Unit 2 Things that matter 三-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲选择性必修第三册（沪教版）

高中沪教版 【选择性必修第三册】 Unit 2 Things that matter 词汇精讲 【Unit2】Things that matter 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 loan1aon/n.借出：贷给：被借的；殖民国家的 行的：持续存在的 出 *monument/mpnjumant/n.历joint/d3nt/ad.联合的；共同 reputation/repju'teIn/n.名誉：史遗迹；有历史价值的建筑 的 名声 debate/dr'bet/v.(尤指正式)ultimately/'Altimatli/adv.最终： precious'prefas/adj.珍奇的；讨论：辩论 最后；终归 珍稀的 soldier/seuld3a(r)/n.军人：（尤frosty/'frpsti/adj.冷淡的：冷若 Vase/va:z/n.花瓶：装饰瓶 指)士兵 冰霜的 comparison /kam'paerisn/n.比defeat/d'fi:t/n.失败；战败；败covered/'kavad/adj.被雪的 较：比拟 北 justify/d3 Astifal/V.证明…正 political /p3'ltrkl/adj.政治的：secure/sI'kjo3r)/ad.安全的：确（或正当、有理） 政府的 稳妥的 theft/0eft/n.偷：偷窃：盗窃罪 dimension/dar'men n/n.方面：critical/'krtk/adj.极重要的： 侧面：（构成空间的因素）维 关键的：至关重要的 *colonial /k3'launisl/adj.殖民*ongoing/Dng3Ur/adj.仍在进 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.reputation/,repju'ten/n.名誉；名声 动词形式：epute（认为，较少用) 形容词形式：reputable(声誉好的) 构词解析：前缀re:表“再次、重复”；词根put:表“思考、计算”；后缀-ation:加在动词后构成 名词，表“行为、过程或结果”。 同类词：education(教育)←-educate(教育)、invitation(邀请)←-invite(邀请) 例句：The school has a good reputation for academic excellence.. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修三同步练习）：This restaurant has built a great(repute)for its delicious seafood..(答案：reputation) 2.political /pa'litikl/adj.政治的：政府的 名词形式：politics(政治) 构词解析：后缀-ca:加在名词后构成形容词，表“与…有关的；具有…性质的”。 1 高中沪教版 【选择性必修第三册】Unit2 Things that matter 同类词：historical(历史的)←-history(历史)、logical(逻辑的)←-logic(逻辑) 例句：The country is facing a political crisis. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修三教材例句）：Political leaders should listen to the voice of the people. 3.critical/kritikl/adj.极重要的：关键的；至关重要的 名词形式：criticism(批评：评论) 动词形式：criticize(批评；评论) 构词解析：后缀-ical:加在名词后构成形容词：-ism构成名词表“行为、状态”；-ize构成动词表 “使…”。 同类词：realize（意识到)←reality(现实)、apologize(道款)←-apology(道款) 例句：This is a critical moment for our team. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修三同步练习）：Teachers often(critical)students who are late for class..(答案：criticize) 4.colonial /k'launial/adj.殖民的：殖民国家的 名词形式：colony(殖民地) 构词解析：后缀-l:加在名词后构成形容词，表“与…有关的”。 同类词：industrial(工业的)←industry(工业)、commercial（商业的)←-commerce(商业) Many African countries gained independence from colonial rule in the 20th century. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修三教材例句）：The museum displays artifacts from the colonial period. 5.ongoing/Dng3Ur四/adj.仍在进行的：持续存在的 动词短语：g0on(继续：进行) 构词解析：前缀on-:表“持续；向前”；词根g0:表“进行”；后缀-ig:构成形容词，表“正在 …的：持续…的”。 同类词：developing(发展中的)←-develop(发展)、boring(无聊的)←-bore(使厌烦) 例句：The project is still ongoing and will be completed next year. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修三同步练习）：The(goon)debate about environmental pro- tection has attracted public attention.(答案：ongoing) 6.justify/'d3AstIfar/v.证明…正确（或正当、有理） 名词形式：justification(正当理由：辩护) 形容词形式：just(公正的：合理的) 构词解析：前缀just-:表“公正：正确”；后缀-fy:加在形容词后构成动词，表“使…成为：使 …化”。 同类词：simplify(简化)←-simple(简单的)、purify(净化)←-pure(纯净的) 例句：He tried to justify his absence from the meeting. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修三同步练习）：There isno_((justify)for his rude behavior..(答 案：justification) 7.theft/eeft/n.偷：偷窃；盗窃罪 动词形式：steal(偷：窃取) 2 高中沪教版 【选择性必修第三册】 Unit 2 Things that matter 构词解析：后缀-h:加在动词后构成名词，表“行为或结果”。 同类词：growth(生长)←-grow(生长)、death(死亡)←-die(死亡) 例句：The police are investigating a theft at the supermarket.. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修三教材例句）：Stealing is a crime,and theft can lead to imprisonment. 8.comparison/km'paerIsn/n.比较：比拟 动词形式：compare(比较；对比) 构词解析：前缀com-:表“共同：一起”；词根par:表“相等”；后缀-ison:构成名词，表“行为 或结果”。 同类词：competition(竞争)←-compete(竞争)、decision(决定)←-decide(决定) 例句：We can make a comparison between the two products. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修三同步练习）：It's difficult to (comparison)the two novels because they are very different.(答案：compare) 9.dimension/dar'menn/n.方面；侧面；（构成空间的因素）维 形容词形式：dimensional(空间的；维度的) 构词解析：前缀di-:表“分开：二”：词根mns:表“测量”；后缀-ion:构成名词，表“行为或结 果”；-al构成形容词。 同类词：measurement(测量)←-measure(测量)、discussion(讨论)←discuss(讨论) 例句：We need to consider all dimensions of the problem. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修三教材例句）：The film explores the emotional dimension of human relationships l0.debate/d'bet/v.(尤指正式)讨论：辩论 名词形式：debate(讨论；辩论) 构词解析：前缀de-:表“向下；完全”；词根bat:表“打；击”；后缀-e:构成动词或名词。 同类词：battle(战斗)、combat(战斗；搏斗) 例句：They debated for hours about the new policy. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修三同步练习）：There will be a(debate)between the two candidates tomorrow.(答案：debate) 11.secure/'kjar)/adj.安全的：稳妥的 名词形式：security(安全：保障) 构词解析：前缀se-:表“分开；离开”；词根cur:表“关心：照料”；后缀-ure:构成名词，表“状 态或行为”。 同类词：failure(失败)一fail(失败)、pressure(压力)-press(按：压) 例句：We need to keep our personal information secure. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修三教材例句）：The government is working to improve national security. l2.defeat/d'fi:t/n.失败；战败：败北 动词形式：defeat(击败：战胜) 3 高中沪教版 【选择性必修第三册】 Unit 2 Things that matter 构词解析：前缀de-:表“相反；向下”；词根fat:表“做：制作”；后缀t:构成名词或动词，表 “行为或结果”。 同类词：create（创造)←-creation(创造)、compete（竞争)←-competition(竞争) 例句：The team suffered a heavy defeat in the final. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修三同步练习）：Our team was__(defeat)by the visiting team yesterday.(答案：defeated) l3.joint/d3nt/adj.联合的：共同的 副词形式：jointly(共同地；联合地) 构词解析：后缀-y:加在形容词后构成副词，表“方式或状态”。 同类词：quickly(快速地)←quick(快速的)、slowly(缓慢地)←-low(缓慢的) 例句：They made a joint decision to start a business. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修三教材例句）：The two companies are working jointly on a new project. 14.ltimately/'Altimatli/av.最终：最后；终归 形容词形式：ultimate(最终的；最后的) 构词解析：后缀-y:加在形容词后构成副词：-te构成形容词，表“具有…性质的”。 同类词：immediately(立即)←-immediate（立即的)、fortunately(幸运地)←-fortunate(幸运的) 例句：Ultimately,we decided to move to the countryside. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修三同步练习）：The (ult 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The company has built a good (名誉)for high-quality products. 2.We need to consider the (政治的)effects of this new policy. 3.This is a (关键的)moment for our team's success. 4.Many countries used to be under__(殖民的)ule 5.The (仍在进行的)project will be finished next month 6.There is no (正当理由)for his bad behavior. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The school has a_ _(repute)for excellent teaching 2.She is interested in (politics)and often reads newspapers. 高中沪教版 【选择性必修第三册】 Unit 2 Things that matter 3.Critics (critical)the government's new plan yesterday. 4.The museum has many(colony)artifacts on display. 5.The (go on)discussion lasted for three hours. 6.Can you (justify)your decision to leave early? 7 (theft)is a serious crime in most countries. 三、完成句子（每空一词） 1.这家餐厅以美味的海鲜闻名。 This restaurant has a good delicious seafood. 2.我们需要从各个 (方面)考虑这个问题。 We need to consider all the problem. 3.他们就这个问题 (辩论)了几个小时。 They the problem for hours. 4.最终，我们决定接受这个提议。 we decided to accept the offer. 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 In today's world,the (politics)situation is becoming more complex.Many countries are fac- ing (critical)challenges,such as environmental problems and economic issues.There is an (ongoing)debate about how to deal with these problems.Some people (debate)that governments should take more action,while others believe individuals also have a role to play.It is (secure)to say that working (joint)is the key to success. (ultimate),only through cooperation can we solve these global problems. 参考答案 I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.reputation 2.political 3.critical 4.colonial 5.ongoing 6.justification Ⅱ用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.reputation 2.politics 3.criticized 4.colonial 5.ongoing 6.justify 7.Theft 5 高中沪教版 【选择性必修第三册】 Unit 2 Things that matter II.完成句子 1.reputation for 2.dimensions of 3.debated about 4.Ultimately V.语篇填空 1.political 2.critical 3.ongoing 4.debate 5.secure 6.jointly 7.Ultimately 6