Unit 5 Education Lesson 1-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲选择性必修第二册（北师大版）

高中选修2北师大版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及综合训练 精讲专版 【Unit5】Education Lesson1 词义辨析及综合训练 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 enlighten/m'latn/t.启迪；指的 complex/kompleks/adj.复杂的： 导，教导 doll/dolm.玩偶 难以理解的 exceptionally /ik'sepfanali/adv.initially /I'nifali/adv. violet/'varalat/n.紫罗兰 极其，非常 excitement/k'sartmant//h.兴奋，gently/'d3ntli/adv.轻柔地；温 severe/s'vIa/adj.很严重的 激动 和地：平缓地 restriction/rI'strikfn/h.限制，规imitation/,Imr'tenn.模仿，仿 puzzle/'pAzl/vt.使困惑，使迷 定，约束 效 惑 unbearable/n'bearabl/adj.难stream/stri:m/h.水流 apparent/'paerant/adj.显而易 以忍受的：承受不住的 liquid/'likwId/n.液体 见的：明白的 troublesome /'trablsam/adij. precious/'pres/adj.宝贵的 ray /rer/n.(太阳或月亮的)光线 起麻烦的：令人烦恼的 grasp /gra:sp/t.理解，领会 disappointed /disa'pomntid/adj. stubborn/'stAban/adj.固执的，gradual/graed3ual/adj.逐渐的，失望的，沮丧的 执拗的：倔强的 逐步的 abstract/'aebstraekt/adj.抽象的 tendency/'tendansi/n.倾向 painful/'pemnfl/adj.令人痛苦的：concept/'kpnsept/n.概念；想法 superb/su:'p3b/adj.极好的，卓困难的：疼痛的 breakthrough /'brerkOru:/n. 越的 enthusiastic/mqju:zi'estk/adj.破：重大进展 eyesight/'arsart/h.视力 热心的，热衷的 necklace/'neklas/n.项链 relate /r'lert/vi.理解；相联系 vocabulary /va'kaebjalari/n.词汇forehead/'fo:hed/n.额，前额 technique /tek'nik/n.技巧，手法量 ivid/'vIvd/adj.生动的，逼真 straightforward/,streit'fo:wad/adj.expand /ik'spaend/vi.vt.( 简单的，易懂的：诚实的，坦率扩大：增加 词义辨析及同义替换 1.severe/s'vIa/adj.很严重的 词义辨析： severe: 侧重形容程度“严重的、剧烈的”，可用于描述天气、疾病、惩罚等，语气较强。 serious::强调“严肃的、认真的”，也可指“严重的”，但语气较severe稍弱，更侧重事态的重 高中选修2北师大版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及综合训练 要性。 同义替换： serious,grave 例句： The patient is in severe pain and needs immediate treatment 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修2同步练习） The storm caused damage to the village,leaving many houses destroyed. A.severe B.slight C.normal(答案：A) 2.restriction/r'strikfn/n.限制，规定，约束 词义辨析： restriction:指“具体的限制规定或约束”，常与介词on搭配，如restriction on sth.。 limit:既可作名词也可作动词，作名词时侧重“数量、程度或范围的限制”，如age limit(年龄 限制)。 同义替换： limit,constraint 例句： There are strict restrictions on smoking in public places. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修2单元测试） The government has lifted the on foreign trade,allowing more companies to do business abroad. A.restriction B.freedom C.permission (答案：A) 3.grasp/gra:sp/t.理解，领会 词义辨析： grsp:强调“深刻理解、全面掌握”，宾语多为抽象概念（如知识、含义等）。 understand:普通用词，指“明白、理解”，语气较grasp弱，侧重对内容的知晓。 同义替换： comprehend,understand 例句： It took her a long time to grasp the complex theory 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修2期末复习题） After the teacher explained the problem again,most students its meaning finally. A.grasped B.forgot C.ignored(答案：A) 4.gradual/'graed3ual/adj.逐渐的，逐步的 词义辨析： gradual:指“过程缓慢且逐步发生的”，强调变化的连续性。 low:侧重“速度慢的”，既可指动作也可指变化，语气较直接。 2 高中选修2北师大版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及综合训练 同义替换： slow,steady 例句： The company has made a gradual improvement in its profits over the past year 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修2同步练习） The change of the seasons brings different scenery to the mountain A.gradual B.sudden C.rapid(答案：A) 5.expand/k'spaend/wi.&vt.(使)扩大：增加 词义辨析： expand:指“范围、体积、数量等的扩大”，可用于具体事物或抽象概念（如业务、词汇量）。 extend:侧重“长度、时间或空间的延伸”，如extend a road(扩建道路)、extend a deadline(延 长截止日期)。 同义替换： enlarge,increase 例句： Reading widely helps to expand your vocabulary. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修2单元测试） The factory plans to its production to meet the growing market demand. A.expand B.reduce C.stop (答案：A) 6.complex/kpmpleks/adj.复杂的：难以理解的 词义辨析： complex:强调“由多个部分组成的、结构复杂的”，多用于描述系统、问题等。 complicated:.侧重“因错综复杂而难以理解或处理”，语气比complex更强。 同义替换： complicated,intricate 例句： The novel has a complex plot with many characters. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修2期末测试） Solving this math problem requires understanding several steps. A.complex B.simple C.easy(答案：A) 7.apparent/A'parant/adj.显而易见的；明白的 词义辨析： apparent:指“表面上明显的”，可能暗含事实并非如此的意味，也可指“清晰可见的”。 obvious::强调“非常明显、无需解释的”，语气最强，如an obvious mistake(明显的错误)。 同义替换： obvious,clear 高中选修2北师大版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及综合训练 例句： Her disappointment was apparent from her sad expression. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修2同步练习） It is that he has made great progress in his studies this term. A.apparent B.hidden C.unknown (答案：A) 8.breakthrough/'brek0u:h.突破：重大进展 词义辨析： breakthrough:指“在困难或研究中取得的突破性进展”，常与介词in搭配，如breakthrough in science。 progress:普通用词，指“逐步的、持续的进步”，不可数名词，如nake progress。. 同义替换： advance,development 例句： Scientists have made a major breakthrough in the treatment of cancer. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修2单元测试） The research team announced a significant in renewable energy technology. A.breakthrough B.failure C.problem (答案：A) 9.ivid/'vIvid/adj.生动的，逼真的 词义辨析： vivid:侧重“形象鲜明的、栩栩如生的”，可用于描述记忆、描述或色彩等。 lively:指“充满活力的、生动有趣的”，多形容人或场景，如a lively party(热闹的派对)。 同义替换： lively,lifelike 例句： The painter used vivid colors to make the scenery more attractive. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修2同步练习) Her description of the trip made us feel as if we had been there. A.vivid B.boring C.vague (答案：A) l0.enthusiastic/m,0ju:zi'estk/adj.热心的，热衷的 词义辨析： enthusiastic:强调“对某事充满热情和兴趣的”，常与介词about搭配，如be enthusiastic about sth.。 passionate:语气更强，指“强烈热爱的、充满激情的”，如a passionate love（热烈的爱情)。 同义替换： passionate,eager 4 高中选修2北师大版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及综合训练 例句： She is always enthusiastic about helping others with their English 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修2期末复习题） The students were about the new project and actively participated in it. A.enthusiastic B.indifferent C.cam(答案：A) ll.initially /'nIfsli/adv.起初 词义辨析： initially:指“开始时、最初阶段”，强调时间顺序上的起点。 originally:侧重“原本、起初（后来发生变化）”，如The book was originally written in English (这本书原本是用英语写的)。 同义替换： originally,at first 例句： Initially,she was nervous about the speech,but soon she felt confident. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修2单元测试） we planned to go hiking,but later we changed our mind because of the rain A.Initially B.Finally C.Suddenly(答案：A) l2.disappointed/.dhsa'pointid/adj.失望的，沮丧的 词义辨析： disappointed:指“因期望未实现而感到失望的”，主语通常是人，常用搭配be disappointed with sb./sth.. disappointing:指“令人失望的”，主语通常是事物，如a disappointing result(令人失望的结果)。 同义替换： discouraged,upset 例句： He was disappointed when he failed the exam. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修2同步练习） The team felt after losing the final game. A.disappointed B.excited C.proud (答案：A) l3.technique/tek'nik/n.技巧，手法 词义辨析： technique:指“具体的技术、技巧或方法”，尤指艺术、体育等领域的专业技能。 skill:侧重“通过练习获得的能力或技能”，如language skill(语言技能)。 同义替换： skill,method 高中选修2北师大版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及综合训练 例句： The artist developed a unique painting technique. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修2单元测试） To improve your writing,you need to learn some basic of paragraph organization A.techniques B.mistakes C.habits(答案：A) l4.straightforward/,strert'f-:wad/adj.简单的，易懂的：诚实的，坦率的 词义辨析： straightforward:作“简单的”讲时，指“易懂的、不复杂的”；作“诚实的”讲时，指“坦率的、 不拐弯抹角的”。 simple:普通用词，指“结构简单的、容易理解的”，如a simple question(简单的问题)。 同义替换： simple,honest 例句： The instructions are straightforward and easy to follow. 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.The doctor said the patient's condition is__and requires immediate surgery. A.severe B.serious C.slight 2.The new law has put strict_on the use of plastic bags in supermarkets. A.limits B.restrictions C.permissions 3.It took me a whole week to_the main idea of this complex article. A.understand B.grasp C.ignore 4.The city has seen aincrease in population over the past decade,with more people moving in each year. A.gradual 6 高中选修2北师大版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及综合训练 B.sudden C.rapid 5.The company plans to_its business into European markets next year. A.expand B.extend C.reduce 6.Thestructure of the machine makes it difficult for beginners to operate. A.complex B.simple C.straightforward 7.Her joy waswhen she heard she had passed the exam A.apparent B.hidden C.unknown 8.Scientists announced a major_in the research on Alzheimer's disease yesterday. A.progress B.breakthrough C.failure 9.The author'sdescriptions of the ancient city made readers feel like they were walking in its streets. A.vivid B.boring C.vague 10.Students are_about the upcoming science fair and have prepared many creative projects. A.enthusiastic B.indifferent C.calm 二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 l.The storm caused_(严重的)damage to the coastal villages. 2.There are no()on the number of books you can borrow from the library. 3.It's important to()the basic principles before doing the experiment. 4.The_(逐渐的)change of the climate has affected the local ecosystem. 5.The factory needs to()its production line to meet the market demand. 高中选修2北师大版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及综合训练 6.The_(复杂的)problem requires teamwork to solve. 7.The advantage of this method is_(显而易见的)compared with others. 8.The research team made a significant(in renewable energy technology. 9.The artist used_(生a动的)colors to paint the sunset. 10.She is._(热心f的)about volunteering in the community. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The(severe)of the accident surprised everyone in the neighborhood. 2.The government has lifted the trade(restrict)to promote economic growth. 3.After hours of discussion,they finally(grasp)the key points of the plan. 4.The(gradual)improved weather allowed us to continue the outdoor activity. 5.The company's(expand)into Asia has been very successful. 6.The(complex)of the problem made it hard to find a solution quickly. 7.It was(apparent)that he was lying from his nervous expression 8.The scientists celebrated their new(breakthrough)in cancer treatment. 9.The_(vivid)of her memories made the story very touching 10.His(enthusiastic)for learning English inspired his classmates. 四、完成句子（每空一词） 1.这场洪水给当地居民造成了严重的损失。 The flood causedto the local residents. 2.政府对进口商品实施了新的限制。 The government has imposed newimported goods. 3.经过反复解释，他终于理解了这个理论。 After repeated explanations,he finally 4.城市的人口在过去几年里逐渐增长。 The population of the city hasover the past few years. 8 高中选修2北师大版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及综合训练 5.这家公司计划明年扩大生产规模。 The company plans to next year. 6.这个复杂的系统需要专业人员来操作。 This_requires professionals to operate. 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Reading can help us (1)-(expand/extend)our knowledge and understanding of the world.Ini- tially,many students find it difficult to (2)(grasp/understand)complex texts,but with (3) (gradual/slow)practice,they can improve.A(4)(vivid/lively)description in a book can make readers feel like they are part of the story,while an (5)(apparent/obvious)theme often leaves a deep impression.For those(6)(enthusiastic/passionate)about learning,reading is not just a hobby but a way to grow. 参考答案 I.单项选择 1.A2B3B4.A5.A6.A7.A8B 9.A10.A Ⅱ.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.severe 2.restrictions 3.grasp 4.gradual 5.expand 6.complex 7.apparent 8.break- through 9.vivid 10.enthusiastic ⅡI.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.severity 2.restrictions 3.grasped 4.gradually 5.expansion 6.complexity 7.apparent 8.breakthrough 9.vividness 10.enthusiasm V.完成句子 1.severe damage 2.restrictions on 3.grasped the theory 4.grown gradually 5.expand pro- duction scale 6.complex system V.语篇填空 1.expand 2.grasp 3.gradual 4.vivid 5.apparent 6.enthusiastic 9