课时精练(13) Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit&Reading-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义配套练习（译林版）

课时精练(十三)　Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [基础达标] 维度一　根据汉语提示或首字母填入单词的适当形式。 1．Scientists are conducting separate experiments (实验) to test the effectiveness of the new drug. 2．The president has announced she does not intend (想要) to stand for re-election. 3．Fish struggle for survival (生存) when the water level drops in the lake. 4．On page two of your handout you will find a list of the books that I have referred (参考) to during the lecture. 5．We are conducting (组织) a survey to find out what our customers think of their local bus service. 6．Most people only have a limited (有限的) amount of leisure time. 7．I certainly hope to gain a little wisdom as I grow older. 8．Biscuits will stay crisp if you keep them in an airtight container． 维度二　在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 1．Scientific research shows that women tend to survive their husbands by 5－10 years. 2．The essay contains a number of factual errors (error). 3．It was foolish of him to refer to his notes during that important test. 4．The report will be published (publish) on the Internet. 5．At worst we’ll have to sell the house to pay off our debts. 6．The new rules will be beneficial (benefit) to every student. 7．I think Mary is a woman of great wisdom (wise). 8．An animal’s sense of smell is still crucial to it’s survival (survive). 维度三　完成句子 1．受我好朋友的启发，我决定去国外学习。(过去分词短语作状语) Inspired by my good friend，I intended to study abroad. 2．直到接近信的结尾处，她才提到自己的计划。(it was... that强调句型) It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan. 3．这个女孩的父母不允许她去参加那样的一个活动。(permit) The girl’s parents don’t permit her to take part in such an activity． 4．这种延伸的能力就是大多数人称为的压力。(refer to as) This stretching of capacity is what most people refer to as stress． 5．让她知道你有意申请是很公平的。(intend) It’s only fair to let her know that you intend to apply． 维度四　课文语法填空 Tu Youyou has become the 1.first (one) female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize，which was awarded to her for her contribution to the fight against malaria. Thanks 2.to her discovery of qinghaosu，malaria patients now have had a greatly increased chance of survival. Tu was born in Ningbo and studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955. After 3.graduation (graduate)，she worked at the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. She completed further training courses，4.acquiring (acquire) a broad knowledge of both Chinese and Western medicine. In 5.the 1960s，many people were dying of malaria，and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease. When they failed 6.to produce (produce) any promising results，Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again. 7.Inspired (inspire)by an over 1，600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water，she succeeded in making a qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice. 8.Although/While/Though research resources and good equipment were limited，Tu and her team managed to find solutions to the problem. Later，the efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off. In November 1972，they 9.successfully (successful) isolated the most effective part of the qinghao extract and named it qinghaosu，for which Tu 10.was awarded (award) the Nobel Prize in 2015. [素能提升] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A US scientists say they have poured cold water on the theory that washing hands with hot water kills more germs (细菌) than unheated water. The small study of 20 people found using water at 15℃ (59F) left hands as clean as water heated to 38℃ (100F). National Health Service (NHS) recommends that people wash their hands in either cold or warm water. In this study，scientists at Rutgers University—New Brunswick wanted to find