精品解析：上海市上海大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期9月诊断测试英语试题

上海市上海大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期9月诊断测试 英语试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A(10分） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Wildlife in Decline The populations of Earth’s wild vertebrates (脊椎动物) have declined by 58% over the past four decades, according to the Living Planet Report 2016 published by the World Wildlife Fund. Climate change and activities such as deforestation and poaching (偷猎) are in large part ____1____ (blame) for the decline. If the trend continues, by 2020, the world ____2____ (lose) two-thirds of its vertebrate biodiversity. “Sadly, there is no sign yet ____3____ this rate will decrease,” the report says. “Across land, fresh water and the oceans, human activities are forcing wildlife populations to the edge,” says Marco Lambertini, director-general of WWF International. The Living Planet Report is published every two years. It aims to provide an assessment of the state of the world’s wildlife. The 2016 study included 3700 different species of birds, fish, mammals, amphibians and reptiles around the world. The team collected data from more than 3000 sources, including government statistics and surveys ____4____ (carry) out by conservation groups. They then analyzed ____5____ the population sizes had changed over time. Lambertini said some groups of animals had done worse than others. “We do see particularly strong declines ____6____ the freshwater environment. For freshwater species alone the decline stands at 81% since 1970. This is related to the way water ____7____(use) and taken out of freshwater systems, and also to the fragmentation (分裂) of freshwater systems through dam building, for example.” The report also highlighted other species, such as African elephants, ____8____ have suffered huge declines in recent years, and sharks, which are threatened by overfishing. ____9____ all the terrifying facts, however, some conservationists say there is still hope. “One of the things that I think is the most important is that these wild animals haven’t yet gone extinct,” said Robin Freeman, head of the Zoological Society of London. “On the whole, ______10______ are not dying out, and that means we still have opportunities to do something about the decline.” Section B (10分） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. characteristics B. diverse C. employ D. function E. issue F. integration G. hit H. military I. potential J. schemes K. wearers Future Fashion: Biometric Bodysuits A team of the Applied NanoBioscience Center at Arizona State University has built prototypes (原型) of biometric bodysuits. They can detect chemical attacks, deliver drugs to their ____11____, or even perfume scents if your body temperature rises too much. The ____12____ version of the Scentsory Chameleon Bodysuit incorporates fuel cells to provide a lightweight source of power for the soldier’s equipment. The civilian one can monitor your heart or blood pressure, deliver interactive games or simply work as a wearable computer. You will even be able to download new colors and patterns from the Web to change your appearance according to this article from East Valley Tribune in Arizona. Both versions should ____13____ the market within a few years. Frederic Zenhausern, director of the Applied NanoBioscience Center at ASU, has joined with Ghassan Jabbour, a professor at the University of Arizona, to develop two prototypes of “biometric bodysuits” that contain embedded sensors, power sources, microfluidic devices and other gadgets not normally associated with the latest Paris fashions. Such “smart” clothing could ____14____ future soldiers early warning of chemical attacks or automatically deliver insulin to diabetics, Zenhausemn said. “The biometric bodysuit shows how electronics and fluidics (流体学) can be incorporated into clothing to perform a wide range of ____15____ tasks, from highly functional to the aesthetic.” he said. The civilian Chameleon will have somewhat different ____16____. Its biometric outfit demonstrates how miniature electronics could be embedded in clothing to promote health. It is made of clear vinyl (乙烯基) and white plastics to show the placement of various electronic and fluidic devices. In the future, such an outfit could diagnose diseases and deliver medications to the wearer, monitor heart rate or blood pressure, deliver interactive games and other forms of entertainment or ____17____ as a wearable computer. Another possibility would be to download different designs from the Internet so the fabrio could change colors and patterns, Zenhausern said. And it could all be made to look stylish by the ____18____ of electronics and high-fashion designs, he said. In fact, the concept of embedding microelectronics in fabrics has ____19____ far beyond clothing. Sheila Kennedy, a Boston-based architect and visiting professor at the Harvard University Graduate School of Design, sees possibilities to _____20_____ the technology in building design. As an example, she said window shades containing organic light emitting diodes (二极管) could produce electricity from sunlight that would help generate power. II. Reading Comprehension Section A（15分） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank the word or phrase that best fits the context. The number of the best How big should a business team be? It is an enormously important issue for companies. Teams that are too small may ____21____ the skills required to get the job done; teams that are too big may be impossible to co-ordinate. Similar trade-offs may apply when it comes to firms as a whole. Start-ups are often short of staff. The founders must play a host of different ____22____, from obtaining finance to product development and marketing, for which they may not be equally suited. But the ____23____ is that they can have highly collaborative working environments. People who have worked for start-ups say the culture changes when the company reaches a certain ____24____. Patty McCord, formerly of Netflix, referred to the “stand-on-a-chair number”—the biggest group that can easily hear the boss ____25____ them. Robin Dunbar, an anthropologist (人类学家) at Oxford University, has done a lot of work on primate groups. His argument is that the size of the group is linked to the size of the brain. With their large brains, humans can cope with larger bands. A larger social group has many advantages, ____26____ greater protection and specialisation. Whereas 150 is sometimes referred to as the “Dunbar number”, the academic himself in fact refers to a range of ____27____. He observes that humans tend to have five intimate friends, 15 or so good friends, around 50 social friends and 150-odd acquaintances. Running a larger network can be difficult. So much time is needed to maintain relationships that their quality inevitably ____28____. The armed forces have spent millennia experimenting with unit size. A Roman centurion (百人队长) oversaw 100. The modern American army company has 180 members. Britain’s equivalent numbers 120. These are rough estimates, rather than rigid figures. But it is striking that many group activities seem to be ____29____ a Dunbar number. The Special Air Service, Britain’s elite fighting unit, has four-man patrols; when your life depends on it, you need to have absolute ______30______ in your colleagues. As a result, such groups are limited in size. Sports-team sizes ______31______ the playing area. There are five players in a basketball side and six in ice hockey; outdoors there are 11 players in football and cricket teams, and 7-15 in the various forms of rugby. Perhaps this is the optimal size for coaching purposes, or perhaps crowds would ______32______ to distinguish individual players if teams were larger. Small work teams may also tend towards these two size ranges. “If you want a committee to ______33______ something, limit it to four to five people,” says Mr Dunbar. “But to brainstorm in a meeting, you need 12-15.” Many companies use “agile” teams which draw employees from across the company; they tend to have between five and nine members. The modern company may settle on a ______34______ with a small group of “core” workers and a larger group of contract workers. The result may be more ______35______ within the core staff but the non-core staff may be less well treated. The small core teams may work effectively. The big question will be the effect on morale of those outside those teams. 21. A. demand B. lack C. cultivate D. sharpen 22. A. roles B. games C. cards D. missions 23. A. truth B. point C. upside D. goal 24. A. height B. level C. size D. degree 25. A. phone B. contact C. criticize D. address 26. A. calling for B. allowing for C. hoping for D. paying for 27. A. records B. networks C. circles D. figures 28. A. suffers B. thrives C. denied D. functions 29. A. similar with B. close to C. interested in D. equal to 30. A. trust B. will C. right D. advance 31. A. result in B. relate to C. arise from D. contribute to 32. A. rush B. compete C. struggle D. refuse 33. A. discuss B. decide C. judge D. facilitate 34. A. shape B. scale C. level D. construction 35. A. agreement B. innovation C. influence D. cohesion Section B（22分） Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) “Are you all right?” the student asked as she passed me in the hallway. I was in the final stretch of last work before writing my essay. The student, who was 4 years behind me in the same Ph.D. program, went on to say, “I see people from your group working so much, putting in extra hours, even at night.” It set me thinking a lot. As a first-year Ph.D. student, I was lucky to have kind and understanding advisers. But I felt overwhelming pressure to become a perfect student. I kept finding a million reasons why I was coming into graduate school at a disadvantage compared with my peers. As a student from Colombia, I had been educated at institutions my professors and colleagues had never heard of, I spoke with an accent that was hard to understand, and I was older than most of the people in my cohort. I noticed that most of the people around me seemed to be working all the time. I began to spend many weekday nights and weekends in the lab. But my strategy didn’t work. I crashed from burnout. The tiredness took a toll on my productivity and motivation. During one of many mindless Sundays in the office, I realized I’d fallen into the trap of assuming my colleagues’ work habits were the standard for belonging and being worthy of respect — and it wasn’t sustainable. From then on, I stopped counting the number of work hours I was putting in, leaving space every day for exercising and doing activities that I enjoyed. Eventually, I realized nobody was keeping track of the amount of time I spent in the lab anyway and it wasn’t something I needed to worry about. I noticed that having more time for myself made me more rested and motivated when I went back to work. I continued quietly along this path for years, until that conversation in the hallway. So, when I ran into her again, weeks later, I told her that even though I was feeling a lot of pressure in the final year of my Ph.D., I was putting my mental and physical health first and wasn’t working overtime. I also began to talk with other students about how quality sleep, physical activity, healthy eating, and reasonable work hours were a daily part of my routine. 36. What can we learn about the student? A. He spent much time in lab work. B. He had finished the Ph.D. program. C. He was concerned about the author. D. He was putting in extra hours at night. 37. How does the author feel about his work at first? A. Anxious. B. Ambitious. C. Dissatisfied. D. Enthusiastic. 38. Which can replace the underlined phrase “took a toll on” in Para. 3? A. Added fuel to. B. Had a negative impact on. C. Cast new light on. D. Depended too much on. 39. What does the author intend to tell us? A. A healthy work-life balance counts. B. A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit. C. Fitting in doesn’t mean working overtime. D. Nothing is difficult to the man who will try. (B) Modern Services When you’re working a full-time job, studying or on the hunt for work, life can feel exhausting. The good news is that modern technology has made life easier in many ways, and with the following services, you’ll find you have more time and energy for the things that matter. Meal kit delivery services Meal kit delivery services are one of the most underestimated innovations of the 21st century. How they work is simple. At the beginning you choose how many people need to eat in your household. Then, what your dietary requirements are, and any other preferences. Finally, you get to choose which meal kits will be delivered to your door. No matter your diet, you can have an appropriate meal kit delivered. For example, check out these low carb meal delivery options. The kit comes complete with all the ingredients you need, already prepared. All you have to do is to follow the simple recipe to put them together and pop your meal in the oven. With meal kit delivery, you don’t have to worry about cooking or spending money on takeout. Your trips to the grocery store will become easier and you’ll waste less money and food. Task Rabbit One of the most frustrating aspects of having a place you call your own is that you have to take care of the maintenance. Even if you are renting, there are certain tasks that your landlord will expect you to see to, whether a leaky tap or a problematic electrical appliance. For this, Task Rabbit connects you with freelancers who are willing to take on just about any task for you. You can hire someone to take care of your leaky tap rather than spending your own time and energy doing it. You’re giving someone work while enjoying your time off. Postmates Finally, one of the most convenient and useful services is, of course, Postmates. With Postmates, you can get just about anything delivered or deliver something yourself. You can get someone to do your groceries for you — simply make a list of what you need and choose whether the shopper should call you if something is out or if they can decide on replacements themselves. You can also use it for takeout, to send or receive documents, and any other delivery needs you have. We live in an age of convenience, and we should take advantage of it. Start using the above services and you’ll see your stress levels drop. 40. What will people first do to enjoy Meal kit delivery services? A. To check out some options. B. To pop your meal in the oven. C. To confirm the exact number of people. D. To follow the simple recipe to put them together. 41. Which of the following is TRUE about the three modern services? A. Task Rabbit connects your landlord with freelances who are willing to take care of maintenance. B. With your permission on Postmates, the delivery man can decide on replacements themselves. C. The three services can make people easily enjoy their lives and help them save money. D The three services can help people feel less stressful and appeal to young people. 42. Where is the passage most likely to be taken from? A. A magazine B. A book review C. A novel D. An instruction manual. (C) If you’ve scrolled through your Facebook feed recently, you may have noticed something surprising: lots and lots of short videos. What makes this “Reels” feature strange is that it is hugely addictive, which I know quite well from my own personal experience. Last Friday, I took a break and hit on one short clip of someone making dinner and, well, the next time I looked up it was 20 minutes later and the blank document on my computer monitor was confirming to me that my work was still not done. However, as silly as it seems, Reels-is actually super important, and is at the centre of a major battle between the world’s largest tech firms. The format (格式) was first pioneered by TikTok-the Chinese-owned video app that has taken the world by storm since it launched in 2016. Today, TikTok has around 23 million UK users every month-including basically every person you know under the age of 25. And that fact has made Facebook and its parent company, Meta, very nervous indeed. As TikTok has continued to boom, Facebook has actually fallen in popularity among “Gen Z”. The reason Tik Tok has proven such a powerful challenger to Facebook’s social media dominance is almost entirely down to these sorts of short-form videos. The format is almost perfectly optimised to be as addictive as possible: Tik Tok’s app shows you a short-form video, and if you don’t like it, you can simply swipe it away and another one will start playing instantly. And because it is portrait, not landscape, videos look “right” when viewed on your phone. What’s also smart is that TikTok’s algorithm (算法) picks videos for you based on what you actually watch, and not what you say you want. Facebook isn’t the only app trying to do what TikTok does so well. Instagram, which is owned by Facebook’s parent company Meta, has integrated Reels even more aggressively into its app. And even Google is nervous, launching its own TikTok-style video section of YouTube(which it owns)a couple of years ago. As things stand, though TikTok currently maintains a healthy lead in the category, both YouTube and Facebook have deep pockets-so expect to see even more Reels and Shorts popping up in your feed as this intense battle continues to rage. You won’t be able to take your eyes off them. 43. Why did the author mention his own experience in paragraph 2? A. To illustrate the feature of short videos. B. To stress the importance of short videos. C. To prove his preference to short videos. D. To introduce the functions of short videos. 44. What do we know about TikTok according to the passage? A. It has shown the trend of the fall in popularity among “Gen Z”. B. It is perceived as a potential threat to Facebook’s social media dominance. C. Its number of registered UK users has reached 23 million since it launched in 2016. D. It underestimates the essential role of short videos in competition with large tech firms. 45. What makes the short videos on TikTok App so popular? A. The beautiful visual effects. B. The high video quality. C. The random recommendation. D. The quick switch between videos. 46. What is the message conveyed in the last paragraph? A. The short videos have a profound impact on our daily life. B. TikTok seems to be losing its advantage over short videos in the short run. C. YouTube and Facebook may encounter financial difficulties in developing Shorts. D. A growing number of tech firms have engaged in fierce competition for the short video market. Section C (8分） Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Could a New Battery Solve Our Energy Problem? Researchers in the US have made headlines worldwide by developing a new type of battery that charges far faster and holds way more charge than today’s lithium cells (锂电池). It’s not just a terrific technology story, either. The team behind it is led by tech legend Prof John Goodenough of the University of Texas, Austin—the co-inventor of the original lithium-ion battery, and still doing brilliant work at the age of 94. ____47____ That’s why we’re still using 21st-Century gadgetry with one eye on battery, wondering if we can get to a charger before our device goes completely dead. This depressing state of affairs is more than simply inconvenient. If we’re to make the most of renewable energy, we need ways of coping with those times when the wind drops or there’s no sunshine. ____48____ Elon Musk, the billionaire boss of electric car company Tesla, certainly thinks so. He’s already created a 20 megawatt battery ‘farm’ in California, and is willing to put his money where his batteries are. ____49____ For example, one wind farm in Hawaii had three fires in its battery ‘farm’ within a year of opening. But now Goodenough and his team may have found the answer, by switching from lithium to sodium (钠). The lithium batteries that made Goodenough’s reputation contain a liquid electrolyte (电解质) which doesn’t respond well to rapid charging. One of Goodenough’s colleagues Maria Braga, decided that the answer lay in switching to solid electrolytes. The team has now managed to get a solid glass electrolyte to work with sodium, which is similar to lithium but far more common. ____50____ The battery has triple the charge of its lithium equivalent, it charges in minutes rather than hours, and it has a longer lifespan. Advances in energy storage are vital if renewable are going to reach their potential. The boundless energy of Goodenough—the Li-ion King himself—may just have found the solution just in time. A. Batteries that store energy for those times is one pretty obvious solution. B. No one seriously questions the need for wind and solar power to be part of global energy strategy. C The result is transformational. D. Yet not everyone is convinced current battery technology is up to the job. E. While computing power famously doubles every two years, battery performance has barely doubled in 20. F. Commercialisation may take a decade, though it could happen faster. III. Summary Writing （10分） 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Will people reduce car use in 20 years？ Nowadays, the ownership of cars is no longer being recognized as a symbol of one’s wealth and social position. Tracking back to the past when only the rich were qualified to possess private cars, we couldn’t help marveling at the historic change such a convenient invention brought to people’s daily lives. Nevertheless, the increase in the number of car owners is spelling many negative effects. These rising problems also cause some people to predict that the use of cars might be reduced in two decades. Above all the use of cars remarkably threatens our environment, if such a tendency is not brought under control in time, the Earth will no longer be a suitable place for humans to survive in the future. People have to face the consequence. It is a reality from which no one is able to escape. Every day, thousands of private cars are emitting tons of exhausted gas that seriously pollutes the air. The carbon dioxide leads to the worldwide greenhouse effect, which causes the sea level to rise and produces negative impacts on weather. In addition, more energy is being wasted because of the production of private cars. In order to build a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society, people ought to reduce the use of cars. In fact, diversified measures are being taken by the government to limit the use of cars. If such a tendency continues, the effect will be shown in the near future. For example, to reach the goal of building a safe and harmonious society, Beijing Traffic Management Bureau has restricted regional traffic in rush hours on working days. A number of private cars are prohibited on no-driving-days. Last, the advancement of public transportation systems also helps change car owners’ way of travelling. Efforts are being made to construct more agreeable networks of buses, subways, trains and airplanes. In the meanwhile, advances in technology might help cut down the cost of travelling in public vehicles. IV. Translation （15分） Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 在这部电视剧中，他的表演浑然天成，备受赞誉。(appreciate) (汉译英) 53. 我们都没有想到，那个曾经腼腆的男孩竟然能在演讲比赛中一举夺魁。 (It) (汉译英) 54. 这场创新的阅兵式留给观众深刻印象，提醒我们铭记历史，珍爱和平。（impress）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 55. 当你遇到意想不到的挑战时，当务之急是找到问题的关键和解决对策，而不是坐在那里自怨自艾。 (rather than) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing（25 分） 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近收到好友Mike的邮件。在邮件中，Mike表示自己因为拖延症 (procrastination)而耽误了重要事情，想请你提一些建议，如何克服拖延症。回复一封邮件，内容须包括： 1）造成拖延症的原因和危害 2）你的建议。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 上海市上海大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期9月诊断测试 英语试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A(10分） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Wildlife in Decline The populations of Earth’s wild vertebrates (脊椎动物) have declined by 58% over the past four decades, according to the Living Planet Report 2016 published by the World Wildlife Fund. Climate change and activities such as deforestation and poaching (偷猎) are in large part ____1____ (blame) for the decline. If the trend continues, by 2020, the world ____2____ (lose) two-thirds of its vertebrate biodiversity. “Sadly, there is no sign yet ____3____ this rate will decrease,” the report says. “Across land, fresh water and the oceans, human activities are forcing wildlife populations to the edge,” says Marco Lambertini, director-general of WWF International. The Living Planet Report is published every two years. It aims to provide an assessment of the state of the world’s wildlife. The 2016 study included 3700 different species of birds, fish, mammals, amphibians and reptiles around the world. The team collected data from more than 3000 sources, including government statistics and surveys ____4____ (carry) out by conservation groups. They then analyzed ____5____ the population sizes had changed over time. Lambertini said some groups of animals had done worse than others. “We do see particularly strong declines ____6____ the freshwater environment. For freshwater species alone, the decline stands at 81% since 1970. This is related to the way water ____7____(use) and taken out of freshwater systems, and also to the fragmentation (分裂) of freshwater systems through dam building, for example.” The report also highlighted other species such as African elephants, ____8____ have suffered huge declines in recent years, and sharks, which are threatened by overfishing. ____9____ all the terrifying facts, however, some conservationists say there is still hope. “One of the things that I think is the most important is that these wild animals haven’t yet gone extinct,” said Robin Freeman, head of the Zoological Society of London. “On the whole, ______10______ are not dying out, and that means we still have opportunities to do something about the decline.” 【答案】1. to blame 2. will have lost 3. that 4. carried 5. how 6. in 7. is used 8. which 9. In spite of 10. they 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了《2016年地球生命报告》，分析了野生动物减少的现状及原因。 1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：气候变化以及森林砍伐和偷猎等活动是导致犀牛数量减少的主要原因。根据句意可知，此处是固定短语be to blame for“对……应负责任；应该为……负责任”。故填to blame。 【2题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：如果这一趋势继续下去，到2020年，世界将失去三分之二的脊椎动物生物多样性。根据条件状语从句及时间状语If the trend continues, by 2020可知，此处使用将来完成时，表示到将来某个时间点会完成的事情。故填will have lost。 【3题详解】 考查同位语从句。句意：“遗憾的是，目前还没有迹象表明这一比率会下降，”报告说。此处是sign的同位语从句，从句句意完整、不缺成分，应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：该小组从3000多个来源收集数据，包括政府统计数据和保护组织进行的调查。此处与surveys是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，做后置定语，表被动、完成。故填carried。 【5题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：然后分析了数量规模随着时间的推移发生了怎样的变化。此处是宾语从句，连接词在从句中作方式状语，表示“怎样”，应用how引导。故填how。 【6题详解】 考查介词。句意：我们确实看到淡水环境出现了特别严重的下降。根据句意可知，此处表示“在……中”，应用介词in。故填in。 【7题详解】 考查动词时态及语态。句意：这与淡水系统使用和提取水的方式有关，例如，也与建造水坝导致淡水系统破碎有关。根据语境可知，此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，water与use是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is used。 【8题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：该报告还强调了其他物种，如非洲象，近年来遭受了巨大的减少，鲨鱼，受到过度捕捞的威胁。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是African elephants，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 【9题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：然而，尽管有这些可怕的事实，一些自然资源保护主义者说，希望仍然存在。根据句意及空后名词短语all the terrifying facts可知，此处应用介词短语in spite of“尽管”，作让步状语。故填in spite of。 【10题详解】 考查代词。句意：总体而言，它们还没有灭绝，这意味着我们仍有机会对数量的减少做些什么。根据语境可知，此处指代上文提到的动物，作主语，应用代词they。故填they。 Section B (10分） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. characteristics B. diverse C. employ D. function E. issue F. integration G. hit H. military I. potential J. schemes K. wearers Future Fashion: Biometric Bodysuits A team of the Applied NanoBioscience Center at Arizona State University has built prototypes (原型) of biometric bodysuits. They can detect chemical attacks, deliver drugs to their ____11____, or even perfume scents if your body temperature rises too much. The ____12____ version of the Scentsory Chameleon Bodysuit incorporates fuel cells to provide a lightweight source of power for the soldier’s equipment. The civilian one can monitor your heart or blood pressure, deliver interactive games or simply work as a wearable computer. You will even be able to download new colors and patterns from the Web to change your appearance according to this article from East Valley Tribune in Arizona. Both versions should ____13____ the market within a few years. Frederic Zenhausern, director of the Applied NanoBioscience Center at ASU, has joined with Ghassan Jabbour, a professor at the University of Arizona, to develop two prototypes of “biometric bodysuits” that contain embedded sensors, power sources, microfluidic devices and other gadgets not normally associated with the latest Paris fashions. Such “smart” clothing could ____14____ future soldiers early warning of chemical attacks or automatically deliver insulin to diabetics, Zenhausemn said. “The biometric bodysuit shows how electronics and fluidics (流体学) can be incorporated into clothing to perform a wide range of ____15____ tasks, from highly functional to the aesthetic.” he said. The civilian Chameleon will have somewhat different ____16____. Its biometric outfit demonstrates how miniature electronics could be embedded in clothing to promote health. It is made of clear vinyl (乙烯基) and white plastics to show the placement of various electronic and fluidic devices. In the future, such an outfit could diagnose diseases and deliver medications to the wearer, monitor heart rate or blood pressure, deliver interactive games and other forms of entertainment or ____17____ as a wearable computer. Another possibility would be to download different designs from the Internet so the fabrio could change colors and patterns, Zenhausern said. And it could all be made to look stylish by the ____18____ of electronics and high-fashion designs, he said. In fact, the concept of embedding microelectronics in fabrics has ____19____ far beyond clothing. Sheila Kennedy, a Boston-based architect and visiting professor at the Harvard University Graduate School of Design, sees possibilities to _____20_____ the technology in building design. As an example, she said window shades containing organic light emitting diodes (二极管) could produce electricity from sunlight that would help generate power. 【答案】11. K 12. H 13. G 14. E 15. B 16. A 17. D 18. F 19. I 20. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了亚利桑那州立大学应用纳米生物科学中心的一个团队已经制造出了生物识别紧身衣的原型。它们可以探测化学攻击，给佩戴者送去药物，甚至在你体温过高时发出香水味。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：它们可以探测化学攻击，给佩戴者送去药物，甚至在你体温过高时发出香水味。分析句子可知，空前their为形容词性物主代词，此处为名词形式，wearers“佩戴者”为名词，符合句意。故选K项。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：军用版本的嗅觉变色龙紧身衣结合了燃料电池，为士兵的装备提供了一种轻量级的电源。分析句子可知，空后为名词version，此处为形容词作定语修饰该名词，military“军用的”为形容词，符合句意。故选H项。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：两种版本都将在几年内上市。分析句子可知，此处为动词作句子的谓语成分，hit the market“进入市场”为固定动词短语，符合句意。故选G项。 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意：Zenhausemn说，这种“智能”服装可以为未来的士兵提供化学攻击的早期预警，或者为糖尿病患者自动输送胰岛素。分析句子可知，空前could为情态动词，此处为动词和空前的情态动词构成谓语成分，issue“提供”为动词，符合句意。故选E项。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：生物识别紧身衣展示了如何将电子和流体技术融入服装中，以执行各种各样的任务，从高功能到美学。分析句子可知，空后tasks为名词，此处为形容词作定语修饰该名词，diverse“各种各样的”为形容词，符合句意。故选B项。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：民用变色龙紧身衣将有一些不同的特点。分析句子可知，空前different为形容词，此处为复数名词形式，characteristics“特点”为名词，符合句意。故选A项。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：在未来，这样的装备可以诊断疾病并为佩戴者提供药物，监测心率或血压，提供互动游戏和其他形式的娱乐或作为可穿戴电脑的功能。分析句子可知，空前为or连接的entertainment为名词，此处也应为名词形式，构成并列结构，function“功能”为名词，符合句意。故选D项。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：他说，通过电子产品和高级时装设计的结合，这些东西看起来都很时尚。分析句子可知，空前为定冠词the，此处为名词形式，integration“结合”为名词，符合句意。故选F项。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：事实上，在织物中嵌入微电子的概念的潜力远远超出了服装。分析句子可知，空前has是谓语动词，此处为名词形式作宾语成分，potential“潜力”为名词，符合句意。故选I项。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：波士顿建筑师、哈佛大学设计研究生院客座教授希拉·肯尼迪（Sheila Kennedy）看到了在建筑设计中应用这项技术的可能性。分析句子可知，空前to为不定式符号，此处为动词原形，employ“应用，使用”为动词原形，符合句意。故选C项。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A（15分） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank the word or phrase that best fits the context. The number of the best How big should a business team be? It is an enormously important issue for companies. Teams that are too small may ____21____ the skills required to get the job done; teams that are too big may be impossible to co-ordinate. Similar trade-offs may apply when it comes to firms as a whole. Start-ups are often short of staff. The founders must play a host of different ____22____, from obtaining finance to product development and marketing, for which they may not be equally suited. But the ____23____ is that they can have highly collaborative working environments. People who have worked for start-ups say the culture changes when the company reaches a certain ____24____. Patty McCord, formerly of Netflix, referred to the “stand-on-a-chair number”—the biggest group that can easily hear the boss ____25____ them. Robin Dunbar, an anthropologist (人类学家) at Oxford University, has done a lot of work on primate groups. His argument is that the size of the group is linked to the size of the brain. With their large brains, humans can cope with larger bands. A larger social group has many advantages, ____26____ greater protection and specialisation. Whereas 150 is sometimes referred to as the “Dunbar number”, the academic himself in fact refers to a range of ____27____. He observes that humans tend to have five intimate friends, 15 or so good friends, around 50 social friends and 150-odd acquaintances. Running a larger network can be difficult. So much time is needed to maintain relationships that their quality inevitably ____28____. The armed forces have spent millennia experimenting with unit size. A Roman centurion (百人队长) oversaw 100. The modern American army company has 180 members. Britain’s equivalent numbers 120. These are rough estimates, rather than rigid figures. But it is striking that many group activities seem to be ____29____ a Dunbar number. The Special Air Service, Britain’s elite fighting unit, has four-man patrols; when your life depends on it, you need to have absolute ______30______ in your colleagues. As a result, such groups are limited in size. Sports-team sizes ______31______ the playing area. There are five players in a basketball side and six in ice hockey; outdoors there are 11 players in football and cricket teams, and 7-15 in the various forms of rugby. Perhaps this is the optimal size for coaching purposes, or perhaps crowds would ______32______ to distinguish individual players if teams were larger. Small work teams may also tend towards these two size ranges. “If you want a committee to ______33______ something, limit it to four to five people,” says Mr Dunbar. “But to brainstorm in a meeting, you need 12-15.” Many companies use “agile” teams which draw employees from across the company; they tend to have between five and nine members. The modern company may settle on a ______34______ with a small group of “core” workers and a larger group of contract workers. The result may be more ______35______ within the core staff but the non-core staff may be less well treated. The small core teams may work effectively. The big question will be the effect on morale of those outside those teams. 21. A. demand B. lack C. cultivate D. sharpen 22. A. roles B. games C. cards D. missions 23. A. truth B. point C. upside D. goal 24. A. height B. level C. size D. degree 25. A. phone B. contact C. criticize D. address 26. A. calling for B. allowing for C. hoping for D. paying for 27. A. records B. networks C. circles D. figures 28. A. suffers B. thrives C. denied D. functions 29. A. similar with B. close to C. interested in D. equal to 30. A. trust B. will C. right D. advance 31. A. result in B. relate to C. arise from D. contribute to 32. A. rush B. compete C. struggle D. refuse 33. A. discuss B. decide C. judge D. facilitate 34. A. shape B. scale C. level D. construction 35. A. agreement B. innovation C. influence D. cohesion 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. C 25. D 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. A 31. B 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述的是一个团队和组织的最佳规模数字是多少。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：团队太小可能缺乏完成工作所需技能；团队太大则可能难以协调。A. demand要求；B. lack缺少；C. cultivate培养；D. sharpen变锋利。根据下文中的“ teams that are too big may be impossible to co-ordinate.”以及常识可知，此处为团队小造成的结果是“缺少”工作需要的技能。故选B项。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：创始人必须扮演许多不同的角色，从融资到产品开发和营销，他们可能并不同样适合这些角色。A. roles角色，作用；B. games比赛；C. cards卡片；D. missions任务。根据下文中的“from obtaining finance to product development and marketing”可知，此处指的是创始人所承担的“角色”很多。故选A项。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但好处是他们可以拥有高度协作的工作环境。A. truth真相，事实；B. point点；C. upside优势，好的一面；D. goal目标。根据下文中的表语从句“that they can have highly collaborative working environments.”可知，此处指的是员工少的“好处，优势”。故选C项。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在初创公司工作过的人说，当公司达到一定规模时，文化就会发生变化。A. height高度；B. level水平；C. size尺寸；D. degree程度。根据上文中的“People who have worked for start-ups say the culture changes”以及本文的主题可知，此处指的是公司达到一定“规模”后，文化会随着变化。故选C项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：前网飞公司的Patty McCord提到了“站在椅子上的人数”——能轻易听到老板对他们讲话的最大群体。A. phone给……打电话B. contact联系；C. criticize批评；D. address向……讲话，演讲。根据上文中的“the biggest group that can easily hear the boss”可知，能听到的应该指的是老板“向他们讲话”。故选D项。 【26题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：一个更大的社会群体有很多优势，可以得到更大的保护和专业化。A. calling for要求；B. allowing for 考虑到；C. hoping for希望；D. paying for赔偿，为……付钱。根据上文中的“A larger social group has many advantages”可知，此处解释这些优势所指的内容，所以此处为“考虑到”符合语境。故选B项。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管150有时被称为“邓巴数字”，但实际上，这位学者自己指的是一系列数字。A. records记录；B. networks网络；C. circles圆形；D. figures数字。根据下文中“He observes that humans tend to have five intimate friends, 15 or so good friends, around 50 social friends and 150-odd acquaintances.”所涉及到的数字可知，此处指的是一系列的“数字”。故选D项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：维持关系需要太多的时间，以至于关系的质量不可避免地受到影响。A. suffers遭受；B. thrives兴旺；C. denied否决；D. functions运转。根据上文中的“So much time is needed to maintain relationships”可知，把时间都用到维系关系方面，势必质量会“受损”。故选A项。 【29题详解】 考查形容词短语词义辨析。句意：但令人惊讶的是，许多团体活动似乎接近邓巴数字。A. similar with与……相似；B. close to接近……；C. interested in对……感兴趣；D. equal to等同于。根据下文中的“The Special Air Service, Britain’s elite fighting unit, has four-man patrols”可知，此处指的是团队的人数“很接近”邓巴数字。故选B项。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：英国精锐战斗部队特种空勤团(Special Air Service)有四人巡逻；当成员的生命取决于它时，你需要对你的同事有绝对的信任。A. trust信任；B. will意愿；C. right权利；D. advance前进。根据上文中的“when your life depends on it”可知，当成员的生命取决于团队时，需要的就是成员间的“信任”。故选A项。 【31题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：运动队的规模与比赛场地有关。A. result in导致；B. relate to涉及，有关；C. arise from由……引起；D. contribute to有助于。根据下文中的“here are five players in a basketball side and six in ice hockey; outdoors there are 11 players in football and cricket teams, and 7-15 in the various forms of rugby.”可知，运动的规模“与场地有关”。故选B项。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许对于教练来说，这是最理想的规模，或者如果球队规模更大，观众就很难区分单个球员。A. rush冲，催促；B. compete竞争；C. struggle挣扎，努力；D. refuse拒绝。根据下文中的“to distinguish individual players if teams were larger.”可知，团队太大，观众就很难分辨球员，所以此处应为struggle意为“很难进行”符合语境。故选C项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：邓巴先生说:“如果你想让一个委员会来决定某件事，那就限制在4到5人之内。”A. discuss讨论；B. decide决定；C. judge判断；D. facilitate促进。根据下文中的“But to brainstorm in a meeting, you need 12-15.”可知，让大家讨论的话，就多一点人参与，与此处的限制4到5人对应，结合语境可知，此处指的是“做决定”时，人数要少一些。故选B项。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现代公司的组建可能会采取这样一种模型，即一小部分“核心”员工加上大部分的合同工。A. shape形状；B. scale规模；C. level水平；D. construction构建，结构。根据下文中的“with a small group of “core” workers and a larger group of contract workers.”可知，此处指的是现代公司的“构成模式”。故选D项。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：其结果可能是核心员工更有凝聚力，但非核心员工可能得不到良好的待遇。A. agreement同意，协议；B. innovation改革；C. influence影响；D. cohesion凝聚力。根据下文“but the non-core staff may be less well treated”中的but可知，此处指的是这种组成模式的优点，所以“凝聚力”符合语境。故选D项。 Section B（22分） Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) “Are you all right?” the student asked as she passed me in the hallway. I was in the final stretch of last work before writing my essay. The student, who was 4 years behind me in the same Ph.D. program, went on to say, “I see people from your group working so much, putting in extra hours, even at night.” It set me thinking a lot. As a first-year Ph.D. student, I was lucky to have kind and understanding advisers. But I felt overwhelming pressure to become a perfect student. I kept finding a million reasons why I was coming into graduate school at a disadvantage compared with my peers. As a student from Colombia, I had been educated at institutions my professors and colleagues had never heard of, I spoke with an accent that was hard to understand, and I was older than most of the people in my cohort. I noticed that most of the people around me seemed to be working all the time. I began to spend many weekday nights and weekends in the lab. But my strategy didn’t work. I crashed from burnout. The tiredness took a toll on my productivity and motivation. During one of many mindless Sundays in the office, I realized I’d fallen into the trap of assuming my colleagues’ work habits were the standard for belonging and being worthy of respect — and it wasn’t sustainable. From then on, I stopped counting the number of work hours I was putting in, leaving space every day for exercising and doing activities that I enjoyed. Eventually, I realized nobody was keeping track of the amount of time I spent in the lab anyway and it wasn’t something I needed to worry about. I noticed that having more time for myself made me more rested and motivated when I went back to work. I continued quietly along this path for years, until that conversation in the hallway. So, when I ran into her again, weeks later, I told her that even though I was feeling a lot of pressure in the final year of my Ph.D., I was putting my mental and physical health first and wasn’t working overtime. I also began to talk with other students about how quality sleep, physical activity, healthy eating, and reasonable work hours were a daily part of my routine. 36. What can we learn about the student? A. He spent much time in lab work. B. He had finished the Ph.D. program. C. He was concerned about the author. D. He was putting in extra hours at night. 37. How does the author feel about his work at first? A. Anxious. B. Ambitious. C. Dissatisfied. D. Enthusiastic. 38. Which can replace the underlined phrase “took a toll on” in Para. 3? A. Added fuel to. B. Had a negative impact on. C. Cast new light on. D. Depended too much on. 39. What does the author intend to tell us? A. A healthy work-life balance counts. B. A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit. C. Fitting in doesn’t mean working overtime. D. Nothing is difficult to the man who will try. 【答案】36. C 37. A 38. B 39. A 【解析】 【导语】本文为夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述自己博士生的经历，讨论了在研究生院时，如何避免过度工作和压力，保持身心健康，提高个人工作效率。 36题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段““Are you all right?” the student asked as she passed me in the hallway. I was in the final stretch of last work before writing my essay. The student, who was 4 years behind me in the same Ph.D. program, went on to say, “I see people from your group working so much, putting in extra hours, even at night.”(“你没事吧?”那个学生在走廊里从我身边经过时问道。在写论文之前，我正处于最后一项工作的最后阶段。那个比我晚4年读博士的学生接着说：“我看到你们组的人工作很努力，加班加点，甚至在晚上也加班。”)”可知，这个学生关注作者的情况，询问作者身体状况，所以是很关心作者。故选C项。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“As a first-year Ph.D. student, I was lucky to have kind and understanding advisers. But I felt overwhelming pressure to become a perfect student. I kept finding a million reasons why I was coming into graduate school at a disadvantage compared with my peers. As a student from Colombia, I had been educated at institutions my professors and colleagues had never heard of, I spoke with an accent that was hard to understand, and I was older than most of the people in my cohort.(作为一名一年级的博士生，我很幸运有善良、善解人意的导师。但我感到了成为一个完美学生的巨大压力。我一直在找无数个理由，为什么我进入研究生院时，与同龄人相比处于劣势。作为一名来自哥伦比亚的学生，我在教授和同事们从未听说过的机构接受教育，我说话的口音让人听不懂，而且我比同龄人中的大多数人都年长)”可知，作者在刚开始的时候感到压力很大，担心自己的口音和年龄，所以起初作者是感觉焦虑的。故选A项。 【38题详解】 词句猜测题。根据前文“I crashed from burnout.(我精疲力竭了)”以及后文“During one of many mindless Sundays in the office, I realized I’d fallen into the trap of assuming my colleagues’ work habits were the standard for belonging and being worthy of respect—and it wasn’t sustainable.(在办公室里度过的一个毫无头脑的星期天里，我意识到自己掉进了一个陷阱，以为同事的工作习惯就是归属感和值得尊重的标准——而这是不可持续的)”可知，作者精疲力竭，在办公室工作时，毫无头绪，所以疲劳影响了他的工作效率，推知took a toll on是“对……有负面影响”之意，和B项意思相近。故选B项。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“From then on, I stopped counting the number of work hours I was putting in, leaving space every day for exercising and doing activities that I enjoyed. Eventually, I realized nobody was keeping track of the amount of time I spent in the lab anyway and it wasn’t something I needed to worry about.(从那时起，我不再计算我投入的工作时间，每天留出时间锻炼和做我喜欢的活动。最终，我意识到没有人记录我在实验室里花了多少时间，这不是我需要担心的事情)”以及最后一段“So, when I ran into her again, weeks later, I told her that even though I was feeling a lot of pressure in the final year of my Ph.D., I was putting my mental and physical health first and wasn’t working overtime. I also began to talk with other students about how quality sleep, physical activity, healthy eating, and reasonable work hours were a daily part of my routine.(所以，几周后，当我再次遇到她时，我告诉她，尽管我在博士学位的最后一年感到压力很大，但我还是把心理和身体健康放在第一位，没有加班。我也开始和其他学生谈论高质量的睡眠、体育锻炼、健康的饮食和合理的工作时间是我日常生活的一部分)”可知，作者主要想要告诉读者健康的工作与生活平衡很重要。故选A项。 (B) Modern Services When you’re working a full-time job, studying or on the hunt for work, life can feel exhausting. The good news is that modern technology has made life easier in many ways, and with the following services, you’ll find you have more time and energy for the things that matter. Meal kit delivery services Meal kit delivery services are one of the most underestimated innovations of the 21st century. How they work is simple. At the beginning you choose how many people need to eat in your household. Then, what your dietary requirements are, and any other preferences. Finally, you get to choose which meal kits will be delivered to your door. No matter your diet, you can have an appropriate meal kit delivered. For example, check out these low carb meal delivery options. The kit comes complete with all the ingredients you need, already prepared. All you have to do is to follow the simple recipe to put them together and pop your meal in the oven. With meal kit delivery, you don’t have to worry about cooking or spending money on takeout. Your trips to the grocery store will become easier and you’ll waste less money and food. Task Rabbit One of the most frustrating aspects of having a place you call your own is that you have to take care of the maintenance. Even if you are renting, there are certain tasks that your landlord will expect you to see to, whether a leaky tap or a problematic electrical appliance. For this, Task Rabbit connects you with freelancers who are willing to take on just about any task for you. You can hire someone to take care of your leaky tap rather than spending your own time and energy doing it. You’re giving someone work while enjoying your time off. Postmates Finally, one of the most convenient and useful services is, of course, Postmates. With Postmates, you can get just about anything delivered or deliver something yourself. You can get someone to do your groceries for you — simply make a list of what you need and choose whether the shopper should call you if something is out or if they can decide on replacements themselves. You can also use it for takeout, to send or receive documents, and any other delivery needs you have. We live in an age of convenience, and we should take advantage of it. Start using the above services and you’ll see your stress levels drop. 40. What will people first do to enjoy Meal kit delivery services? A. To check out some options. B. To pop your meal in the oven. C. To confirm the exact number of people. D. To follow the simple recipe to put them together. 41. Which of the following is TRUE about the three modern services? A. Task Rabbit connects your landlord with freelances who are willing to take care of maintenance. B. With your permission on Postmates, the delivery man can decide on replacements themselves. C. The three services can make people easily enjoy their lives and help them save money. D. The three services can help people feel less stressful and appeal to young people. 42. Where is the passage most likely to be taken from? A. A magazine B. A book review C. A novel D. An instruction manual. 【答案】40. C 41. B 42. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了三款让生活更便捷的现代科技发明。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“At the beginning you choose how many people need to eat in your household.(首先，你要选择家里有多少人需要吃饭。)”可知，使用食材配送服务首先要确认用餐人数。故选C项。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第七段“You can get someone to do your groceries for you — simply make a list of what you need and choose whether the shopper should call you if something is out or if they can decide on replacements themselves.(你可以找人帮你代购杂货 —— 只需列出你需要的物品，并选择如果某样东西缺货，代购员是应该打电话通知你，还是可以自行决定替换商品。)”可知，在Postmates平台上，经过你的允许，购物者可以自行决定替换商品。故选B项。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“When you’re working a full-time job, studying or on the hunt for work, life can feel exhausting. The good news is that modern technology has made life easier in many ways, and with the following services, you’ll find you have more time and energy for the things that matter.(当你从事全职工作、学习或正在找工作时，生活可能会让人感到疲惫。好消息是，现代科技在很多方面让生活变得更轻松，借助以下这些服务，你会发现自己能拥有更多时间和精力去做重要的事情。)”可知，短文介绍实用现代服务，最有可能来自杂志。故选A项。 (C) If you’ve scrolled through your Facebook feed recently, you may have noticed something surprising: lots and lots of short videos. What makes this “Reels” feature strange is that it is hugely addictive, which I know quite well from my own personal experience. Last Friday, I took a break and hit on one short clip of someone making dinner and, well, the next time I looked up it was 20 minutes later and the blank document on my computer monitor was confirming to me that my work was still not done. However, as silly as it seems, Reels-is actually super important, and is at the centre of a major battle between the world’s largest tech firms. The format (格式) was first pioneered by TikTok-the Chinese-owned video app that has taken the world by storm since it launched in 2016. Today, TikTok has around 23 million UK users every month-including basically every person you know under the age of 25. And that fact has made Facebook and its parent company, Meta, very nervous indeed. As TikTok has continued to boom, Facebook has actually fallen in popularity among “Gen Z”. The reason Tik Tok has proven such a powerful challenger to Facebook’s social media dominance is almost entirely down to these sorts of short-form videos. The format is almost perfectly optimised to be as addictive as possible: Tik Tok’s app shows you a short-form video, and if you don’t like it, you can simply swipe it away and another one will start playing instantly. And because it is portrait, not landscape, videos look “right” when viewed on your phone. What’s also smart is that TikTok’s algorithm (算法) picks videos for you based on what you actually watch, and not what you say you want. Facebook isn’t the only app trying to do what TikTok does so well. Instagram, which is owned by Facebook’s parent company Meta, has integrated Reels even more aggressively into its app. And even Google is nervous, launching its own TikTok-style video section of YouTube(which it owns)a couple of years ago. As things stand, though TikTok currently maintains a healthy lead in the category, both YouTube and Facebook have deep pockets-so expect to see even more Reels and Shorts popping up in your feed as this intense battle continues to rage. You won’t be able to take your eyes off them. 43. Why did the author mention his own experience in paragraph 2? A. To illustrate the feature of short videos. B. To stress the importance of short videos. C. To prove his preference to short videos. D. To introduce the functions of short videos. 44. What do we know about TikTok according to the passage? A. It has shown the trend of the fall in popularity among “Gen Z”. B. It is perceived as a potential threat to Facebook’s social media dominance. C. Its number of registered UK users has reached 23 million since it launched in 2016. D. It underestimates the essential role of short videos in competition with large tech firms. 45. What makes the short videos on TikTok App so popular? A. The beautiful visual effects. B. The high video quality. C. The random recommendation. D. The quick switch between videos. 46. What is the message conveyed in the last paragraph? A. The short videos have a profound impact on our daily life. B. TikTok seems to be losing its advantage over short videos in the short run. C. YouTube and Facebook may encounter financial difficulties in developing Shorts. D. A growing number of tech firms have engaged in fierce competition for the short video market. 【答案】43. A 44. B 45. D 46. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。科技巨头争抢短视频市场，Facebook、Instagram的Reels与Google旗下YouTube的短片功能，紧跟TikTok模式，激烈竞争，力求抓住用户注意力。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第二段“What makes this “Reels” feature strange is that it is hugely addictive, which I know quite well from my own personal experience. Last Friday, I took a break and hit on one short clip of someone making dinner and, well, the next time I looked up it was 20 minutes later and the blank document on my computer monitor was confirming to me that my work was still not done. (这个“卷轴”功能的奇怪之处在于它非常容易上瘾，我从自己的个人经历中非常了解这一点。上周五，我休息了一下，突然看到一个人在做晚饭的短片，20分钟后，我再次抬头看时，电脑显示器上的空白文件向我证实，我的工作还没有完成。)”可知，作者在第二段中提到自己的经历，描述了他在Facebook的Reels功能上观看短视频时，不知不觉就过去了20分钟，这表明了短视频极易吸引人的特点。通过这个亲身经历，作者旨在阐述短视频能够极度吸引用户并长时间保持其注意力的特性，说明短视频的特点。故选A。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第三段中“Today, TikTok has around 23 million UK users every month-including basically every person you know under the age of 25. And that fact has made Facebook and its parent company, Meta, very nervous indeed. As TikTok has continued to boom, Facebook has actually fallen in popularity among “Gen Z”. The reason TikTok has proven such a powerful challenger to Facebook’s social media dominance is almost entirely down to these sorts of short-form videos. (如今，抖音每月约有2300万英国用户，基本上包括你认识的所有25岁以下的人。这一事实让Facebook及其母公司Meta非常紧张。随着TikTok的持续繁荣，Facebook在“Z世代”中的受欢迎程度实际上有所下降。Tik Tok之所以能成为Facebook社交媒体霸主地位的强大挑战者，几乎完全归功于这类短视频。)”可知，TikTok被视为对Facebook社交媒体主导地位的潜在威胁。故选B。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第四中段 “The format is almost perfectly optimised to be as addictive as possible: TikTok’s app shows you a short-form video, and if you don’t like it, you can simply swipe it away and another one will start playing instantly. (这种格式几乎是完美的优化，尽可能让人上瘾：Tik Tok的应用程序会显示一段短视频，如果你不喜欢，你可以简单地把它移开，另一个视频就会立即开始播放。)”可知，TikTok用户如果不喜欢当前视频，只需滑动即可立即开始播放下一个视频。这种快速切换机制让用户能持续不断地浏览新内容，增强了其吸引力。故选D。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“Facebook isn’t the only app trying to do what TikTok does so well. Instagram, which is owned by Facebook’s parent company Meta, has integrated Reels even more aggressively into its app. And even Google is nervous, launching its own TikTok-style video section of YouTube (which it owns) a couple of years ago. As things stand, though TikTok currently maintains a healthy lead in the category, both YouTube and Facebook have deep pockets-so expect to see even more Reels and Shorts popping up in your feed as this intense battle continues to rage. You won’t be able to take your eyes off them. (Facebook并不是唯一一个试图做TikTok擅长的事情的应用程序。Facebook母公司Meta旗下的Instagram更积极地将Reels整合到自己的应用程序中。就连Google也感到紧张，几年前在YouTube （它拥有的YouTube）上推出了自己的tiktok风格的视频部分。就目前的情况来看，尽管TikTok目前在这一类别中保持着健康的领先地位，但YouTube和Facebook都有雄厚的财力——所以随着这场激烈的战斗继续进行，预计你会看到更多的Reels和Shorts出现在你的信息流中。你的视线将无法从它们身上移开。)”可知，越来越多的科技公司在短视频市场上展开了激烈的竞争。故选D。 Section C (8分） Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Could a New Battery Solve Our Energy Problem? Researchers in the US have made headlines worldwide by developing a new type of battery that charges far faster and holds way more charge than today’s lithium cells (锂电池). It’s not just a terrific technology story, either. The team behind it is led by tech legend Prof John Goodenough of the University of Texas, Austin—the co-inventor of the original lithium-ion battery, and still doing brilliant work at the age of 94. ____47____ That’s why we’re still using 21st-Century gadgetry with one eye on battery, wondering if we can get to a charger before our device goes completely dead. This depressing state of affairs is more than simply inconvenient. If we’re to make the most of renewable energy, we need ways of coping with those times when the wind drops or there’s no sunshine. ____48____ Elon Musk, the billionaire boss of electric car company Tesla, certainly thinks so. He’s already created a 20 megawatt battery ‘farm’ in California, and is willing to put his money where his batteries are. ____49____ For example, one wind farm in Hawaii had three fires in its battery ‘farm’ within a year of opening. But now Goodenough and his team may have found the answer, by switching from lithium to sodium (钠). The lithium batteries that made Goodenough’s reputation contain a liquid electrolyte (电解质) which doesn’t respond well to rapid charging. One of Goodenough’s colleagues, Maria Braga, decided that the answer lay in switching to solid electrolytes. The team has now managed to get a solid glass electrolyte to work with sodium, which is similar to lithium but far more common. ____50____ The battery has triple the charge of its lithium equivalent, it charges in minutes rather than hours, and it has a longer lifespan. Advances in energy storage are vital if renewable are going to reach their potential. The boundless energy of Goodenough—the Li-ion King himself—may just have found the solution just in time. A. Batteries that store energy for those times is one pretty obvious solution. B. No one seriously questions the need for wind and solar power to be part of global energy strategy. C. The result is transformational. D. Yet not everyone is convinced current battery technology is up to the job. E. While computing power famously doubles every two years, battery performance has barely doubled in 20. F. Commercialisation may take a decade, though it could happen faster. 【答案】47. E 48. A 49. D 50. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了新型电池能否解决能源问题。 【47题详解】 后文提到“That’s why we’re still using 21st-Century gadgetry with one eye on battery, wondering if we can get to a charger before our device goes completely dead.(因此，在使用21世纪的电子产品时，我们不得不时刻关注着电池情况，担心设备没电前是否能找到充电器。)”说明当前电池性能不佳。E项“While computing power famously doubles every two years, battery performance has barely doubled in 20. (众所周知，计算能力每两年翻一番，而电池性能在20年里几乎没有翻一番。)”该项正好解释了空后现象的原因，即电池性能提升缓慢，符合文意，起到承上启下的作用。故选E。 【48题详解】 前文提到“This depressing state of affairs is more than simply inconvenient. If we’re to make the most of renewable energy, we need ways of coping with those times when the wind drops or there’s no sunshine. (这种令人沮丧的状况不仅仅是不方便。如果我们要最大限度地利用可再生能源，我们需要应对风力减弱或没有阳光的时候。)”再生资源也可作为电池储能的介质，但如果没有风或者阳光也会让电池储能等变得困难，由此可知，需要解决生能源不稳定的问题。A项“Batteries that store energy for those times is one pretty obvious solution.(在这些时候储存能量的电池是一个非常明显的解决方案。)”与前文衔接紧密，说明了应对可再生能源不稳定问题的方法是使用电池储存能量，总结了前文内容，该项符合文意。故选A。 【49题详解】 前文提到“Elon Musk, the billionaire boss of electric car company Tesla, certainly thinks so. He’s already created a 20 megawatt battery ‘farm’ in California, and is willing to put his money where his batteries are. (电动汽车公司特斯拉(Tesla)的亿万富翁老板埃隆•马斯克当然也这么认为。他已经在加州建立了一个20兆瓦的电池“农场”，并愿意把钱花在电池上。)”引出了对当前电池技术能否满足可再生能源存储需求的怀疑，这与埃隆•马斯克的努力和当前电池的局限性的讨论有关。D项“Yet not everyone is convinced current battery technology is up to the job.(然而，并不是每个人都相信目前的电池技术能够胜任这项工作。)”引出了下文关于当前电池技术不足的例子，该项符合文意。故选D。 【50题详解】 前文提到“The team has now managed to get a solid glass electrolyte to work with sodium, which is similar to lithium but far more common. (该团队现在已经成功地获得了一种固体玻璃电解质，可以与钠一起反应，钠与锂类似，但更常见。)”提到了在电解质方面的改进，以及后文提到“The battery has triple the charge of its lithium equivalent, it charges in minutes rather than hours, and it has a longer lifespan. (这种电池的电量是锂电池的三倍，充电只需几分钟而不是几小时，而且寿命更长。)”后文提到了这种电池电量与之前电池的对比，说明这种改进是巨大的。C项“The result is transformational. (结果是革命性的。)”该项符合文意，起到承上启下的作用。故选C。 III. Summary Writing （10分） 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Will people reduce car use in 20 years？ Nowadays, the ownership of cars is no longer being recognized as a symbol of one’s wealth and social position. Tracking back to the past when only the rich were qualified to possess private cars, we couldn’t help marveling at the historic change such a convenient invention brought to people’s daily lives. Nevertheless, the increase in the number of car owners is spelling many negative effects. These rising problems also cause some people to predict that the use of cars might be reduced in two decades. Above all, the use of cars remarkably threatens our environment, if such a tendency is not brought under control in time, the Earth will no longer be a suitable place for humans to survive in the future. People have to face the consequence. It is a reality from which no one is able to escape. Every day, thousands of private cars are emitting tons of exhausted gas that seriously pollutes the air. The carbon dioxide leads to the worldwide greenhouse effect, which causes the sea level to rise and produces negative impacts on weather. In addition, more energy is being wasted because of the production of private cars. In order to build a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society, people ought to reduce the use of cars. In fact, diversified measures are being taken by the government to limit the use of cars. If such a tendency continues, the effect will be shown in the near future. For example, to reach the goal of building a safe and harmonious society, Beijing Traffic Management Bureau has restricted regional traffic in rush hours on working days. A number of private cars are prohibited on no-driving-days. Last, the advancement of public transportation systems also helps change car owners’ way of travelling. Efforts are being made to construct more agreeable networks of buses, subways, trains and airplanes. In the meanwhile, advances in technology might help cut down the cost of travelling in public vehicles. 【答案】Despite its symbolization of wealth in the past and great changes to people’s life, cars have caused many negative effects. First, by emitting greenhouse gases, they threaten the environment. Besides, energy-consuming cars are not sustainable to the society. Therefore, the government has taken various measures like restrictions. Last, public transport is a good remedy thanks to the high-tech. (58words) 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了拥有汽车已不是财富和社会地位的象征，有车一族数量的增加带来了许多负面影响，威胁着我们的环境，浪费了更多的能源，并提出人们应该减少汽车的使用，通过政府采取措施，公共交通系统进步改变人们出行方式，技术进步降低乘坐公共交通成本等方法减少私家车的使用。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①Tracking back to the past when only the rich were qualified to possess private cars, we couldn’t help marveling at the historic change such a convenient invention brought to people’s daily lives. ②Nevertheless, the increase in the number of car owners is spelling many negative effects. ③Every day, thousands of private cars are emitting tons of exhausted gas that seriously pollutes the air. ④In addition, more energy is being wasted because of the production of private cars. ⑤In fact, diversified measures are being taken by the government to limit the use of cars. ⑥In the meanwhile, advances in technology might help cut down the cost of travelling in public vehicles. 2.缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点进行重组；将3、4两个要点进行整合；将5、6两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Despite its symbolization of wealth in the past and great changes to people’s life, cars have caused many negative effects. By emitting greenhouse gases, they threaten the environment. Energy-consuming cars are not sustainable to the society. the government has taken various measures like restrictions. public transport is a good remedy thanks to the high-tech. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Despite its symbolization of wealth in the past and great changes to people’s life, cars have caused many negative effects. 运用介词“Despite+名词”表示“即使”，对原文第一段进行了概括。表达高级。 [高分句型2]：By emitting greenhouse gases, they threaten the environment. 用介词短语作方式状语对第二段的大量使用私家车造成空气污染的消极影响进行了概括，表达非常高级。 IV. Translation （15分） Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 在这部电视剧中，他的表演浑然天成，备受赞誉。(appreciate) (汉译英) 【答案】In this TV series, his acting is completely natural and highly appreciated. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。表示“在这部电视剧中”短语为in this TV series；表示“他的表演”翻译为his acting；表示“浑然天成”应用be completely natural；表示“备受赞誉”应用be highly appreciated。为一般现在时。故翻译为In this TV series, his acting is completely natural and highly appreciated. 53. 我们都没有想到，那个曾经腼腆的男孩竟然能在演讲比赛中一举夺魁。 (It) (汉译英) 【答案】It never occurred to us that the boy who used to be/was shy should win the first prize in the speech contest. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态、固定句型、定语从句。it occurs to sb that “（某人）想到……”为固定句型，结合句意“我们都没有想到”可知，事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，故用It never occurred to us that，其中It为形式主语，that引导主语从句。主语从句中，表示“那个男孩竟然能在演讲比赛中一举夺魁”用the boy should win the first prize in the speech contest。表示“曾经腼腆的”用定语从句who used to be/was shy，先行词是the boy，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词who引导。故翻译为It never occurred to us that the boy who used to be/was shy should win the first prize in the speech contest. 54. 这场创新的阅兵式留给观众深刻印象，提醒我们铭记历史，珍爱和平。（impress）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The innovative military parade impressed the audience deeply/a lot, which reminded us to/ served as a reminder to remember history and value/cherish peace. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语、时态和定语从句。句子主干为“这场创新的阅兵式留给观众深刻印象”，表示“这场创新的阅兵式”用the innovative military parade；表示“留给某人深刻印象”用impress sb deeply/a lot；“提醒我们铭记历史，珍爱和平”为定语从句，先行词为上文整个句子，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which，表示“提醒某人做某事”可用remind us to do sth 或serve as a reminder to do sth；表示“铭记历史”用remember history；表示“珍爱和平”用value/cherish peace，两者为并列关系，用and连接。句子陈述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。故翻译为The innovative military parade impressed the audience deeply/a lot, which reminded us to/ served as a reminder to remember history and value/cherish peace. 55. 当你遇到意想不到挑战时，当务之急是找到问题的关键和解决对策，而不是坐在那里自怨自艾。 (rather than) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】When you encounter unexpected challenges, the priority is to find the key to the problem and solutions, rather than sit around feeling sorry for yourself. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态，短语和非谓语动词。根据句意用一般现在时。本句为when引导的时间状语从句，从句谓语动词为“遇到 encounter ；“意想不到的挑战”为unexpected challenges，作宾语。主句主语为“当务之急”可译为the priority，是单数，谓语动词用is，“找到问题的关键和解决的对策”作表语，用不定式形式，译为to find the key to the problem and solutions，the key to“……的关键”，rather than“而不是”，连接并列不定式作表语，可省略不定式符号，接动词原形，sit around“闲坐”，“自怨自艾”译为feel sorry for yourself，用现在分词形式作伴随状语，故答案为When you encounter unexpected challenges, the priority is to find the key to the problem and solutions, rather than sit around feeling sorry for yourself. V. Guided Writing（25 分） 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近收到好友Mike的邮件。在邮件中，Mike表示自己因为拖延症 (procrastination)而耽误了重要事情，想请你提一些建议，如何克服拖延症。回复一封邮件，内容须包括： 1）造成拖延症的原因和危害 2）你的建议。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Mike, I’m sorry to learn that you have been troubled by procrastination, which has caused trouble in your study and life. Procrastination usually arises from poor time management, laziness, and the fear of facing difficult tasks. If we always put things off, we will not only miss valuable chances but also fall into anxiety and even affect our future development. To help you get rid of this bad habit, I have some suggestions. First, divide difficult tasks into small and easy steps so that you can start without pressure. Second, make a practical plan and strictly follow it, putting an end to endless delays. Third, stay away from distractions such as mobile phones and focus on your work at once. I firmly believe that with strong determination and good habits, you will overcome procrastination and make continuous progress. Yours, Li Ming 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给Mike回复一封邮件，说明造成拖延症的原因和危害以及你的建议。 【详解】1.词汇积累 面对：face→confront 推迟：put off→delay/postpone 压力：pressure→stress 专注于：focus on→concentrate on 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：To help you get rid of this bad habit, I have some suggestions. 拓展句：Here are some practical suggestions that can help you get rid of this bad habit. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m sorry to learn that you have been troubled by procrastination, which has caused trouble in your study and life.（运用了that引导宾语从句和which引导非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】First, divide difficult tasks into small and easy steps so that you can start without pressure.（运用了so that引导目的状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $