Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Starting out & Understanding ideas—Language points-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（外研版）

该高中英语课件围绕“Amazing art”主题，聚焦核心词汇（如greet、fold）、拓展词缀（un-前缀规律）、重点短语（get a load of）及典型句式（It seems that...），通过巴黎问候、卢浮宫展品等情境导入，搭建从词汇积累到句式运用再到语用实践的学习支架。 其亮点在于融合语言能力与文化意识，通过“语基自查-精练-测评”闭环训练词汇句式，结合手指画、唢呐等艺术案例渗透跨文化理解，以读后续写情景描写（如“装载行李”动作描写）提升思维品质。学生能在艺术语境中深化语言运用，教师可依托系统分层训练高效开展教学。

Unit 4　Amazing art Section Ⅱ　Starting out & Understanding 　　　　 　ideas —Language points 内容索引 课时测评 3 语基自查　固根基 1 语基讲练　提能力 2 语基自查　固根基 返回 核心单词——练通 1．the ________ of Waterloo　 　 滑铁卢战役 2．a party political ___________ 政党政治广播节目 3．a __________ painter 一位肖像画家 battle　 broadcast　 portrait　 拓展单词——用活 1．_______ v. 问候，迎接，招呼 →greeting n. 问候 2．______ v. 折起 →unfold v. (使)展开；打开 3．__________ n. 雕刻家，雕塑家 →sculpt v. 雕刻，雕塑 →sculpture n. 雕像，雕塑品，雕刻品 4．____________ n. 展出，展览 →exhibit v. 展览，展出 greet　 fold　 sculptor　 exhibition　 规律：动词否定前缀un- 示例：fold→unfold　 展开 lock→unlock　 开锁 bind→unbind　 解开 wrap→unwrap　 打开 dress→undress　 脱衣服　　 规律方法 阅读单词——识记 1．three flights of stairs 三段______ 2．take a selfie 拍________ 楼梯　 自拍照　 重点短语——再现 第一组　汉译英 1．注意，仔细看 ____________ 2．有自己的主见 ______________________ 3．不过，然而 ______________ 4．亲自 ____________ 5．与某人交流；向某人提供/寻求帮助 ______________ get a load of　 have a mind of one’s own　 but then again　 for oneself　 reach out to sb　 第二组　英译汉 6．make an impression on ________________ 7．on earth __________________________ 8．be made of ____________ 9．come up _____________________ 10．by the way ____________ 给……留下印象　 (在)世界上；究竟；到底　 由……制成　 被提出，被提及；出现　 顺便说一下　 典型句式——默背 根据课文语境及汉语提示完成句子 1．句型公式　动词-ing形式短语作状语 教材原句　Her head and arms are missing，but you can imagine her holding her arms up high，__________________________________. 虽然头部和手臂已经遗失了，但你们仍然可以想象她正高举双臂，庆祝一场古老战役的胜利。 2．句型公式　It seems (that)... “看起来……” 教材原句　When I look into her eyes _____________________________! 当我与她对视的时候，我觉得她好像有自己的思想！ celebrating the result of an ancient battle　 it seems she has a mind of her own　 3．句型公式　That is why... “那就是……的原因” 教材原句　I guess _________ she attracts so many visitors every day. 我想那就是她能每天吸引那么多游客的原因吧。 4．句型公式　“do/does/did＋动词原形”结构强调谓语动词 教材原句　They really ________________ across the centuries as if time itself were nothing. 这些作品穿越几个世纪，确实出现在我们面前，仿佛时间没有流逝一般。 that’s why　 do reach out to us　 返回 语基讲练　提能力 返回 Ⅰ.核心词汇练全 1　greet v. 问候，迎接，招呼 (教材原句) Greetings from Paris, everyone! 从巴黎向大家发来问候！ (1)greet sb with... 用……迎接某人；用……向某人打招呼 (2)greeting n. (常用复数形式)问候；祝贺；贺词 send (one’s)greetings to sb 向某人问好 exchange greetings 互相问候 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①On behalf of my whole family，please send my sincere ___________ (greet) to your parents. ②Whenever I met the biologist，which was fairly often，she greeted me ______ a smile. ③站在山顶，温暖的微风和阳光迎接着我。 Standing on the top of the mountain, I _______________________________ ________. (读后续写之情景描写) greetings　 with　 was greeted by the warm breeze and sunshine　 2　get a load of... 注意，仔细看(常用于表示惊讶或羡慕) (教材原句) Now，at the top of these stone stairs... get a load of that! 现在，在这些石阶的顶端……看那里！ (1)load n.　　　 　 　 某物的量；工作量；装载量；负荷 　 　v. 装载；装上 (2)a load of/loads of 许多；大量 take a load off one’s mind 卸下心头重担；使某人如释重负 (3)load... into/onto... 把……装进/装上…… load... with... 用……装…… be loaded with... 装满……；负担着…… (4)unload vt. 卸下 download v. & n. 下 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The car ________ (load) with fiction books from the library fell off the mountain. ②Through those thin walls we really got ___ load of their fight. ③Knowing that they had found their lost certificates took a load _____ my mind. ④I can give you a ride if you don’t mind climbing on a load ____ boxes. ⑤在出发前，我忙着将行李装载到车上。 Before departure, I was busy ____________________________. (读后续写之动作描写) loaded　 a　 off　 of　 loading my luggage onto the car　 3　fold v. 折起；对折，折叠 (教材原句) And just look at how her dress is being folded by the wind! 看她裙子上被风吹出的皱褶！ (1)fold one’s arms 双臂交叉 fold up 折叠起来 fold... in... 用……把……包起来 (2)unfold v. (使)展开；打开 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Standing with your arms ________ (fold) can send out a signal that you are defensive. ②Fold ____ two eggs and then cook gently for thirty minutes. ③The salesgirl told us that the table could be folded ____ when it was not in use. ④You mustn’t ________ (fold) the bag until you arrive at the stream. ⑤他双臂交叉在胸前，把头转向一边。 He _______________ over his chest and turned his head away. (读后续写之动作描写) folded　 in　 up　 unfold　 folded his arms　 4　come up 出现；走近，靠近；被提到，被提及；(太阳、月亮)升起 (教材原句) And you’re really going to love what’s coming up next. 你会非常喜欢接下来要出现的展品。 come up with　　 想出，提出(主意等) come across 偶然遇见；偶然发现 come about 发生，产生 come on 赶快；加油 come out 出版；(太阳、月亮或星星)出现；(花朵)开放；(真相)为 人所知 用come的相关短语填空/完成句子 ①One day, I ____________ a friend who looked upset. I ________ to him, asking how it ___________. He told me he was out of work. I comforted him patiently and ____________ a solution to help him find a job again. ②她的猫跑上前来，在她的腿上蹭来蹭去。 Her cat ________ and rubbed itself against her leg. (读后续写之动作描写) came across　 came up　 came about　 came up with　 came up　 认知深化 一、一词多义——come up A．走近　B．出现　C．被提出 1．When Alice came up at the laboratory, she didn’t know how to conduct the experiment. _______ 2．In order to solve the problem of conflicts entirely, many pieces of good advice came up at the meeting. _______ 3．He came up to me and asked me the way to the station. _______ B　 C　 A　 二、熟词生义 1．As we walked into the house, we were greeted by a wonderful smell of baking. ________________________ 2．It was a battle of wills that lasted for hours, but in the end, one side had to give in. ________ v. 传入……的耳中或鼻中　 n. 较量　 Ⅱ. 典型句式讲透 1　句型公式：It seems (that)... “看起来……” (教材原句) When I look into her eyes it seems she has a mind of her own! 当我直视她的眼睛的时候，感觉她仿佛有自己的思想！ 句中“It seems (that)...”意为“看起来……”，其中seem为系动词，意为“看起来”。it为形式主语，真正的主语为省略了that的从句。 (1)seem (to be)＋adj./n.　 看起来好像…… (2)seem to do/to be doing/to have done... 看起来要做……/正在做……/已经做 了…… (3)It seems (to sb) as if... 看起来(对某人来说)好像…… (4)There seem(s) (to be)... 看起来似乎有…… 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①—How is your table tennis these days? Still playing? —No，not much. I just don’t seem ________ (find) the time these days. ②The children seemed ____________ (eat) something in the room when their mother came in. ③The engine just won’t start. Something seems ____________ (go) wrong with it. ④似乎除了我，其他人都知道真相。 _____________ everybody else knew about the truth except me. ⑤我根本不愿意举手，但似乎有某种神秘的东西迫使我举起手来。 I was not willing to raise my hand at all, but __________________________ ___________ to force me to put it up. (读后续写之心理描写) to find　 to be eating　 to have gone　 It seems as if　 there seemed (to be) something mysterious　 2　句型公式：That is why... “那就是……的原因” (教材原句) I guess that’s why she attracts so many visitors every day. 我想那就是她能每天吸引那么多游客的原因吧。 句中why引导表语从句。 (1)That/This is why... 意为“那/这就是……的原因”，why引导表语从句，强调结果。 (2)That/This is because... 意为“那/这是因为……”，because 后接原因。 (3)The reason why... is/was that... 意为“……的原因是……”。 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①He didn’t attend the meeting and this was _________ he got injured on his way. ②He had an accident on the way to school this morning. That’s _____ he was absent from school. ③他缺席会议的原因是他遇到了交通堵塞。 →He was absent from the meeting. ________________ he got stuck in the traffic jams. →He got stuck in the traffic jams. ____________ he was absent from the meeting. →The reason _____ he was absent from the meeting _________ he got stuck in the traffic jams. because　 why　 That’s because　 That’s why　 why　 was that　 3　句型公式：“do/does/did＋动词原形”表示强调 (教材原句) They really do reach out to us across the centuries as if time itself were nothing. 几个世纪以来，它们确实一直展现在我们面前，好像时间都成了无关紧要的东西了。 句中do起强调作用，强调谓语动词短语reach out to，意为“的确，确实”。 (1)这种强调结构只有一般现在时和一般过去时，且只用于肯定句中； (2)do还可以用于祈使句表示强调； (3)若对句子其他部分进行强调，要使用强调句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...。 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①She _____ (do) greet you while you were walking past，but you didn’t hear. ②He ______ (do) work hard and can finish the task in time. ③It is music ______ always brings me relief or gives me strength. ④老师们认为我没有努力学习，但是我确实努力学习了。 Teachers didn’t think I studied hard, but ________________. did　 返回 does　 that　 I did (study hard)　 课时测评 返回 语境基础练 维度一　品句填词(每小题1分，共8分) 1．The back of the bench _______ (折起) forward to make a table. 2．The concert will be ___________ (广播) live on television and radio. 3．The ________ (楼梯) were covered with rubber to prevent slipping. 4．This novel is just another story about the ________ (战斗) between good and evil. 5．He broke a window to get in and stole a ______ (某物的量) of silver cups. 6．The artist has reproduced your features very well in this _________ (肖像). 7．The s_______ carved a figure of a sitting boy out of stone. 8．On the way to school，Tom came across one of his classmates，and they g______ each other by saying “Good morning”． folds　 broadcast　 stairs　 battle　 load　 portrait　 culptor　 reeted　 维度二　词形转换(每小题1分，共5分) 1．The disabled woman ________ (load) with a bag was walking in the street then. 2．The real image and the ____________(broadcast) picture can be completely different things. 3．He sat down, __________ (fold) his newspaper and read it. 4．When the other pupils were taken to an ____________ (exhibit), he was left behind. 5．They exchanged ___________ (greet)，compared notes on their wives and families, and finally got down to business. loaded　 broadcasted　 unfolded　 exhibition　 greetings　 维度三　固定搭配和句式(每小题3分，共15分) 1．他盯着我看，就好像第一次看见我似的。(as if) He stared at me ___________________________________. 2．注意看那个花瓶！我喜欢它上面的设计。(load) ____________________！I am fond of the design on it. 3．今天我们通过先进的技术有太多的交流选择，但我们似乎正在失去面对面交流的乐趣。(seem) Today we have too many choices of communication through advanced technology，but we ________________ the joy of communicating face to face. as if (he were) seeing me for the first time　 Get a load of that vase　 seem to be losing　 4．那个年轻人告诉我，他确实需要解释一下昨晚的整个事故。(do表强调) The young man told me that he_____________________________________ last night. 5．他非常喜欢中国画。那就是他上周末去看画展的原因。(why) He likes Chinese paintings very much. ________________________________ _________ last weekend. did need to account for the whole accident　 That’s why he went to the art exhibition　 维度四　教材知识迁移(每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面新情景，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Zack，a journalist，1._____________ (broadcast) the treasures inside the Louvre. Let’s travel together with him. The huge sculpture—the Winged Victory of Samothrace is at the top of these stone stairs. It looks like she has just flown down out of the sky and is standing on a ship. Her head and arms are 2._________ (miss).But you can imagine her holding her arms up high，3.__________ (celebrate) the result of an ancient battle. is broadcasting　 missing　 celebrating　 The one and only Mona Lisa is 4.______ you are going to love. It is a lot smaller than you would expect and is protected by glass. When Zack looks 5.______ her eyes，it seems that she has a mind of her own. One moment she appears to 6.____________ (laugh) at him，but then again he catches a sense of 7._________ (sad) in her smile. Rembrandt，one of history’s greatest 8._________ (paint)，made over 90 self-portraits. Was it his way of taking a 17th-century selfie？Or was it simply cheaper to paint himself than to pay for a model？Nobody really knows why. About 35,000 works 9.__________________ (display) in over 300 rooms in the Louvre now. Zack hopes you can all visit 10.__________ fantastic place one day to feel the power of these great works of art for yourselves. what　 into　 be laughing　 sadness　 painters　 are being displayed　 the/this　 素能提升练 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共10分) Finger painting is an art that most people experienced in childhood. But there are still people who know little about this art form. Finger painting is a simple activity that involves dipping(侵) fingers into paints and then using fingers to create objects and shapes on a piece of paper. All you need is a table at elbow height, a few sheets of plain paper, and a few bottles of watercolors. When engaging kids in this activity, one should provide non-toxic paints only. If not readily available in the market, non-toxic paints can be made at home easily. Preferably, the paints should also be eatable. Finger paints come in bright colors and can be purchased relatively inexpensively. Adults can save money by making their own finger paints using a mixture of cornstarch(玉米淀粉), food coloring and water. It is a common fallacy that finger painting is for children alone; rather, it’s an activity that can be enjoyed by adults in equal measure. Adults can use rubber gloves while painting to avoid dirty marks of paints on their hands. When a group of people are gathered for an exercise of finger painting, it can be a great way of creating a bond between them. Art and painting parties are a popular concept in the West. Organizations can also use finger painting as a team-building activity by making participants paint together on a large canvas. There’s no limit to the expression of feelings in finger painting. All one needs to do is go all out and put all his feelings on a piece of paper by dipping his fingers into paints. While painting, one may unconsciously choose colors that reflect his emotions. For example, you may choose the color red to express your anger or green to express hope. At times you may be confused, and the painting will help you describe your confused state of mind. Once you express your emotions on paper, you are likely to feel relieved. So what are you waiting for? Plan a finger-painting session soon, and experience the joy. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是手指画这种艺术活动的特点。 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Finger painting is a simple activity that involves dipping(侵) fingers into paints and then using fingers to create objects and shapes on a piece of paper.”可知，手指画很容易画。故选D。 1．What can we know about finger painting? A．Most people loved it in childhood. B．The preparation for it is quite difficult. C．Kids learn it much faster than adults. D．Finger painting is easy to carry out. √ 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When engaging kids in this activity, one should provide non-toxic paints only.”可知，当有孩子参与手指画时，人们应该为他们准备安全的颜料。故选A。 2．What should people do when kids are involved in finger painting? A．Prepare safe paints for them. B．Have parents stay with them. C．Use paints of bright colors. D．Buy inexpensive paints. √ 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“rather, it’s an activity that can be enjoyed by adults in equal measure”可知，真实的情况是成年人也可以画手指画，所以“finger painting is for children alone”是错误的看法，因此画线词fallacy的意思是“谬论”，和nonsense表达的意思一样。故选D。 3．What does the underlined word “fallacy” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Goal.　 B．Sight. C．Principle. D．Nonsense. √ 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“There’s no limit to the expression of feelings in finger painting.”和“While painting, one may unconsciously choose colors that reflect his emotions.”可知，手指画可以让作画者根据自己的情感选择颜色，紧接着文章举例说明了手指画的这一特点。由此可推知，第四段中的例子表明手指画提供了自我表达的自由。故选C。 4．What does the example in Paragraph 4 show? A．Finger painters have a wide choice of colors. B．Finger painting shows people’s emotions correctly. C．Finger painting provides freedom of self-expression. D．Finger painters can find artistic inspiration from emotions. √ Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) Liu Wenwen, 33, is the first suona(唢呐) player to study for a doctoral degree. On China’s social media platforms, her name is often followed by a video of her live 　1　 at a concert in Sydney, Australia. Born into a suona family, Liu Wenwen was taught to 　2　 it at a very early age. In the 1990s, China’s reform and opening-up drive was in full swing, and people admired things that were modern and international. Suona,　3　, was considered an art of the hillbilly(乡巴佬). Her classmates at primary school 　4　 her, saying her whole family was engaged only in “weddings and funerals(丧礼)”. Indeed, these are the two major 　5　 where the suona is played in the countryside. Liu felt ashamed. “Despite my 　6　，” she recalled, “my parents would wake me up at 4 a.m. every day and take me to practice outside in a park, 　7　 the instrument was so loud that it 　8　 the neighbors when I practiced at home.” 　9　, she didn’t fall in love with the instrument until she went to Shanghai Conservatory of Music. “The music played by Professor Liu Ying, a top player, is just 　10　, and different from what I heard before，” she said. Liu Wenwen is also 　11　 in Shanghai. She loves exchanging ideas about suona playing techniques with her students. “It’s wonderful to see the younger generation 　12　 the cultural heritage.” Liu Wenwen has promoted the “hillbilly” music to the 　13　 audience. She said, “My hard work has 　14　. I trained for over 20 years, probably just to 　15　 cheers and applause for traditional Chinese music on the international stage.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了出生在唢呐世家的刘雯雯从小就学习吹唢呐，刻苦练习唢呐二十余年，她的努力最终得到了回报，在国际舞台上赢得了欢呼和掌声。 由上文中的“Liu Wenwen, 33, is the first suona(唢呐) player to study for a doctoral degree.”可知，此处指刘雯雯的唢呐表演。 1．A．dance　 B．performance C．match D．interview √ 2．A．enjoy B．repair C．play D．design 根据语境可知，此处是讲刘雯雯出生于唢呐世家，在很小的时候就被教导吹唢呐。 √ 上文中的“things that were modern and international”和下文中的“an art of the hillbilly(乡巴佬)”是对比关系，由此可知，此处是说当时人们对现代化和国际化的东西赞不绝口，相比之下，唢呐被认为是乡下人的艺术。 3．A．in comparison B．in reality C．in return D．in brief √ 4．A．complained to B．learned from C．turned to D．laughed at 由下文中的“saying her whole family was engaged only in‘weddings and funerals(丧礼) ’”可知，此处指她的小学同学取笑她，说她全家只忙于婚礼和葬礼。 √ 由上文中的“weddings and funerals(丧礼)”可知，唢呐在乡村演奏的两个主要场合是婚礼和葬礼。occasion“场合”。 5．A．occasions B．places C．stages D．areas √ 6．A．unwillingness B．request C．admission D．hesitation 由空前的Despite和空后的“my parents would wake me up at 4 a.m. every day and take me to practice outside in a park”可知，虽然刘雯雯不乐意，但是她的父母每天早上4点就会叫醒她，带她去公园练习吹唢呐。 √ 下文中的“the instrument was so loud”是去公园练习吹唢呐的原因，故此处指因为唢呐声音太大，所以刘雯雯不得不去公园练习。 7．A．as B．unless C．while D．once √ 8．A．delighted B．scared C．annoyed D．entertained 由上文中的“the instrument was so loud”可知，因为唢呐的声音太大，会打扰邻居们。 √ 由上文提到她小时候不喜欢吹唢呐可知，此处指事实上，她直到去上海音乐学院才爱上唢呐这种乐器。 9．A．Naturally B．Actually C．Normally D．Finally √ 10．A．challenging B．boring C．amazing D．moving 由上文中的“a top player”可推知，刘英教授是顶级演奏家，他演奏的音乐非常棒。 √ 由下文中的“She loves exchanging ideas about suona playing techniques with her students.”可知，此处指刘雯雯也在教学生如何吹唢呐。 11．A．living B．travelling C．studying D．teaching √ 12．A．taking charge of B．making use of C．carrying on D．showing off 由上文提到的刘雯雯教学生吹唢呐可知，此处指她看到年轻一代传承文化遗产，感觉很好。 √ 由下文中的“on the international stage”可知，此处指刘雯雯把唢呐推广给国际观众。 13．A．live B．serious C．demanding D．international √ 14．A．come up B．paid off C．ended up D．faded away 由上文中的“Liu Wenwen has promoted the ‘hillbilly’ music”和下文中的“cheers and applause for traditional Chinese music on the international stage”可知，刘雯雯的表演获得了认可，即她的努力得到了回报。 √ 根据语境可知，此处指刘雯雯认为自己练习吹唢呐二十多年，可能就是为了在国际舞台上为中国传统音乐赢得欢呼和掌声。 15．A．ignore B．appreciate C．win D．give √ Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) Inside painting, or inner painting, is a Chinese art form. It involves tiny snuff bottles (鼻烟壶)which have pictures and calligraphy 1._______(paint) on the inside surface of the bottle. Snuff bottle paintings are produced by 2._______(skilful)using a specialized brush through the neck of the bottle, 3._______ requires absolute precision from the artist. Often made of special materials such as jade, crystal and amber, crafting an inside painting in the snuff bottle requires considerable skill and 4.__________ (imagine), as the process of painting is totally reversed (相反的). painted skilfully which imagination Wang Ziyong, an inside painting craftsman, studied inside painting with his father as he was young. After graduating from college, Wang returned to Hengshui City and devoted 5._______(he)to the artwork. Thanks to years of practice, he quickly developed his own style. In order to better paint highlights and handle details, Wang developed 6.___ new type of brush, improving the drawing efficiency. In 1995, he gave up the traditional workshop-style production mode of inside painting 7.____ established a modern enterprise, integrating development, design, production, processing, and sales. In 2003, 8._____ the help of his father, Wang founded a museum in Hebei 9.________ (feature)inside paintings. In 2006, inside painting 10._________ (add)to the list of national intangible cultural heritages. himself a and with featuring was added “I hope more people can feel the charm of Hengshui inside painting in the future, ” Wang said. “It’s a prize in our traditional craft.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的内画这种艺术形式以及其制作过程和从事人员情况。 1．答案：painted 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，paint与逻辑主语pictures and calligraphy之间是被动关系， 故用过去分词作定语。故填painted。 考查副词。修饰动词应用副词skilfully, 作状语。故填skilfully。 2．答案：skilfully 3．答案：which 考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰上文整个句子， 从句缺少主语， 应用关系代词which。故填which。 考查名词。作宾语， 应用名词imagination, 不可数。故填imagination。 考查代词。短语devote oneself to表示“致力于”。故填himself。 4．答案：imagination 5．答案：himself 6．答案：a 考查冠词。type为可数名词， 此处表泛指， 且new发音是以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 考查连词。结合前后文语境可知为并列关系， 应用连词and。故填and。 考查介词。短语with the help of表示“在……的帮助下”。故填with。 7．答案：and 8．答案：with 9．答案：featuring 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，feature与逻辑主语museum之间是主动关系， 故用动词-ing形式作定语。故填featuring。 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。主语inside painting与谓语add之间是被动关系， 且主语为不可数名词，并结合上文In 2006可知为一般过去时的被动语态。故填was added。 10．答案：was added 返回 谢 谢 观 看 ！ 返回 $