out if popular assumptions (假设) about the benefits of warm or hot water and official guidance on hot water—given to the food industry in the US—held true. They asked 20 people to wash their hands 20 times each with water that was 15℃ (59F)，26℃ (79F) or 38℃ (100F). Volunteers were also asked to experiment with varying amounts of soap. Before they started the tests，their hands were covered in harmless bugs. Researchers say there was no difference in the amount of bugs removed as the temperature of the water or the amount of soap changed. Prof. Donald Schaffner said，“People need to feel comfortable when they are washing their hands but as far as effectiveness goes，this study shows us that the temperature of the water used did not matter.” However，the researchers accept their study is small and say more extensive work is needed to determine the best ways to remove harmful bacteria. In the UK，NHS experts say people can use cold or hot water to wash their hands. They say hands should be washed for at least 20 seconds and stress the importance of using enough soap to cover the whole surface of the hands. Their guidance focuses on rubbing hands together in various ways to make sure each surface of each hand is clean. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了是否用热水洗手比用冷水洗杀死的细菌更多。美国科学家对此进行了实验论证，得出的结论是用热水或冷水洗手去除的细菌数量没有差别。这个实验结果也并不受肥皂量的影响。 1．What does the underlined phrase “poured cold water” in Paragraph 1 probably mean？ A．Proved. B．Contradicted. C．Created. D．Accepted. B　[词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中“... that washing hands with hot water kills more germs (细菌) than unheated water.”可知，原先的理论是：用热水洗手比用未加热的水洗手可以杀死更多的细菌。而根据“The small study of 20 people found using water at 15℃ (59F) left hands as clean as water heated to 38℃ (100F).”可知，这个较小的研究表明：使用15℃或38℃的水洗手洗得一样干净。由此可知，美国科学家对原来的理论进行了反驳，故画线词组poured cold water为“反驳”之意，故选B。] 2．After they washed their hands with either hot or cold water，____________． A．volunteers all didn’t feel very comfortable B．volunteers all talked about American food industry C．volunteers still had many germs on their hands D．volunteers nearly had the same quantity of germs removed D　[推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句话“Researchers say... amount of soap changed.”可知，研究人员表示，随着水的温度或肥皂量的变化，去除的臭虫数量没有差别。由此可判断用热水或冷水洗手的志愿者手上被去除的细菌一样多。] 3．How do researchers feel about their study？ A．It is popular. B．It is convincing. C．It is incomplete. D．It is abstract. C　[推理判断题。根据第四段中“However，the researchers... to remove harmful bacteria.”可知，研究者认为他们的研究范围小，需要做更多的工作来确定去除有害细菌的最佳方法。由此可推断出研究者认为这个研究是不完整的 (incomplete)。] 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text？ A．Use cold water instead of hot water B．How to use cold water to wash hands C．It’s better to wash hands in cold water D．Washing hands in cold water is as good as in hot water D　[标题归纳题。本文第一段指出美国科学家对“用热水洗手比用冷水洗手去除的细菌多”的理论提出了质疑，并且进行了实验，最后得出的结论是没有什么区别，即“用冷水洗手和用热水可以洗得一样干净”。D项概括了文章主要内容，故选D项。] B Women have been making scientific discoveries since ancient times. Dozens of women have won the Nobel Prize，one of the highest honors in the world. Some women scientists never married，some worked with their husband，and others raised large families. It has been difficult for women to be successful scientists. In the early 1800s in England，Mary Anning became one of the first women recognized for the discoveries of the ancient history of the earth. Mary and her father collected fossils (化石)in their village on the south coast of Great Britain. Fossils are parts of plants or animals that have been saved in rocks for millions of years. When she was only twelve years old，Mary became the first person to find the almost complete skeletons (骨架)of several animals that no longer existed on earth. She didn’t become famous for her discoveries at that time because she often sold her fossils to get money to support her family. In 1891，a young Polish woman named Maria Sklodowska traveled to Paris to study physics. She did so because she could not get a college education in Poland. She began working in the laboratory with a man named Pierre Curie. She and Pierre Curie got married and made many discoveries together. They received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 along with another scientist. Marie Curie became the first person to be awarded a second Nobel Prize in 1911，this time in Chemistry. Marie Curie was one of the few women at the time that became famous as a scientist. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了以玛丽·安宁和玛丽·居里为代表的女性科学家的故事。 5．What does the author think of women scientists according to Paragraph 1？ A．They go through difficulties to be successful. B．They cannot get the highest honors in the world. C．They had better pay more attention to their families. D．They have more opportunities to become successful. A　[细节理解题。根据第一段末句“It has been difficult for women to be successful scientists.”可知，在作者看来，女性成为成功的科学家是很难的。该句与A选项是同义表达。故选A。] 6．Why did Mary Anning fail to be famous for her discoveries of fossils？ A．Because she didn’t want to be known to anyone. B．Because they weren’t worth studying. C．Because nobody recognized them. D．Because she sold them for money. D　[细节理解题。根据第三段末句“She didn’t become... support her family.”可知，她当时没有因为发现化石而出名是因为她经常卖掉化石来赚钱养家。故选D。] 7．What can we know about Marie Curie？ A．She finished her college education in Poland. B．She was the first woman to win two Nobel Prizes. C．She won the first Nobel Prize before getting married. D．She and her husband won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. B　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“They received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903... a second Nobel Prize in 1911... ”可知，她是第一位两次获得诺贝尔奖的女性。故选B。 ] 8．What’s the text mainly about？ A．Ancient discoveries of scientists. B．Some stories of women scientists. C．Successful marriages of women scientists. D．Some women scientists winning the Nobel Prize. B　[文章大意题。文章结构为总分结构，第一段点出了本文的中心话题：“Women have been making... to be successful scientists.”然后讲述了玛丽·安宁和玛丽·居里的故事。由此可知文章的话题为“一些女性科学家的故事”。故选B。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五 The aging process affects the human body in many ways. One of them is muscle loss (肌肉流失) as we age. Scientists may not know exactly when muscle loss starts.　1　 . Here are the right ways to do it. Equipment strength training Equipment strength training is the best way to slow down the process of muscle loss. Many gyms and health clubs have such muscle-building equipment as weights or running machines.　2　 . Therefore，if you are new to such kind of training，experts suggest you work with a trainer or physical fitness specialist to avoid injury. Also listen to your body. If an exercise causes pain，stop immediately. After the pain goes away you can try the exercise again，but with a lower weight or speed. No equipment strength training You do not have to use special exercise equipment or go to a gym to do strength training. You can just use your own body weight. Such exercises include push-ups，side jumps，jumping jacks or deep knee bends.　3　 . Exercises that use body weight are usually safer for beginners. They can also be easier for the body，and you can do them anywhere. Warm up 　4　 . Cold muscles injure more easily than warm muscles. Walking for 5 to 10 minutes is enough to warm up your muscles. 　5　 Give your muscles time to recover. Experts say it is better to rest one full day between exercising each specific muscle group. A．Have a break B．The aging process can be stopped in many ways C．They are great exercises to slow down muscle loss D．Working with such equipment can be dangerous E．Experts suggest warming up before strength training F．You can slowly increase the weight as you get stronger G．