Unit 4 一般过去时与一般将来时被动语态专项练习 2025-2026学年沪教版英语八年级下册

沪教8下第四单元语法专练 一般过去时与一般将来时被动语态专项练习 第一部分:知识点讲解 一、一般过去时的被动语态 1. 构成 一般过去时的被动语态由 was/were + 及物动词的过去分词构成。 当主语是单数或不可数名词时,用 was。 当主语是复数时,用 were。 例如: The letter was sent yesterday. (这封信昨天寄出了。) The houses were built in 2000. (这些房子建于2000年。) 2. 用法 一般过去时的被动语态表示过去某个时间发生的被动动作,或过去经常性、习惯性的被动动作。常用于以下情况: 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者: My bike was stolen last night. (我的自行车昨晚被偷了。——不知道谁偷的) The bridge was built in 1998. (这座桥建于1998年。——没必要强调建造者) 强调动作的承受者: The meeting was held last Monday. (会议上周一举行了。——强调会议本身) 客观描述: The window was broken by the boy. (窗户被那个男孩打破了。——描述事实) 3. 各种句式 肯定句:主语 + was/were + 过去分词 + 其他. The work was finished on time. (工作按时完成了。) 否定句:主语 + was/were + not + 过去分词 + 其他. The work was not finished on time. (工作没有按时完成。) 一般疑问句:Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他? Was the work finished on time? (工作按时完成了吗?) 特殊疑问句:疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他? When was the work finished? (工作是什么时候完成的?) 4. 主动语态变被动语态的方法 步骤: 1. 将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语。 2. 谓语动词变为“be + 过去分词”,be动词用与主语一致且与原句时态相符的形式(一般过去时用 was/were)。 3. 原主语用 by 引出,置于句末(如果不重要可以省略)。 示例: 主动:They built this house in 1990. 被动:This house was built (by them) in 1990. 5. 特殊情况处理 双宾语动词(如 give, show, tell, send 等):有两种被动形式。 主动:My uncle gave me a gift. 被动1(间接宾语作主语):I was given a gift (by my uncle). 被动2(直接宾语作主语):A gift was given to me (by my uncle). 短语动词:动词与介词/副词构成的短语动词在被动中不可拆开,介词/副词保留。 主动:They looked after the baby well. 被动:The baby was looked after well. 感官动词和使役动词(如 see, hear, make, let 等):主动语态中后接省略 to 的不定式,变为被动时 to 要恢复。 主动:I saw him cross the street. 被动:He was seen to cross the street. 含有宾语补足语的句子:宾语补足语保留在动词后。 主动:We call him Tom. 被动:He is called Tom. 6. 注意事项 不及物动词(如 happen, appear, rise, occur 等)不能用于被动语态。 错误:The accident was happened. 正确:The accident happened. 表示状态的动词(如 have, own, belong to, cost 等)不能用于被动语态。 错误:A car is had by him. 正确:He has a car. 二、一般将来时的被动语态 1. 构成 一般将来时的被动语态由 will be + 过去分词 或 am/is/are going to be + 过去分词 构成。 will be 适用于所有人称。 be going to be 中 be 动词根据主语变化:am going to be, is going to be, are going to be。 例如: A new library will be built next year. (一座新图书馆明年将被建造。) The work is going to be finished tomorrow. (这项工作将在明天完成。) 2. 用法 一般将来时的被动语态表示将来某个时间要发生的被动动作,或将来按计划、安排要发生的被动动作。常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如 tomorrow, next week, soon, in the future 等。 3. 各种句式 肯定句:主语 + will be + 过去分词 + 其他. The meeting will be held in Room 101. (会议将在101室举行。) The problem is going to be solved soon. (问题很快会被解决。) 否定句:主语 + will not (won't) be + 过去分词 + 其他. The meeting won't be held tomorrow. (会议明天不举行。) The problem is not going to be solved easily. (这个问题不容易被解决。) 一般疑问句:Will + 主语 + be + 过去分词 + 其他? Will the meeting be held tomorrow? (会议明天举行吗?) Is the problem going to be solved? (这个问题会被解决吗?) 特殊疑问句:疑问词 + will + 主语 + be + 过去分词 + 其他? When will the meeting be held? (会议什么时候举行?) 4. 主动语态变被动语态的方法 步骤: 1. 将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语。 2. 谓语动词变为“will be + 过去分词”或“be going to be + 过去分词”,注意 be going to 中的 be 要与新主语保持一致。 3. 原主语用 by 引出(如需要)。 示例: 主动:They will build a new hospital next year. 被动:A new hospital will be built (by them) next year. 主动:They are going to discuss the plan tomorrow. 被动:The plan is going to be discussed (by them) tomorrow. 5. 注意事项 一般将来时的被动语态中,will be 和 be going to be 有时可互换,但 be going to 常表示计划、安排好的事情。 某些动词(如 take place, happen)没有被动形式,即使表示将来也不能用被动。 正确:The sports meeting will take place next week. (运动会下周举行。) 错误:The sports meeting will be taken place next week. 如果主动句是 be going to 结构,变为被动时 be 动词要随新主语变化。 主动:We are going to plant many trees. 被动:Many trees are going to be planted (by us). 第二部分:专项练习题 一、单项选择(共15题) 1. The old bridge _ last year. A. is built B. was built C. will be built D. built 2. A new school _ in this area next year. A. will build B. is built C. will be built D. builds 3. The letter _ by my mother yesterday. A. wrote B. was written C. is written D. will be written 4. Don't worry. Your car _ tomorrow. A. will repair B. is repaired C. will be repaired D. repairs 5. The 2022 Winter Olympics _ in Beijing. A. held B. was held C. will be held D. is held 6. These trees _ last spring. A. planted B. were planted C. are planted D. will be planted 7. The meeting _ next Monday. A. will hold B. is going to hold C. will be held D. was held 8. The cake _ by my grandmother last night. A. made B. is made C. was made D. will be made 9. The books _ to the library tomorrow. A. are returned B. will return C. were returned D. will be returned 10. Many new houses _ in our town last year. A. built B. were built C. are built D. will be built 11. The room _ yesterday. A. cleaned B. was cleaned C. is cleaned D. will be cleaned 12. A new road _ here next month. A. builds B. is built C. will build D. will be built 13. The film _ last Sunday. A. showed B. was shown C. is shown D. will be shown 14. The problem _ at the meeting tomorrow. A. discusses B. will discuss C. will be discussed D. is discussed 15. The windows _ by the children yesterday afternoon. A. break B. were broken C. are broken D. will be broken 二、用所给动词的正确形式填空(共10题) 1. The Great Wall _ (build) over two thousand years ago. 2. A new hospital _ (open) in our town next month. 3. The letter _ (not send) yesterday because of the storm. 4. These problems _ (discuss) at the next meeting. 5. The old man _ (take) to hospital immediately after the accident. 6. The work _ (finish) in two days. 7. The thief _ (catch) by the police last night. 8. The sports meeting _ (hold) next Friday. 9. The cake _ (eat) by the dog just now. 10. More trees _ (plant) in our city next year. 三、句型转换:将下列主动语态句子改为被动语态(共10题) 1. They built this bridge in 1980. This bridge _ _ in 1980. 2. We will hold a party next Saturday. A party _ _ _ next Saturday. 3. Someone stole my wallet yesterday. My wallet _ _ yesterday. 4. They are going to build a new airport here. A new airport _ _ _ _ here. 5. The students cleaned the classroom after school. The classroom _ _ by the students after school. 6. They will not discuss the problem at the meeting. The problem _ _ _ at the meeting. 7. Did they invite you to the party? _ you _ to the party? 8. They will finish the work before Friday. The work _ _ _ before Friday. 9. The waiter served the meal quickly. The meal _ _ quickly by the waiter. 10. We are going to paint the house next week. The house _ _ _ _ next week. 四、翻译句子(共10题) 1. 这座桥建于1900年。 _ 2. 下周将举行一场音乐会。 _ 3. 我的自行车昨天被偷了。 _ 4. 这个问题明天会在会上讨论吗? _ 5. 这些书是昨天从图书馆借来的。 _ 6. 新的图书馆明年建成。 _ 7. 那个男孩因为迟到被老师批评了。 _ 8. 这项工作计划下周完成。 _ 9. 昨天下午教室被打扫了。 _ 10. 这些树是去年春天种的。 _ 第三部分:答案与解析 一、单项选择 1. B last year 是一般过去时的时间状语,bridge 与 build 是被动关系,用 was built。 2. C next year 是将来时间状语,school 与 build 是被动关系,用 will be built。 3. B yesterday 是过去时间状语,letter 与 write 是被动关系,用 was written。 4. C tomorrow 是将来时间状语,car 与 repair 是被动关系,用 will be repaired。 5. B 2022年已过去,用一般过去时被动,Olympics 作整体视为单数,用 was held。 6. B last spring 是过去时间,trees 与 plant 是被动关系,用 were planted。 7. C next Monday 是将来时间,meeting 与 hold 是被动关系,用 will be held。 8. C last night 是过去时间,cake 与 make 是被动关系,用 was made。 9. D tomorrow 是将来时间,books 与 return 是被动关系,用 will be returned。 10. B last year 是过去时间,houses 与 build 是被动关系,用 were built。 11. B yesterday 是过去时间,room 与 clean 是被动关系,用 was cleaned。 12. D next month 是将来时间,road 与 build 是被动关系,用 will be built。 13. B last Sunday 是过去时间,film 与 show 是被动关系,用 was shown。 14. C tomorrow 是将来时间,problem 与 discuss 是被动关系,用 will be discussed。 15. B yesterday afternoon 是过去时间,windows 与 break 是被动关系,用 were broken。 二、用所给动词的正确形式填空 1. was built ago 提示过去时,Great Wall 是单数,用 was built。 2. will be opened / is going to be opened next month 提示将来,hospital 是单数。 3. was not sent yesterday 提示过去时,letter 是单数,否定用 was not sent。 4. will be discussed / are going to be discussed next meeting 提示将来,problems 是复数。 5. was taken after the accident 提示过去时,old man 是单数,用 was taken。 6. will be finished / is going to be finished in two days 提示将来,work 是单数。 7. was caught last night 提示过去时,thief 是单数,用 was caught。 8. will be held / is going to be held next Friday 提示将来,meeting 是单数。 9. was eaten just now 提示过去时,cake 是单数,用 was eaten。 10. will be planted / are going to be planted next year 提示将来,trees 是复数。 三、句型转换 1. was built This bridge was built in 1980. 2. will be held A party will be held next Saturday. 3. was stolen My wallet was stolen yesterday. 4. is going to be built A new airport is going to be built here. 5. was cleaned The classroom was cleaned by the students after school. 6. will not be discussed The problem will not be discussed at the meeting. 7. Were; invited Were you invited to the party? 8. will be finished The work will be finished before Friday. 9. was served The meal was served quickly by the waiter. 10. is going to be painted The house is going to be painted next week. 四、翻译句子 1. This bridge was built in 1900. 2. A concert will be held next week. 3. My bike was stolen yesterday. 4. Will this problem be discussed at the meeting tomorrow? 5. These books were borrowed from the library yesterday. 6. A new library will be built next year. 7. The boy was criticized by the teacher for being late. 8. This work is going to be finished next week. 9. The classroom was cleaned yesterday afternoon. 10. These trees were planted last spring. 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $