Unit 3 Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（人教版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦英语语法中的省略现象，系统梳理简单句及并列句、复合句、动词不定式、替代性省略四大类型，通过“语法串烧”语料引入，构建从感知黑体省略部分到分类讲解规则再到“巧学活用”练习的学习支架，逻辑递进。 该资料以真实语料（如尼泊尔地震救援短文）激活语言感知，结合“巧学活用”设计，引导学生分析比较不同省略规则，提升语言运用能力与思维品质。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后学生可通过例句和练习自主查漏补缺，强化学习效果。

Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures ——省略 阅读以下短文，感知加黑部分，并完成下面的练习 语法串烧 我的发现 　　The magnitude 8.1 earthquake that hit Nepal on 25 April，2015，was one of the worst ①(earthquakes) in history.②When informed of the news，China was quick to start organizing emergency aid. International rescue teams soon began to arrive in the country.Among all the international heavy rescue teams，the China International Search and Rescue Team(CISAR) was the first ③(international heavy rescue team) to arrive.Consisting of 62 people，it not only included rescuers and medical staff but ④(also) included earthquake experts.By early May，emergency aid worth 9.7 million US dollars had been donated by China，with a further round ⑤(of emergency aid) to follow.All these showed ⑥(that) China is a country with a high sense of responsibility. 　　以上句子中括号内的黑体部分均为可省略内容。上面语段中的①③⑤是为了避免重复、保持句子简洁；②是英语中常见的状语从句的省略；⑥是宾语从句中连接词的省略；④是固定结构not only...but (also)...中的省略现象。 NO.1　简单句及并列句中的省略 为了避免重复，将句子中的一个或几个成分省去，这种语法现象叫省略。省略是避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法手段。 省略成分 情况说明 主语 在祈使句中和不容易引起歧义的情况下可省略 谓语或谓语的一部分 为了避免与前面已出现过的动词重复常省略 表语 答语或下文中与上文结构相似的表语省略 宾语 省略并列谓语最后一个动词的宾语以外的所有宾语 双宾语动词的直接宾语或间接宾语都可以省略掉一个 Some of us study Japanese；others(study)English. 我们中有些人学习日语，有些人学习英语。 —Do you know Mr Li? —I don't know(him). ——你认识李先生吗？ ——我不认识。 She washed(the shirt)，ironed(the shirt)，and folded the shirt.她洗了衬衫，并且把它熨好、折叠好。 Sorry，(you've dialed the)wrong number. 对不起，你拨错号了。 ◎巧学活用1——用省略结构改写下列句子 ①Is there anyone here to serve us? →Anyone here to serve us? ②He is a programmer and I am a programmer，too. →He is a programmer and I am，too. ③It sounds interesting. →Sounds interesting. ④What a clever boy he is! →What a clever boy! ⑤I work in a factory and my brother works on a farm. →I work in a factory and my brother on a farm． 学生用书第75页 NO.2　复合句中的省略 1．宾语从句中的省略 在宾语从句中常省略连词that，但当及物动词之后跟两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，只有第一个连词that可以省略。 I know(that)she is a teacher and that she is also an excellent writer. 我知道她是一个老师，也是一个优秀的作家。 2．状语从句中的省略 当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致或从句主语是it，并且从句谓语中有be动词时，常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。此类状语从句中的省略有如下情况： (1)在as，before，till，until，when，while等引导的时间状语从句中。 While(I was)walking along the street，I heard my name called. 当我正沿街行走时，我听到有人叫我的名字。 (2)在though，although等引导的让步状语从句中。 Though(they were)tired，they still went on working. 虽然累了，但他们仍旧继续工作。 (3)在if，unless等引导的条件状语从句中。 You shouldn't come to his party unless(you are)invited.除非被邀请，否则你不应该来参加他的晚会。 (4)在as，as if，as though等引导的方式状语从句中。 He did as(he was)told. 他按要求去做了。 [温馨提示]　①在虚拟语气中，常省略if，然后将were，should，助动词had移至句首，从句使用倒装句式。 Were I you (＝If I were you)，I should give that guy a good lesson. 如果我是你的话，我会好好教训那个家伙一顿。 ②常用的省略结构 ·if so　　　　　如果那样的话 if not 不然，要不 ·if anything 要说真有什么的话 ·if ever 如果曾经有过的话 ·if necessary 如果必要的话 ·if possible 如果可能的话 If(it is)necessary，I'll explain it to you again. 如果有必要的话，我会再向你解释一遍。 The climate here is quite pleasant，the temperature rarely，if ever，reaching 30 ℃ in summer. 这里的气候十分怡人，夏天的气温，如果有过的话，很少达到30 ℃。 3．定语从句中的省略 (1)一般说来，在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that，which，who，whom可以省略；而在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词不可以省略。 The man(whom)you saw yesterday fell ill. 你昨天见到的那个人病倒了。 The man，whom you saw yesterday，fell ill. 你昨天见到的那个人病倒了。 (2)当先行词是way，且引导词在定语从句中作方式状语时，引导词可用in which或that，也可以省略。 The way(in which/that)these comrades treat problems is wrong. 这些同志看待问题的方式是错误的。 ◎巧学活用2 (1)在句中能省略的部分下面画线 ①I believe that she will help you and that you will succeed. ②I'll give you all that I have as long as you are happy. ③Whenever it is possible，he will come to my help. 学生用书第76页 (2)用省略结构改写下列复合句 ④When he was asked about his marriage，he made no answer. →When asked about his marriage，he made no answer. ⑤Although he was hard-working，he couldn't earn enough to support himself. →Although hard-working，he couldn't earn enough to support himself. ⑥They don't use more water than it is necessary. →They don't use more water than necessary． ⑦He was knocked down while he was crossing the street. →He was knocked down while crossing the street. ⑧If it were necessary，I might resign. →Were it necessary，I might resign. NO.3　动词不定式中的省略 动词不定式中的省略现象可分为两种情况：一是动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的省略；二是动词不定式符号to的省略。 1．省略动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的情况 (1)一些表示心理活动，情感态度的动词或短语，如expect，want，hope，wish，love，hate，decide，plan，mean，try，would like，be glad等，动词不定式省略to后面的动词部分，但保留to。 —Will you go with me? —Well，I'd like to(go with you). ——你愿意和我一起去吗？ ——嗯，我愿意(和你一起去)。 (2)动词不定式作宾语补足语时，省略to后的动词部分，即用to代替整个动词不定式。 You'd better finish the job on time if he ordered you to(finish the job on time).如果他命令你(按时完成工作)，你最好按时完成工作。 [温馨提示]　如果该动词不定式后的动词是be或完成时态，则需在to后加上be或have。 —Are you a lawyer? —No，but I hope to be (a lawyer). ——你是律师吗？ ——不是，但是我希望是(一名律师)。 —Have you been to the West Lake? —I hope to have(been to the West Lake). ——你去过西湖吗？ ——我希望去过(西湖)。 2．省略动词不定式符号to的情况 (1)动词不定式作感官动词feel，see，notice，watch，find，hear，listen to，observe和使役动词have，make，let等的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号to省略。如果这些动词用于被动语态，其后的动词不定式符号to不能省略(但let除外)。 We often hear him sing the song at home. →He is often heard to sing the song at home. 我们经常听到他在家唱这首歌。 (2)两个或两个以上的动词不定式由连词and，or，than，but连接时，从第二个动词不定式起，往往省略动词不定式符号to。但如果强调对比之意时则不能省略。 She'd like to take off her coat and(to)have a break. 她想脱去外套休息一会儿。 It's more difficult to do than to say. (强调语意前后对比)做比说难。 (3)在why或why not引起的表示建议或责问的省略问句中。 Why get so excited？为什么变得那么激动？ (4)由all，what 引导的主语从句或者主语被the only，the first，the one，the least或形容词最高级修饰而且从句中含有实义动词do的某种形式时，其表语如果是动词不定式，则往往可省略to。 学生用书第77页 What you have to do is(to)study even harder to make preparations for your future. 你需要做的是更加努力学习为将来做准备。 The only thing to do now is(to)go on. 现在唯一能做的事是继续下去。 [温馨提示]　but，except作介词，后接动词不定式时，如果这些介词之前有实义动词do的某种形式，那么这些介词后的动词不定式不带to，反之则要带to。 She could do nothing but cry. 她除了哭什么也做不了。 He has no choice but to leave. 他别无选择只有离开。 ◎巧学活用3——单句语法填空 ①The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him not to． ②—Would you like to join me for a quick lunch before class? —I'd like to，but I promised Nancy to go out with her. ③I came not to scold but to praise(praise)you. NO.4　替代性省略 so和not作替代词，代替被省略的某个词(组)或句子，一般和表示个人看法或想法的动词连用，作be，become的表语或afraid，believe，do，expect，fear，hope，imagine，say，see，speak，suppose，think 等的宾语。not代替否定的句子，还可放在perhaps，probably，absolutely等副词后。 —Is he the best student in the class? ——他是班里最优秀的学生吗？ —I think so(＝I think he is the best student in the class)./I think not(＝I don't think he is the best student in the class). ——我认为是的(我认为他是班里最优秀的学生)。/我认为不是(我认为他不是班里最优秀的学生)。 ◎巧学活用4 (1)用省略结构改写句子 ①—Shall we have a test tomorrow? —I hope we won't have a test tomorrow. →—Shall we have a test tomorrow? —I hope not． (2)单句语法填空 ②—Do you think our team will win? —I don't think so． 学生用书第78页 典型句式讲透 句型公式：动词-ing形式(短语)作主语 (教材原句)Wearing a dress might be better than wearing jeans and boots.穿连衣裙可能比穿牛仔裤和靴子更好。 (1)动词-ing形式(短语)作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词通常用单数形式。 (2)该用法可以用it作形式主语，常见的能用于这种结构的形容词和名词有：good，no good，no use，useless等。　　 佳句 (2024·浙江1月卷)Jumping rope is a type of exercise suitable for students to do at break time in school.(活动介绍)跳绳是一种适合学生在学校休息时间做的运动。 单句语法填空/读后续写之动作描写 ①Having(have)friends means that you can have someone to talk to so that you don't feel lonely and depressed. ②Doing(do)exercises can help us keep healthy. ③告诉他不要担心是没有用的。 It is no use telling him not to worry. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $