内容正文:
七年级英语下册Unit3语法讲义
系动词
一、什么是系动词?
在英语中,有些动词后面不能直接跟宾语,也不能单独作谓语,而是要在后面接形容词或名词等,用来补充说明主语的状态或特征。这类动词叫作 系动词。
最常见的系动词是 be(am/is/are/was/were)。例如:
I am a student. (我是学生。)
The sky is blue. (天空是蓝色的。)
除了 be 动词,还有一些感官动词和其他动词也可以用作系动词。
二、感官系动词
感官动词表示通过感官感受到的状态,后面常接形容词作表语。
系动词
含义
例句
feel
摸起来
This bed feels hard.
taste
尝起来
The biscuits taste sweet.
look
看起来
You look tired.
smell
闻起来
The milk smells sour.
sound
听起来
The idea sounds good.
小练习:用合适的感官系动词填空(feel, taste, look, smell, sound)。
1. The soup ________ delicious. I want more.
2. Your hands ________ cold. Put on your gloves.
3. That music ________ beautiful.
4. She ________ happy today.
5. The flowers ________ nice.
三、表示“变化”的系动词
有些系动词表示主语状态的变化,常译为“变得……”。
系动词
含义
例句
get
变得
It was getting very dark.
become
成为,变得
Leaves become yellow in autumn.
go
变得(常指变坏)
The meat goes bad.
例句:
He becomes excited before the match. (比赛前他变得兴奋。)
The weather gets colder and colder. (天气越来越冷。)
Milk goes sour easily in summer. (夏天牛奶容易变酸。)
小练习:用 get, become 或 go 的适当形式填空。
1. In autumn, the leaves ________ yellow.
2. Don’t eat the food. It ________ bad.
3. It ________ dark. Let's go home.
四、表示“保持”的系动词
有些系动词表示主语状态的持续,没有发生变化。
系动词
含义
例句
remain
保持
Her room remains clean and tidy.
例句:
He remains calm in trouble. (遇到麻烦时他保持冷静。)
The shop remains open until 10 pm. (这家店一直营业到晚上10点。)
小练习:用 remain 的适当形式填空。
1. The old man ________ healthy although he is 90.
2. Please ________ quiet in the library.
五、系动词的否定句和疑问句
对于 be 动词,否定和疑问直接在其后加 not 或提到句首:
肯定:She is happy.
否定:She is not happy.
疑问:Is she happy?
对于 其他系动词(feel, taste, look, smell, sound, get, become, go, remain),它们的否定句和疑问句要借助助动词 do/does。
结构:
否定句:主语 + do/does + not + 系动词原形 + 形容词
疑问句:Do/Does + 主语 + 系动词原形 + 形容词?
例句:
The dishes do not smell very nice. (否定)
Does he look worried? (疑问)
The cake does not taste very good. (否定)
Does she get angry? (疑问)
Life does not remain the same. (否定)
小练习:将下列句子改为否定句或疑问句。
1. The soup tastes good. (改为否定句)
→ The soup ________ ________ good.
2. He looks tired. (改为一般疑问句)
→ ________ he ________ tired?
3. They get excited. (改为否定句)
→ They ________ ________ excited.
4. She remains calm. (改为一般疑问句)
→ ________ she ________ calm?
七、配套练习
A. 单项选择
( ) 1. The story _______ interesting.
A. sounds B. sound C. is sound D. are sound
( ) 2. You _______ very happy today.
A. look B. looks C. looking D. are look
( ) 3. The milk _______ sour. Don’t drink it.
A. go B. goes C. is go D. are go
( ) 4. _______ the soup _______ good?
A. Do; taste B. Does; taste C. Is; taste D. Are; taste
( ) 5. In winter, the days _______ shorter and shorter.
A. get B. gets C. getting D. are get
B. 用所给系动词的适当形式填空(注意否定和疑问形式)
1. The flowers ________ (smell) very sweet.
2. This cake ________ (not taste) good. It’s too sweet.
3. ________ he ________ (look) worried?
4. The leaves ________ (become) yellow in autumn.
5. ________ the meat ________ (go) bad?
C. 句型转换
1. The room is clean. (改为一般疑问句)
→ ________ the room ________?
2. The idea sounds great. (改为否定句)
→ The idea ________ ________ great.
3. She feels tired. (改为一般疑问句)
→ ________ she ________ tired?
4. They become quiet. (改为否定句)
→ They ________ ________ quiet.
D. 翻译句子
这音乐听起来很美。
→ The music ________ ________.
天变黑了。
→ It ________ ________.
他看起来不高兴。
→ He ________ ________.
这汤尝起来不错吗?
→ ________ the soup ________ good?
参考答案
A. 单项选择
1. A(sounds 听起来)
2. A(look 看起来)
3. B(goes bad 变坏)
4. B(Does the soup taste...)
5. A(get shorter 变短)
B. 填空
1. smell
2. does not taste / doesn’t taste
3. Does; look
4. become
5. Does; go
C. 句型转换
1. Is; clean
2. does not sound / doesn’t sound
3. Does; feel
4. do not become / don’t become
D. 翻译
The music sounds beautiful.
It gets dark.
He looks unhappy.
Does the soup taste good?
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