Unit 4 The senses二-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲选择性必修第一册（沪教版）

高中选择性必修第一册沪教版 【单元精讲】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 单元精讲 【Unit4】The senses 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、 全部单元单词 claim /klemm/v.声称；断言；主injury'nd3arih. (对身体的) elective/I'lektrv/adj.选修的 张：n.声明；宣称 伤害，损伤 expand/k'spaend/v.增加 riddle/rIdl/m.无法解释的情况ankle/'eklm.踝：踝关节 encounter/n'kaonta(r)/w.遭遇： differ/'dfr)w.有点；区别：不warning/w3n/nm.警告；警示遇到 同于 react/ri'ektw.作出反应；回应*impairment/im'peamant/h.缺 dessert/d'z3th.甜点；甜食 panic/'penk/y.惊慌失措：n.恐陷：障碍 combination/,kombI'nen/m.结慌 construct/kn'strAkt/v.修建；建 合体：混合体 bark /ba:k/v.(狗)吠叫 造 rescue/'reskju:h.救援：营救；V.grateful/'getf/ad.感激的 facility /fa'sIlati/n.设施；设备 营救，解救 frequency/'fri:kwansi/n.发生率barrier/'bari(r)/n.屏障：障碍 bury/'beri/v.覆盖；安葬 radiation/,reidi'eln/m.辐射 物 词义辨析及同义替换 1.claim /klemm/w.声称；断言；主张；n.声明；宣称 词义辨析： clam:侧重“公开声明或断言”，可作动词或名词，语气较正式，常用于“声称拥有、主张事实” 等语境，如claim responsibility（承担责任)。 assert:语气更强，指“坚决主张、明确肯定”，强调主观上的坚定态度，如assert one's rights(维 护权利)。 同义替换： assert,declare 例句： The company claimed that their product could solve the problem quickly. 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册同步练习） The scientist that he had found a new way to treat the disease. A.claimed B.refused C.doubted(答案：A) 1 高中选择性必修第一册沪教版 【单元精讲】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 2.differ/'dfar)/w.区别：不同于 词义辨析： differ:强调“在某方面存在差异”，常用搭配differ from（与…不同)、differ in（在…方面 不同)，是不及物动词。 distinguish:侧重“区分、辨别不同事物”，及物动词，常用搭配distinguish A from B(区分A和 B)。 同义替换： vary,diverge 例句： Cultures differ from country to country,so we should respect diversity. 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册单元检测） The two brothers in their interests-one likes sports,and the other prefers music. A.differ B.similar C.same (答案：A) 3.rescue'reskju:/h.救援：营救：V.营救，解救 词义辨析： rescue: 指“从危险、困境中解救”，强调动作的紧急性和目的性，可作名词或动词，如escue workers(救援人员)。 save:含义更广，可指“挽救生命、节省时间/金钱”等，日常用语中更常用，如save a child from drowning(救溺水儿童)。 同义替换： save,liberate 例句： The firefighters managed to rescue three people from the burning building. 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册阅读拓展） The dog the little girl from falling into the river A.rescued B.refused C.ignored (答案：A) 4.injury/'md39rih.(对身体的)伤害，损伤 词义辨析： injury:侧重“身体上的伤害”，常由事故、暴力等导致，可数名词，如a leg injury(腿部受伤)。 wound:多指“刀伤、枪伤等伤口”，也可指“情感上的创伤”，如a bullet wound(枪伤)。 harm:泛指“对人或事物的损害”，不可数名词，如do harm to health（危害健康)。 同义替换： wound,harm,damage 例句： He suffered a serious injury in the car accident and had to stay in hospital 2 高中选择性必修第一册沪教版 【单元精讲】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册词汇运用） The player retired because of a career-ending A.injury B.success C.achievement (答案：A) 5.eact/ri'ektv.作出反应：回应 词义辨析： react:强调“对外部刺激的即时反应”，常用搭配react to(对…反应)、react against(反抗)， 如react to the news(对消息作出反应)。 respond:侧重“通过言语或行动回应”，更正式，常用搭配respond to(回应…)，如respond to a letter(回信)。 同义替换： respond,reply 例句： She reacted angrily to his rude comments. 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册语法填空） How did the audience to the new play? (答案：react) 6.panic/'paenik/v.惊慌失措：n.恐慌 词义辨析： panic:指“突然的、大范围的恐慌”，可作名词或动词，强调情绪的失控，如panic buying(抢 购)。 fear:泛指“害怕、恐惧”，程度较轻，是最常用的词，如fear of heights（恐高)。 同义替换： fear,alarm 例句： There's no need to panic-everything will be all right 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册完形填空） When the fire broke out,people started to and rush out of the building. A.panic B.laugh C.sleep (答案：A) 1. grateful/'grertfl/adj.感激的 词义辨析： grateful:侧重“因他人帮助而感激”，语气较正式，常用搭配be grateful to sb.for sth.(因某事感 谢某人)。 thankful::与grateful含义相近，但更口语化，强调“因摆脱困境而庆幸”，如thankful for small mercies(对小恩小惠心存感激)。 同义替换： thankful,appreciative 3 高中选择性必修第一册沪教版 【单元精讲】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 例句： I'm very grateful to you for your timely help. 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册写作训练） We should be to our parents for their love and care. A.grateful B.angry C.proud (答案：A) 8.expand/ik'spaend/v.增加；扩大 词义辨析： expand:指“在规模、范围、数量上扩大”，可用于具体事物（如公司、领土）或抽象概念（如 知识、词汇量)，如expand business(拓展业务)。 extend:侧重“在时间、空间上延伸”，如extend a deadline(延长截止日期)、extend a road(扩 建道路)。 同义替换： enlarge,increase,extend 例句： The company plans to expand its operations into Europe next year. 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册阅读理解） The city has its subway system to serve more passengers. A.expanded B.reduced C.stopped(答案：A) 9.encounter/n'kaonta(r)/w.遭遇；遇到 词义辨析： encounter: 指“偶然遇见某人或遭遇困难”，正式用语，如encounter an old friend(偶遇老友)、 encounter problems(遇到问题)。 meet:日常用语，泛指“遇见、会面”，如meet a friend at the park（在公园见朋友)。 confront::强调“面对困难、危险或不快的事”，如confront a challenge(面对挑战)。 同义替换： meet,come across,face 例句： She encountered many difficulties when studying abroad 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册完形填空） While hiking,wea group of tourists from Japan. A.encountered B.avoided C.hid (答案：A) 10.construct/kon'strAkt/.修建：建造 词义辨析： construct:指“按计划、系统地建造”，多用于大型建筑、工程等，如construct a bridge（建桥)。 build:最常用词，可指“建造房屋、道路”等，也可指“建立关系、理论”，如build a house(盖 房子)、build trust(建立信任)。 高中选择性必修第一册沪教版 【单元精讲】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 同义替换： build,erect,establish 例句： The workers are constructing a new railway station in the city center 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册词汇运用） It took them two years to the stadium A.construct B.destroy C.ignore (答案：A) 11.barrier/'baeria(r)m.屏障；障碍物 词义辨析： barrier:指“具体的障碍物”（如栅栏、关卡）或“抽象的障碍”（如语言障碍、偏见），如language barrier（语言障碍)。 obstacle:侧重“阻碍前进的困难、障碍”，如overcome obstacles(克服障碍)。 同义替换： obstacle,block,hindrance 例句： Poor communication is a major barrier to understanding between people. 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册阅读理解） Lack of funding is the mainto the project's success A.barrier B.support C.reason(答案：A) 12.daim/lem/v.声称；断言；主张：n.声明：宣称（补充辨析） 词义辨析（补充）： claim作名词时，可与assertion(断言)、statement(陈述)辨析： claim:强调“主观声称，未必有证据”，如a false claim(虚假声明)： assertion:指“坚定的断言”，语气更强，如make an assertion(作出断言)： statement::泛指“书面或口头的陈述”，如a official statement(官方声明)。 例句： The company's claim that the product is "100%safe"has been questioned by experts. 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册阅读理解） The politician's about reducing taxes was not supported by data. A.claim B.promise C.fact(答案：A) 综合演练 5 高中选择性必修第一册沪教版 【单元精讲】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.The company that their new product can improve sleep quality significantly. A.claims B.asserts C.declares 2.Cultures from one another in values and traditions,so cross-cultural communication needs patience. A.differ B.distinguish C.vary 3.Firefighters rushed to the scene and managed tofive children from the burning house A.rescue B.save C.liberate 4.The athlete had to withdraw from the competition due to a serious knee A.injury B.wound C.harm 5.How did the students to the teacher's sudden announcement of a test? A.react B.respond C.reply 6.When the earthquake hit,people in the building started to and run for the exits. A.panic B.fear C.alarm 7.We are deeply to the volunteers for their selfless help during the disaster. A.grateful B.thankful C.appreciative 8.The university plans to its campus by adding two new teaching buildings next year. A.expand B.extend C.enlarge 6 高中选择性必修第一册沪教版 【单元精讲】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 9.While traveling in the mountain,we a group of hikers who were lost and needed directions. A.encountered B.met C.confronted 10.It took the workers three years to the bridge over the river. A.construct B.build C.erect 二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The (made by the advertisement has not been proven by scientific research 2.There is a clear (差异)in性格between the twins-one is outgoing,and the other is quiet.. 3.The government sent a()team to the flood-stricken area immediately 4.He suffered a severe (to his head in the accident and was sent to the hospital. 5.Her quick (反应)to the emergency saved the child's life. 6.The sudden storm caused (恐慌)among the tourists on the beach, 7.She wrote a letter to express her()to the doctor who treated her. 8.The company's()into Asian markets has been very successful 9.We」 (many unexpected difficulties during the project. 10.The (障碍物)on the road caused a traffic jam for hours.. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The scientist (claim)that he had discovered a new planet,but no evidence was provided. 2.These two paintings (differ)greatly in style and color. 3.The rescue workers (manage)to save all the passengers from the sinking ship 4.Smoking can cause serious_ (injure)to the lungs and heart. 5.The audience (react)warmly to the actor's performance with loud applause. 6.Don’t (panic)-we have enough time to finish the task. 7 高中选择性必修第一册沪教版 【单元精讲】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 7.Iam (grateful)to you for your advice on my study. 8.The company(expand)its business to five countries by the end of last year. 9.She (encounter)her old teacher while shopping in the supermarket yesterday. 10.The workers are busy (construct)a new subway line in the city center. 四、完成句子（每空一词) 1.这位政治家声称他将降低税收，但没有提供具体计划。 The politician he would lower taxes,but he didn't provide a specific plan. 2.这两种文化在饮食习惯方面有很大不同。 These two cultures greatly eating habits. 3.救援队从倒塌的建筑物中救出了三名幸存者。 The rescue team three survivors the collapsed building 4.他在事故中腿部受伤，不得不休息三个月。 He a leg in the accident and had to rest for three months. 5.学生们对老师的问题反应积极。 The students to the teacher's questions actively. 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 A recent study shows that people often (claim)to have "super memory"but fail to prove it. In fact,memory abilities(differ)from person to person.Some people can remember details easily,while others struggle.Last month,a group of scientists(encounter)a special case: a woman who could recall almost every day of her life.They were curious and decided to (construct)a research project to study her brain. During the study,the woman's brain showed unusual activity when she remembered past events. However,the scientists warned that her case was rare and not everyone could achieve such memory. They also noted that excessive focus on memory might cause stress and even (injure)to mental health.When asked about her feelings,the woman said she was (grateful)for her ability but sometimes felt overwhelmed by too many memories. The research team hopes their findings will help people understand memory better and avoid (panic)when forgetting things.They plan to(expand)the study to include more participants next year. 8 高中选择性必修第一册沪教版 【单元精讲】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 参考答案 I单项选择 1.A2.A3.A4.A5.A6.A7.A8.A9.A10.A Ⅱ.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.claim 2.difference 3rescue 4.injury 5reaction 6.panic 7.gratitude 8.expansion 9.encountered 10.barrier ⅡL.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.claimed 2.differ 3.managed 4.injuries 5reacted 6.panic 7.grateful 8had ex- panded 9.encountered 10.constructing V.完成句子 1.claimed that 2.differ;in 3.rescued;from 4.suffered;injury 5.reacted actively V.语篇填空 1.claim 2.differ 3.encountered 4.construct 5.injury 6.grateful 7.panicking 8.expand