But what they do know is that it can be greatly slowed down 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些可以延缓肌肉流失的方法以及注意事项。 1．G　[根据上文“Scientists may not know exactly when muscle loss starts.”与G项“But what they do know is that it can be greatly slowed down (但是他们确实知道这个过程可以在很大程度上减慢)”衔接自然，上下文构成明显的转折关系，且G项中的they指的就是上文中的Scientists，know为原词复现，故选G项。] 2．D　[根据下文“Therefore，if you are new... avoid injury.”与D项“Working with such equipment can be dangerous (使用这种器械可能很危险)”衔接自然，因为这些健身器械使用起来会有危险，所以建议新手有教练或者健康专家陪同。D项中的dangerous对应下文的injury，故选D项。] 3．C　[根据上文“Such exercises include push-ups，side jumps，jumping jacks or deep knee bends. ”与C项“They are great exercises to slow down muscle loss (它们是延缓肌肉流失的绝佳锻炼方式)”衔接自然，C项中的They指的就是上文中提到的那些运动，故选C项。] 4．E　[根据下文“Cold muscles injure more easily than warm muscles.”与E项“Experts suggest warming up before strength training (专家建议在进行力量训练前先热身)”衔接自然，因为冷肌肉更容易受伤，所以专家建议锻炼前先热身。故选E项。] 5．A　[分析段落结构可知，设空处为本段小标题。根据下文“Give your muscles time to recover. Experts say it is better to rest one full day between exercising each specific muscle group.”可知，本段主要建议人们进行适当的休息，让肌肉有恢复的时间。故A项“Have a break (休息一下)”可以作为本段小标题，故选A项。] Ⅲ.完形填空 Stephen Glenn is a famous scientist. He has made several significant medical　1　. When asked why he was able to be more　2　 than the average person，he responded that it all came from a (n)　3　with his mother. Stephen had been trying to　4　 a bottle of milk from the refrigerator，and suddenly he dropped and spilled (泼出) it all over the kitchen floor. Seeing this，instead of　5　at him，his mother said，“What a great and wonderful　6　 you’ve made! I have rarely seen such a huge pond of milk. Well，the　7　 has already been done. Would you like to play for a while　8　we clean it up？” Indeed，he did. Then they cleaned it up，and his mother said，“What we have here is a　9　　experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Let’s　10　 the bottle with water and see if you can discover a way to carry it without　11　．”The little boy finally learned how to hold it without dropping. What a good　12　 to him! It was then that Stephen knew he needn’t be afraid to make　13　because mistakes were just　14　 to learn something new，which was，after all，what scientific　15　 were all about. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了著名的科学家斯蒂芬·格伦。 1．A．impressions B．breakthroughs C．promises D．intentions B　[根据上文“Stephen Glenn is a famous scientist.”可知，空处指他做出了几个非常重要的医学突破。故B选项正确。] 2．A．outgoing B．responsible C．warm-hearted D．creative D　[根据上文可知，他被问到为什么他能比一般人更有创造力。故D选项正确。] 3．A．experience B．word C．argument D．adventure A　[根据下文介绍的内容可知，他回应说他的创造力来自他和他母亲的一次经历。故A选项正确。] 4．A．recycle B．buy C．remove D．freeze C　[根据下文“a bottle of milk from the refrigerator”可知，斯蒂芬一直试图从冰箱里拿出一瓶牛奶。故C选项正确。] 5．A．looking B．yelling C．smiling D．glancing B　[根据下文“his mother said，’What a great and wonderful ______ you’ve made！... ’”可知，斯蒂芬的妈妈并没有对他大声吼叫。故B选项正确。] 6．A．discovery B．mess C．change D．joke B　[根据下文“I have rarely seen such a huge pond of milk.”可知，妈妈告诉斯蒂芬他制造了一个伟大而美妙的混乱。故B选项正确。] 7．A．injury B．research C．assignment D．damage D　[根据下文“Would you like to play for a while”可知，妈妈告诉斯蒂芬，损害已经造成了，那就玩一会儿吧。故D选项正确。] 8．A．when B．once C．after D．before D　[妈妈问在把牛奶清理干净之前，斯蒂芬·格伦是否愿意玩一会儿。故D选项正确。] 9．A．successful B．failed C．completed D．useless B　[根据上文可知，他们经历了一次关于如何有效地用两只小手拿着一个大牛奶瓶的失败的实验。故B选项正确。] 10．A．fill B．wash C．break D．cover A　[根据下文“with water”可知，此处指用水装满瓶子。故A选项正确。] 11．A．shaking B．dropping C．lifting D．touching B　[根据下文可知，他们在尝试找到一种能拿着不掉的方法。故B选项正确。] 12．A．attitude B．apology C．project D．lesson D　[这对他是多么好的一课啊！故D选项正确。] 13．A．efforts B．plans C．mistakes D．decisions C　[根据下文“because mistakes... ”可知，他不必害怕犯错。故C选项正确。] 14．A．requirements B．conditions C．chances D．goals C　[因为错误只是学习新东西的机会。故C选项正确。] 15．A．achievements B．approaches C．courses D．experiments D　[根据上文“What we have here is a ______experiment ... ”可知，此处指科学实验。故D选项正确。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $