Unit 2 Things that matter三-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲选择性必修第三册（沪教版）

高中沪教版 【核心词汇精讲】 选择性必修第三册 核心词汇 【Unit2】Things that matter 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 loan/loun/n.借出；贷给；被借*colonial /k3 launisl/adj.殖民关键的；至关重要的 出 的：殖民国家的 *ongoing/'Dng3u则/adj.仍在进 reputation/,repju'te/n.名誉；*nonument/'mpnjumant/n.历行的；持续存在的 名声 史遗迹：有历史价值的建筑 joint/d3oInt/ad.联合的；共同 precious/'prefas/adj..珍奇的：珍debate/dr'bet/v.(尤指正式)的 稀的 讨论；辩论 ultimately/'Altimatli/adv.最终； vase/vaz/n.花瓶；装饰瓶 soldier/'swld3r)/n.军人；（尤最后：终归 comparison /kam'paerIsn/n.比指)士兵 frosty/'frpsti/adj.冷淡的：冷若 较：比拟 defeat/d'fit/n.失败：战败；败冰霜的 political /p3'ltk/adj.政治的：北 covered/'kAvad/adj.被雪的 政府的 secure/s'kjoa(r)/adj.安全的：稳justify/d3 Astrfar/V.证明…正 dimension/dar'menn/n.方面；妥的 确（或正当、有理） 侧面：（构成空间的因素）维 critical/kritikl/adj.极重要的；theft/eft/n.偷：偷窃：盗窃罪 词义辨析及同义替换 1. reputation/,repju'ten/n.名誉；名声 词义辨析： reputation:指社会对人或事物的评价，强调长期形成的“名声、声誉”，可用于人或机构，中性 或褒义。 fame:侧重因成就或特点而广为人知的“名气、名望”，程度更深，多含褒义。 同义替换： fame,prestige 例句： The school has a good reputation for academic excellence. 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习） The company has built a solid for quality over the years. 高中沪教版 【核心词汇精讲】 选择性必修第三册 A.reputation B.fame C.name (答案：A) 2.precious/'prefas/adj..珍奇的；珍稀的 词义辨析： precious:强调因稀有、价值高或情感意义而“珍贵的、宝贵的”，如时间、珠宝、回忆等。 valuable:侧重“有价值的、值钱的”，可指物质或非物质价值，如信息、建议等。 同义替换： valuable,priceless 例句： Time is precious,so we should make good use of it. 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册单元测试） These old photos are to my grandmother because they remind her of her youth. A.precious B.expensive C.cheap (答案：A) 3.debate /d'bet/v.(尤指正式)讨论；辩论 词义辨析： debate:指正式场合中双方就观点展开的“辩论、争论”，强调逻辑性和对抗性，可作动词或名 词。 discuss: 侧重“讨论、商议”，指为解决问题交换意见，语气较平和，仅作动词。 同义替换： argue,dispute 例句： The students debated whether cloning should be allowed. 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册期中测试）》 The committee will the new policy at tomorrow's meeting. A.debate B.discuss C.talk(答案：A) 4.defeat/dr'fit/n.失败：战败；败北 词义辨析： defeat:指在竞争、战争或辩论中“被击败、战胜”，作名词时强调“失败”的结果：作动词时 后接对手。 failure:泛指“失败”，可指未达成目标，或人“失败者”，范围更广。 同义替换： loss,overthrow 例句： The team suffered a narrow defeat in the final. 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习） After several he finally succeeded in his experiment. A.defeats B.failures C.losses(答案：B) 高中沪教版 【核心词汇精讲】 选择性必修第三册 5.secure/sr'kja)/adj.安全的：稳妥的 词义辨析： secure:强调“安全的、无危险的”，也可指“稳固的、可靠的”，如工作、关系等。 saf:侧重“无危险的、安全的”，指不受物理伤害或威胁，如环境、物品等。 同义替换： safe,stable 例句： We need to find a secure place to store the documents 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册期末测试） The child felt in her mother's arms during the storm. A.secure B.safe C.steady (答案：A) 6.critical/ktkl/adj.极重要的：关键的：至关重要的 词义辨析： critical:强调“关键的、决定性的”，指对结果起重要作用，也可表示“批评的”。 crucial:侧重“至关重要的、必不可少的”，语气比critical更强，强调“缺其不可”。 同义替换： crucial,vital 例句： This is a critical moment for our company's future. 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册单元练习） Effective communication is to the success of a team project. A.critical B.important C.necessary (答案：A) 7.justify/d3 Astifar/v.证明…正确（或正当、有理） 词义辨析： justify:指通过理由或证据“证明…合理、正当”，后接名词或动名词。 prove:侧重“证明、证实”某事为真，后接名词、形容词或从句。 同义替换： prove,defend 例句： The government must justify its decision to raise taxes 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习） Can you _your absence from the meeting yesterday? A.justify 7B.explain C.excuse(答案：A) 8.theft/eft/n.偷；偷窃：盗窃罪 3 高中沪教版 【核心词汇精讲】 选择性必修第三册 词义辨析： theft:法律术语，指“偷窃行为、盗窃罪”，强调犯罪性质，为不可数名词。 steal:作动词，指“偷、窃取”；其名词形式为stealing(偷窃行为，不可数)或steal(stolen goods, 赃物)。 同义替换： burglary,robbery(注：burglary侧重入室盗窃，robbery侧重暴力抢劫) 例句： The theft of the painting was reported to the police 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册单元测试） He was arrested for after taking money from the shop. A.theft B.steal C.robbery (答案：A) 9.ultimately/'Altmatli/adv.最终；最后；终归 词义辨析： ultimately:强调经过一系列过程或考虑后“最终、归根结底”，侧重结果的必然性。 finally:指在一段时间或顺序后“最后、终于”，侧重时间或顺序的末尾。 同义替换： eventually,finally 例句： Ultimately,we decided to move to the countryside for a quieter life. 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册期末测试） After many delays,the project was_completed in December. A.ultimately B.finally C.at last(答案：A) 10.joint/d3omt/adj.联合的；共同的 词义辨析： joint:强调“联合的、共同的”，指两人或多方合作，如joint effort(共同努力)、joint project(联 合项目)。 common:侧重“普遍的、共有的”，指多人共享或常见的，如common interest(共同兴趣)。 同义替换： shared,collective 例句： The two companies made a joint announcement about the merger. 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习） The team's success was due to their efforts A.joint B.common C.shared (答案：A) 高中沪教版 【核心词汇精讲】 选择性必修第三册 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.The university has a worldwide_ for its research in renewable energy. A.reputation B.fame C.name 2.These family letters areto my mother as they carry memories of her childhood. A.precious B.valuable C.expensive 3.The board will the proposal for the new factory at next week's meeting. A.debate B.discuss C.talk 4.After numerous the scientist finally developed a new vaccine. A.defeats B.failures C.losses 5.The hiker felt in the mountain hut during the heavy snowstorm A.secure B.safe C.steady 6.This discovery isto the development of modern medicine. A.critical B.important C.necessary 7.Can you your decision to quit the job without finding a new one? A.justify B.explain C.excuse 8.He was charged with after stealing jewelry from the store. A.theft 5 高中沪教版 【核心词汇精讲】 选择性必修第三册 B.steal C.robbery 9.After months of preparation,the event was held successfully. A.ultimately B.finally C.at last 10.The two countries signed aagreement to promote cultural exchange. A.joint B.common C.shared 二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The company has built a solid ,_(声誉)for quality over decades. 2.Time is (宝贵的)，so we should not waste it on meaningless things.. 3.The students will (辩论)the topic“Online Education vs..Traditional Education”tomorow. 4.The team' s (in the final game made their fans disappointed. 5.We need to find a(安全的)place to store these confidential files.. 6.This is a (关键的)moment for the success of our project. 7.The government must__(证明…正当)its new policy to the public 8.The police are investigating the()of a valuable painting from the museum. 9. _(最终)，all efforts paid off and the experiment was a success.. 10.The (联合的)efforts of the team led to their victory. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The school'sgood (reputation)attracts students from all over the country. 2.She considers her family photos _(precious)than any expensive jewelry 3.The committee spent hours (debate)the advantages and disadvantages of the plan. 4.After several_ (defeat),he refused to give up and tried again 5.The child felt (secure)when holding his mother's hand in the crowd. 6 高中沪教版 【核心词汇精讲】 选择性必修第三册 6.The CEO emphasized that this step is (critical)to the company's future. 7.You need to(justify)your absence from the important meeting yesterday. 8.The police reported an increase in (theft)cases in the neighborhood. 9 (ultimate),the decision lies with the board of directors. 10.They made a_ _(joint)decision to invest in the new technology. 四、完成句子（每空一词) 1.这所学校以其严格的学术标准而享有良好声誉。 The school strict academic standards. 2.对她来说，这些照片比任何东西都珍贵。 These old photos are anything else to her. 3.专家们正在就环境保护政策展开激烈辩论。 Experts are environmental protection policies. 4.经过多次失败后，他终于实现了梦想。 After he finally achieved his dream. 5.我们必须确保这些文件被存放在一个安全的地方。 We must ensure these documents are stored in 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 A company's(1.reputation/fame)is built over years of consistent quality.For example, GreenTech,a leading environmental firm,has earned a(2.precious/valuable)status in the in- dustry.Last month,its team(3.debated/discussed)a new project to reduce carbon emissions. Despite initial (4.defeats/failures),they persisted and(5.ultimately/finally)succeeded. The CEO stated that teamwork was(6.critical/crucial)to their achievement,as it required (7.joint/common)efforts from all departments.Now,GreenTech's success story is used to (8.justify/prove)the importance of long-term commitment. 参考答案 7 高中沪教版 【核心词汇精讲】 选择性必修第三册 I,单项选择 1.A2.A3.A4B5.A6.A7.A8.A9.A10.A Ⅱ.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.reputation 2.precious 3.debate 4.defeat 5.secure 6.critical 7.justify 8.theft 9.Ultimately 10.joint I用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.reputation 2.more precious 3.debating 4.defeats 5.secure 6.critical 7.justify 8.theft 9.Ultimately 10.joint V.完成句子 1.has a goodreputation for 2.more precious than 3.having a heated debate on 4.many failures 5.a secure place V.语篇填空 1.reputation 2.precious 3.debated 4.failures 5.ultimately 6.critical 7.joint 8.justify 8