保持与邻国的友好关系。 We should friendly relations with our neighboring countries. 8 高中必修第二册沪教版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Sharks are often feared because people think they will-(attack/assault)humans.However,most sharks do not target people.When they do,it is usually because they mistake humans for seals Sharks have very(sharp/keen)senses,which help them(approach/near)their prey.If a shark -(sinks/swims)too close to shore,it might_(struggle/fight)to find food and accidentally harm humans.To avoid this,experts suggest that swimmers should not wear shiny jewelry,as it can (attract/draw)sharks'attention. 参考答案 I.单项选择 1.A2B3.A4.A5B6.A7.A8B9.A10.A IⅡ.根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.attack 2.approached 3.strength 4.defeat 5.destroyed 6.maintain I用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.sharp 2.attracted 3.struggled 4.gain 5.wrap V.完成句子 1.approach to 2.strength 3.defeated 4.maintain V.语篇填空 1.attack 2.sharp 3.approach 4.swims 5.struggle 6.attract 9