Unit 3 Conservation Lesson 1-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲选择性必修第一册（北师大版）

高中选修1北师大版 【核心词汇精讲】 词义辨析及综合训练 核心词汇 【Unit3】Conservation Lesson1 词义辨析及综合训练 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 die out消失：绝迹，灭绝 varied/vearid/adj.各种各样的， affect/'fekt/t.影响 species/'spii:z/n.物种，种 形形色色的 be at risk处境危险，受到威胁 wipe /waip/t.擦；拭 asteroid/'estaroid/n.小行星 endangered /m'demd3ad/adj. wipe out彻底毁灭 decrease/d'kis/n.减少；减少危的 unusual/n'ju3ua/adj.异常的：的量；i.&t.减少 solar/'saol/adj.太阳光（能）的 不平常的 blame /bleim/v.责怪，指责 hatch /hatf/vi.&t.(使)孵化 mass /maes/adj.大量的 be to blame(对某事)负有责任restore/rI'sto:/vt.(使)恢复 词义辨析及同义替换 1.die out消失；绝迹，灭绝 词义辨析： die out:.强调物种、习俗、语言等“逐渐消亡、完全灭绝”，主语多为群体或抽象事物。 disappear:泛指“消失，不见”，可指人或物从视线中消失，或事物不复存在，使用范围更广。 同义替换： become extinct,vanish 例句： Many ancient cultures died out because of natural disasters. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修1同步练习） Some rare animals are in danger of if we don't protect them. A.dying out B.disappearing C.losing(答案：A) 2.decrease/d'kui:s/n.减少：减少的量；i.&t.减少 词义辨析： decrease:侧重数量、程度“逐渐减少”，可作及物或不及物动词，也可作名词，反义词为increase。 reduce:强调人为地“减少、降低”，如成本、数量等，及物动词，搭配reduce..to.(减少到… )。 1 高中选修1北师大版 【核心词汇精讲】 词义辨析及综合训练 同义替换： reduce,decline 例句： The number of students in this school has decreased by 20%in the past five years 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修1单元测试） We need to the use of plastic bags to protect the environment. A.decrease B.increase C.raise(答案：A) 3.affect/e'fekt/t.影响 词义辨析： fect:侧重“对…产生影响”，尤指情感、状态或发展过程，动词。 influence:可作动词或名词，指“潜移默化地影响”，强调对人思想、行为的间接作用。 同义替换： influence,impact 例句： Smoking can seriously affect your health 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修1期中试题） The bad weather our plan to have a picnic last weekend. A.affected B.influenced C.attacked (答案：A) 4.blame/blemm/v.责怪，指责：be to blame(对某事)负有责任 词义辨析： blame sb.for sth.:因某事责怪某人，主动结构： be to blame:表示“应受责备”，主动形式表被动含义，主语多为事物或人。 scold:侧重“训斥、责骂”，语气较强，常与for连用。 同义替换： criticize,accuse 例句： Don't blame him for the mistake;he didn't do it on purpose./The driver was to blame for the accident. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修1同步练习） Who is for breaking the window? A.blaming B.to blame C.blamed (答案：B) 5.endangered/m'dend3ad/adj.撷危的 词义辨析： endangered: 指物种因生存环境破坏等“濒临灭绝的”，常作定语修饰species,,animal等。 dangerous:意为“危险的”，指对人或物有威胁，主语多为事物。 同义替换： threatened,at risk 高中选修1北师大版 【核心词汇精讲】 词义辨析及综合训练 例句： Giant pandas are one of the most endangered animals in the world. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修1阅读理解题） The passage mainly talks about how to protect species. A.dangerous B.endangered C.ancient (答案：B) 6.restore /r'sto:/t.(使)恢复 词义辨析： restore:强调“恢复到原来的状态”，如健康、秩序、名誉等，及物动词，搭配restore sth.to. (把某物恢复到…)。 recover: 侧重“身体康复、重新获得”，可作不及物动词(recover from.…)或及物动词(recover sth.)。 同义替换： recover,renew 例句： The doctor used traditional medicine to restore his eyesight. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修1单元测试) It took her a long time to from the illness A.restore B.recover C.return (答案：B) 7. unusual/n'ju:3ual/adj.异常的：不平常的 词义辨析： unusual::指“不常见的、与众不同的”，强调偏离常规，中性词。 uncommon: 意为“罕见的、不普遍的”，侧重稀有性，语气比unusual稍强。 同义替换： uncommon,extraordinary 例句： It's unusual for him to be late for class,he is always on time. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修1同步练习） Her talent in music surprised all the teachers A.usual B.unusual C.common (答案：B) 8.mass /mas/adi.大量的 词义辨析： mass:指“数量庞大的、大规模的”，常修饰可数或不可数名词，如mass production（大规模生 产)。 large::泛指“大的、多的”，修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，使用范围最广。 同义替换： large,massive 高中选修1北师大版 【核心词汇精讲】 词义辨析及综合训练 例句： A mass of people gathered in the square to watch the performance. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修1期末试题） There was a amount of work to do before the project started A.mass B.small C.few(答案：A) 9.varied/'vearid/ad.各种各样的，形形色色的 词义辨析： varied:强调“多样化的、不同种类的”，侧重差异和变化，如varied interests(广泛的兴趣)。 various:意为“各种各样的”，侧重种类繁多，后接可数名词复数。 同义替换： various,diverse 例句： She has a varied collection of stamps from different countries. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修1同步练习) The shop sells kinds of fruits,such as apples,bananas and oranges. A.varied B.same C.single(答案：A) 10.be at risk处境危险，受到威胁 词义辨析： be at risk:指“处于危险状态中”，强调面临风险的可能性，介词at后接isk。 in danger:意为“处于危险中”，语气更强，强调面临即时危险，介词in后接danger。 同义替换： be in danger,be threatened 例句： Wild animals are at risk due to the loss of their habitats. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修1单元测试） These old buildings are of falling down if we don't repair them. A.at risk :B.in safety C.at peace(答案：A) 综合演练 综合练习 单项选择 1.Many traditional customs have over time due to modernization. 4 高中选修1北师大版 【核心词汇精讲】 词义辨析及综合训练 A.died out B.disappeared C.lost 2.The government plans to air pollution by closing down small factories. A.decrease B.increase C.raise 3.Lack of sleep can your ability to concentrate in class. A.affect B.influence C.attack 4.The broken machine is for the delay in production. A.blaming B.to blame C.blamed 5.The zoo is working to protect animals like the Siberian tiger. A.dangerous B.endangered C.ancient 6.It took her three months to from the serious injury. A.restore B.recover C.return 7.Her ideas about art made her stand out among her classmates A.usual B.unusual C.common P deforestation has led to the loss of many wildlife habitats A.Mass B.Small C.Few 9.The museum has a collection of artifacts from different historical periods A.varied B.same C.single 高中选修1北师大版 【核心词汇精讲】 词义辨析及综合训练 10.These rare plants are _of dying if we don't stop destroying their environment. A.at risk B.in safety C.at peace 二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The number of pandas in the wild has (减少)byl0%in the past decade. 2.The noise from the construction site (影响)our study yesterday.. 3.Don't (others for your own mistakes;take responsibility. 4.The WWF is trying to save (濒危的)species around the world. 5.The doctor used special treatment to (恢复)his hearing 6.It's (不平常的)to see snow in this city during summer.. 7.A (大量的)crowd gathered to welcome the returning astronauts. 8.The team has (各种各样的)skills,which helps them solve problems easily.. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The sudden change in temperature (affect)the growth of the crops last month. 2.Who should (blame)for the failure of the project? 3.We need to take action to prevent the species from (die out). 4.The company has(reduce)its carbon emissions by 30%since last year. 5.She was praised for her (usual)courage in facing the challenge. 6.After the storm,workers tried to(restore)order in the affected area. 7 _(mass)production has made electronic devices more affordable. 8.The (vary)of opinions in the meeting led to a heated discussion. 四、完成句子（每空一词） 1.由于栖息地丧失，这种鸟正面临灭绝的危险。 This bird is in danger of because of habitat loss. 6 高中选修1北师大版 【核心词汇精讲】 词义辨析及综合训练 2.政府计划减少塑料的使用以保护环境。 The government plans to the of plastic to protect the environment. 3.他花了很长时间才从这场疾病中康复。 It took him a long time to the illness. 4.不要因迟到而责怪他，交通太拥堵了。 Don't him being late;the traffic was too heavy. 5.这种不寻常的天气影响了今年的农业收成。 The weather this year's agricultural harvest. 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Human activities have greatly changed the natural world.For example,(1) (mass)cutting of trees has caused many forests to disappear,leaving animals(2)(endanger).Some species have even (3) (die out)completely.This has (4)(affect)the balance of ecosystems. People often (5)(blame)industrial development for environmental problems,but everyone shouldrealize they are(6)(to blame)too.To solve these issues,we need to(7) (reduce) waste and protect natural habitats.Only by working together can we(8)(restore)the health of our planet and ensure a(9)(vary)future for all living things.Remember,even small actions can make a difference-don't let our planet be (10)(at risk)of further damage. 参考答案 I.单项选择 1.A2.A3.A4B5.B6B7.B8.A9.A10.A Ⅱ.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.decreased 2.affected 3.blame 4.endangered 5.restore 6.unusual 7.mass 8.varied I.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.affected 2.be blamed 3.dying out 4.reduced 5.unusual 6.restore 7.Mass 8.variety V.完成句子 1.dying;out 2.decrease;use 3.recover;from 4.blame;for 5.unusual;affected V语篇填空 7 高中选修1北师大版 【核心词汇精讲】 词义辨析及综合训练 1.mass 2.endangered 3.died out 4.affected 5.blame 6.to blame 7reduce 8.restore 9.varied 10.at risk 8