上海市上海交通大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期9月摸底考试英语试卷

Prehension section a directions in section a, you will hear ten short conversations tween two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said, the conversations and the questions we spoken only once after you hear a conversation and a question about IT, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. One, hurry up. The conference will begin in a quarter, and I have to arrive at my office two minutes earlier to go over my notes. I'm sorry maam the light sail against . us question, where does the conversation most probably take place? Two, i'm ready to order a milkshake. please, sir. The milk shake costs thirty dollars, but if you buy this sandwich of fifty dollars, you can not only have the milkshake for free, but receive an apple pie worth fifteen dollars. As a bonus . question, how much will the man pay if he would like to get a sandwich, a milk shake and an apple pie? Three, last night, my daughter climbed on the roof to chase her cat, but failed to come down. IT was jack who climbed onto the steep roof. I managed to come . to her rescue. Wow, that took a lot of nerve question. How does the woman think of jack? For didn't you want to be a stockbroker when you graduated from business school? My teacher wanted me too, but now I feel greatest safeguard, the vast territory on the border. Question, what's the man now? Five, hey Harry, why not go mountains eery with us tomorrow? I'm afraid i'll be fully occupied tomorrow. In the morning i'm going to the violin lesson and the afternoon i'm going to the dentist. In the evening i'm going . to visit my own question, what will the man do tomorrow morning? Six monicker, you didn't need much at dinner. That seems that you didn't enjoy the food either. What's the matter with you? Well, I feel like throwing up these days. And the doctor said I should stay away from all the spicy food. Question, why didn't the woman enjoy her dinner? Seven, tina, i'm washing hit movie on my tablet, but IT keeps falling over. Use your V, R headset as a stand, fold them on the table and put your tablet in them. Just like . this question, what does tina suggest the man do? Eight, is there an AT, M machine in this department store? Yes. there is. It's right there on the left side of the entrance. But I remember seeing an out of order sign . on IT question. What does the man imply? Nine, I heard you went to the exhibition at the national portrait gallery. How was IT to . an artistic idiot like me? Sitting at home watching a soap Opera would be a Better investment of time. Question, what does the woman imply? Ten, hey, cafe on. Can you help me out here? I promise i'll pay . you back. Oh, yes. All right. OK, including the bunch of flowers yesterday and the down jacket last week. Question, what can we know from the conversation? Section b directions in section b, you will hear two short passages in a longer conversation, and you will be asked some questions on the passengers and the conversation. The passengers in the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions eleven through thirteen are based on the following passage. Good morning, ladies and gentleman. Welcome aboard air china flight CA, four three eight nine from成都to beijing VCN。The distance between chengdu in beijing is thirteen thousand nine hundred eighty two kilometers. Our flight will take three hours and thirty five minutes. We will be flying at the altitude of ten thousand meters in the average speed is eight hundred kilometres per hour. In order to ensure the Normal Operation of aircraft navigation and communication systems, passengers are not allowed to use mobile phones, remote controlled toys and other electronic devices throughout the flight. In the laptop, computers are not allowed to use during takeoff and landing. We will take off soon. Please make sure that your seatbelt is securely fascinated and that you refrain from smoking during the flight. We will now demonstrate how to use the emergency equipment. Your oxygen mask is above your head. IT will drop down automatically in case of emergency when he does so, pulled the mask firmly towards you to start the flow of oxygen, place the mask over your, your nose and mouth, and slip the elastic band over your head. On our flight today, the chief person with all your crew members will be scarey at your service. We hope you will enjoy your flight. Thank you. Now listen again. Good morning, ladies and gentleman. Welcome aboard air china flight CA four three eight nine from chengdu to beijing VR. The distance between chung ju and beijing is thirteen thousand nine hundred and eighty two kilometers. Our flight will take three hours and thirty five minutes. We will be flying at the altitude of ten thousand meters, and the average speed is eight hundred kilometers per hour. In order to ensure the Normal Operation of aircraft navigation and communication systems, passengers are not allowed to use mobile phones, remote control toys and other electronic devices throughout the flight, and the laptop computers are not allowed to use during takeoff and landing. We will take off soon. Please make sure that your seat built is security fazed, and that you refrain from smoking during the flight. We will now demonstrate how to use the emergency equipment. Your oxygen mask is above your head. IT will drop down automatically in case of emergency. When IT does so, pull a msk firmly towards you to start the flow of oxygen, place the mask over your nose and mouths, and slip the elastic band over your head. On a flight today, the chief person with all your crew members will be sincere ly actual service. We hope you'll enjoy your flight. Thank you. Questions levin, who is the announcement intended for. Twelve, which the following is true according to the announcement. Thirteen, what can the passengers do on the plane? Questions fourteen through sixteen are based on the following passage. If you have always wanted to become an astronaut could be your chance. The recruitment comes after NASA announced plans to send the first woman in the next man to the moon as part of its optimist program. The program aims to return humans to the moon by twenty twenty four and establish a long term base on the moon by twenty twenty eight. From the base, they planned to launch regular space Operations. NASA says he expects to choose the final candidates in twenty twenty one for a two year training. So what exactly is NASA looking for in its crew of new astronauts? The requirements boil down to three things, technical skill, Operational skills and then just being fine and easy to be around. First, applicants must be U. S. Citizens and hold a master's degree in a field related to science, technology, engineering or mathematics, or they have finished a test pilot school program. In addition, candidates must also have at least two years of professional experience in their field. Of course, all applicants will have to complete a ask of physical examination to test their fitness for long term space flight. They must also enjoy their work in life at four hundred kilometers above earth during possible stay at the international . space station. Now listen again. If you have always wanted to become an astronaut could be your chance. The recruitment comes after NASA announced plans to send the first woman and the next man to the moon as part of its ultimate program. The program aims to return humans to the moon by twenty twenty four and establish a long term base on the moon by twenty twenty eight. From the base, they plan to launch regular space Operations. NASA says he expects to choose the final candidates in twenty twenty one for a two year training. So what exactly is NASA looking for in its crew of new astronauts? The requirements well down to three things, technical skill, Operational skills, and then just being fun and easy to be around. First, applicants must be U. S. Citizens and holds a masters degree in a field related to science, technology, engineering or mathematics, or they have finished a test pilot school program. In addition, candidates must also have at least two years of professional experience in their field. Of course, all applicants will have to complete a nasaa physical examination to test their fitness for long term space flight. They must also enjoy their work and life at four hundred kilometers above earth during possible states at the international space station. Questions fourteen, according to the optimist program, when will the final candidates finish their training? Fifteen, which of the following candidates will be eliminated in the recruiting process? Sixteen, what is the passage mainly about? Question seventeen through twenty are based on the following conversation. The lightning news made a special program on how to deal with traffic jams in big cities. Did you watch? No, I didn't. Would you please tell me something about IT? Certainly, the program began with an introduction of the P. R, T system in star city control, wirelessly and powerful by solar energy. Three hundred high speed driverless cause, each Carrying three passengers, were running on IT. Then three experts were invited to work out a few possible solutions. Really, what are those solutions? Well, the solution proposed by the first expert involves engineering. This means building more roads with wider lanes so that more cars can travel at the same time. Don't you think more roads may actually encourage more traffic? Besides, the cost is so high. you hit the point. The second expert criticize that solution and proposed that the government should encourage people to cycle more, because this motor transport has obvious health benefits and helps reduce air pollution. Yeah, but is IT practical in every climate. What's more, riding can prove dangerous in heavy traffic. I agree with you the solution put forward by the last expert is to increase tax on fuel so that people are more likely to think carefully about using cars. Do you think IT really works? Not exactly. IT can discourage people from driving to work to some extent. But how about people driving for work? They will lose their jobs. All right. IT seems that each of the solutions has its own advantages and disadvantages. Now, listen a game. The nightly news made a special programme on how to deal with traffic jams in big cities. Did you watch IT? No, I didn't. Would you please tell me something about IT? Certainly, the program began with an introduction of the PRT system in master control wireless ly and powered by solar energy. Three hundred high speed driverless cause, each Carrying three passengers, were running on IT. Then three experts were invited to work out a few possible solutions. Really, what are those solutions? Well, the solution proposed by the first expert involves engineering. This means building more roads with wider lanes so that more cars can travel at the same time. Don't you think more roads may actually encourage more traffic? Besides, the cost is so high. you hit the point. The second expert criticize that solution and proposed that the government should encourage people to cycle more, because this motor transport has obvious health benefits and helps to reduce air pollution. Yeah, but is IT practical in every climate. What's more, riding can prove dangerous in heavy traffic. I agree with you, the solution put forward by the last expert is to increase tax on fuel so that people are more likely to think carefully about using cars. Do you think IT really works? Not exactly. IT can discourage people from driving to work to some extent, but how about people driving for work? They will lose their jobs. All right. IT seems that each of the solutions has its own advantages and disadvantages. Questions seventeen, which of the following statements is true about the P, R, T. System in mazda city? Eighteen, what are the three experts in the T, V program mainly discuss? Nineteen, what is the solution put forward by the second expert? Twenty, if the government increases the tax on fuel, who will directly fall victim to IT. 上海市上海交通大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期9月摸底考试 英语试卷 满分150分，答题时间：120分钟，答案一律写在答题纸上 第I卷 I. Listening Comprehension (25') Section A(10') Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1.A. In a hotel. B. At meeting room. C. In the woman's office. D. On a taxi. 2.A.30. B.50. C.65. D.95. 3.A.Nervous. B. Quick-minded. C. Courageous. D.Sensible. 4.A. A serviceman. B. A businessman. C. A stockbroker. D. A teacher. 5.A. Attend a class. B. See the dentist. C. Go mountaineering. D. Visit his aunt. 6.A. She wanted to have spicy food. B. She disliked the food at dinner. C. She didn't feel hungry at all. D. She had an upset stomach. 7.A. Not watch a movie on his tablet. B. Use his VR headset to keep the tablet steady. C. Wear his VR headset while watching a film. D. Stand to keep the tablet from falling over. 8.A. The man didn't know if there was such a machine. B. The machine is on the right side of the entrance. C. The machine may not be in a good condition. D. The woman can find the machine with the signs. 9.A. She was forced to go to the portrait exhibition. B. She showed no interest in the portrait exhibition. C. She was poor at investing in exhibits of portrait. D. She considers soap operas her favorite entertainment. 10.A. The woman owes the man a bunch of flowers. B. The woman is lending money from the man. C. The man gets the woman to buy a down jacket. D. The man often fails to honor his commitment. Section B (1.5'×10=15') Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the short passages and the longer conversation. The short passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11.A. Flight attendants. B. Passengers. C. The fire brigade. D. Plane manufacturers. 12.A. Flight CA4389 will fly from Chengdu and finally arrive at Beijing. B. It will take CA4389 more than three hours to arrive at Xi'an. C. CA4389 will travel 30,982 kilometers for the whole flight. D. The average speed of CA4389 is 10,000 kilometers per hour. 13.A. Using electronic devices during landing. B. Using their hands to pull down the oxygen mask. C. Using laptop computers during the flight. D. Placing the oxygen mask below their nose. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14.A. By 2021. B. By 2023. C. By 2024. D. By 2028. 15.A.A man who holds a master's degree in mathematics. B. A man who has only finished a test pilot school program. C. A man who has a year of professional flying experience. D. A woman who has completed the NASA physical examination. 16.A. The introduction of the Artemis program. B. The enrollment of astronaut candidates. C. The plan for a long-term base on the moon. D. The requirements of NASA physical examination. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17.A. People can drive their cars at a high speed on the PRT system. B. Each car on the PRT system can carry 300 passengers at a time. C. The cars running on the PRT system can be controlled by a wire. D. The power that gets the cars running on the PRT system comes from the sun. 18.A. The traffic jam in Masdar City. B. A special TV program. C. Solutions to traffic jams. D.Advanced vehicles in the future. 19.A. Building more roads with wider lanes. B. Widening the current roads for cars. C. Encouraging people to cycle more. D. Have car drivers pay more for fuel. 20.A. Taxi drivers. B. Taxi passengers. C. Traffic experts. D. Cyclists. II. Vocabulary (10') Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. arresting B. critical C. cycle D. defending E.field F.marvels G. navigate H.nutrients I. pushing J. trade-off K. undocumented FLORA. FAUNA. FUNGA. It's been at least 400 million years since mycorrhizal fungi(菌根真菌) helped plants colonize the Earth's land, thanks to a pretty basic__21__: Fungi tend to form a symbiotic(共生的)relationship with different plants and animals, and they move by eating and expanding outward. For most plants today, that means fungi live within their root systems, metabolizing sugar from photosynthesis while helping them access water and critical__22__. But that's only the beginning of what these tiny__23__can do. There are around five million species of fungi, yet roughly 90 percent remain__24__. Still, researchers have only scratched the surface of why they are so__25__to keeping ecosystems in balance. "Fungi can show you that life begins even when another one ends," says Giuliana Furci, a Harvard University associate and National Geographic Explorer, about the crucial role in our planetary life__26__. As founder of the Fungi Foundation, she has spent the past 14 years leading the campaign for their inclusion in conservation policy. For Furci, the aha moment arrived when, during a research trip as a university student in Chile, she came across a(n)__27__orange mushroom and, upon further research, realized that there were no mushroom__28__guides for the country at all. She vowed to change that and has since been documenting Chile's native fungi. Not surprisingly, more international policy gatekeepers are publicly__29__for funga's inclusion in their own environmental conservation work. In the pages ahead, you will learn more about why this effort is so important to our lives, from invasive species that can signal how we'll__30__ a warming and changing world, to the complex "mycobiome" of bodily based fungi that offer new insight into how deadly diseases like cancer may spread. The future is funga. Now is the time to understand what it holds. III. Reading Comprehension Section A (15') Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Ever since the fall of the Venetian Republic in 1797, locals have complained that Venice, its former capital, is being overrun by visitors. Having spent decades trying to attract tourists, the city council is now rethinking its__31__. In May it built pedestrian gates across the historic neighborhood's main entrances. When crowds get too__32__, the police will close them, limiting access to locals who possess a special pass. Although this will restrict the number of visitors, the idea of ticketed entry has__33__some locals. "It is the__34__step to becoming Disneyland," complains one of the city's urban planners. According to the World Tourism Organization, an agency of the United Nations, the number of international visitors making overnight stays grew to 1.3bn in 2017. Even so, the rise in numbers is not the real problem, says Alex Dichter of McKinsey. "People in 99% of countries in the world are__35__out for more, not fewer, tourists," he explains. The problem is that these extra tourists are crowding into the same places. This has surprised many in the travel industry. The Internet was meant to spread out tourists more evenly by making less__36__places easier to find. Why has the__37__happened? Analysts at Skift, a travel website, attribute it to the rise of "bucket lists". Popularised by a film of the same name, which featured a "list of things to do before I kick the bucket", these internet lists__38__tourists to the same "must see" places. Mr. Dichter also points to several other reasons for the shift. When flag carriers ran air travel as a cartel (垄断), flights cost a fortune - over $ 230 for the 300-mile journey between London and Dublin in the mid-1980s,39. But low-cost carriers have transformed the industry. Partly as a result, the share of tourists who are making their first trips has__40__. Such overcrowding brings costs, which are__41__by local residents. Island resorts suffer from littered beaches and polluted water. Local authorities are cobbling together strategies to cope. An extreme reaction is to ban tourists entirely or to__42__visitor numbers. A less__43__approach is to deal with taxes and charges, so that they better reflect the costs tourists impose. Tourists staying in hotels in central Amsterdam pay a higher tax rate than those staying farther away. Another option would be to improve its infrastructure. A study by the University of Venice in 1988 found the city could hold at most 20,750 visitors a day. That is around a quarter of__44__today. The increased demand has not been met by building better public transport. Traditionalists may__45__any new infrastructure in beautiful old cities. But Venice has already built a motorway and a railway station over the past two centuries. 31.A. agenda B.boom C. approach D.constitution 32.A. thick B.full C. accessible D.noisy 33.A. delighted B.upset C.alerted D.confused 34.A. last B.necessary C.complementary D.innovative 35.A. crying B. laying C. rolling D.ironing 36.A.eye-catching B.newly-established C. full-grown D.well-known 37.A. ritual B.nonsense C.misery D. opposite 38.A. transform B. transport C.impose D.direct 39.A. in return B. by contrast C. for instance D. after all 40.A.soared B.stabilized C. declined D. fluctuated 41.A. borne B.burdened C. presented D.struggled 42.A. remove B.strand C.cap D.mask 43.A. aggressive B.exclusive C.fierce D.intense 44.A. vehicles B. traffic C. venues D. estimates 45.A. commit to B.object to C. fall victim to D.submit to Section B (30') Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) College students, new parents, final-round athletes and anyone on the eve of an important presentation know that sleep is essential for well-being. Indeed, if anything keeps us awake, it may be the reports linking a chronic lack of sleep to shorter life spans. Manufacturers of sleep-related products are happy to exploit the human desire for a good night's rest, which is why there are so many products and features to choose from. But is the bewildering thicket of mattresses, mattress toppers, pillows and bed frames, often augmented by specialty materials and technologies, doing anything to relax consumers? Or is it having the opposite effect by stressing us out? Some consumers say comparison shopping has grown ridiculously onerous. "We have done enough research at this point that we could maybe rival NapLab," said Madison Ibargüen, 35, a real estate salesperson, referring to a website that makes personalized mattress recommendations by asking shoppers for their preferences among the types of available mattresses. She recently bought a mattress for the Manhattan home she shares with her boyfriend, Djivan Schapira, 32, a furniture designer. She paid $2,000 for a Saatva Classic mattress and is happy with her choice. In her research, Ms. Ibargüen said she was suspicious of both good and bad reviews on mattress company websites. To her, even the advice of trusted sources had to be taken with a grain of salt because a bed is so personal. "You can't really rely on anyone's take," she said by email. "It's tough to know what's real and what's just marketing-speak," said Derek Hales, 37, the founder of NapLab. Richard J. Schwab, chief of the sleep medicine division at the University of Pennsylvania's Perelman School of Medicine, said that for people who want to be comfortable and wake up without pain, there is no magic bullet when it comes to the type of mattress. Then again, when bedtime beckons, many people are perfectly happy with the bedroom equivalent of a trusty Toyota. "The vast majority of us do well on just a simple mattress," said Mr. Hales of NapLab. 46.What does the sentence "Indeed, if anything keeps us awake, it may be the reports linking a chronic lack of sleep to shorter life spans." suggest? A. People are highly concerned about the importance of sleep. B. Reports about sleep have proven that shorter life spans directly lead to poor sleep quality. C. There are a wide range of things that may contribute to sleep loss. D. People feel an urgent need to address sleep deprivation. 47.Why does Madison Ibargüen say "we could maybe rival NapLab"? A. She is satisfied with her recent purchase. B. NapLab is a recognizable name for providing comprehensive suggestions. C. She prides herself on the research and analysis she invested in selecting a mattress. D. She's highlighting the absurd amount of effort required. 48.What does "a grain of salt" mean? A. reservation B.patience C.interest D.gratitude 49.What is the main concern expressed in the article regarding sleep-related products? A. The failure to produce a truly satisfying mattress. B. The prohibitively high cost of premium mattresses. C. The stress caused by an overwhelming variety of options. D. The unreliability of mattress company reviews. (B) Four Books Worth Reading Entangled Life (Illustrated) by Merlin Sheldrake Following 2020's real hit Entangled Life, biologist Sheldrake returns in time with an impressive illustrated edition. At over 240 pages, his passion and knowledge leaps off every spread. From the microscopic to the splendid, the colour images create an entertaining and charming experience. Anna Atkins: Cyanotypes by Peter Walther Often copied, seldom improved on, the elegant prints of Anna Atkins are timeless. Atkins uses light-sensitive iron salt solution and exposure to sunlight to create beautiful Cyanotypes, pictures in a specific dark blue color. Walther's book is comprehensive and perfect for Atkins fans or anyone keen to learn. The Earth in Our Hands by Thomas Pesquet Pesquet's breathtaking collection of photographs captured from the International Space Station (ISS) follows in the footsteps of astronaut Don Petit's Spaceborne. Pesquet took more than 245,000 images over two missions, with his book including 200 of these. It is the closest most of us will get to being on the ISS - a deeply engaging read. Looking at Trees by Sophie Howarth This absorbing book features 26 of the world's leading photographers. From a photo of Hollywood juniper (杜松) in California to a dreamlike image of Halfway Gardens in South Africa, Howarth asks us to value trees at a time of environmental challenge. It's a book you will return to. 60.The four books can be classified into _________. A. art magazines B.photo books C. historical novels D. instruction books 61.Which book is a remade version of a popular book? A. Entangled Life (Illustrated). B. Anna Atkins: Cyanotypes. C. The Earth in Our Hands. D. Looking at Trees. 62.What can be learnt from the introduction of the four books? A. Looking at Trees mainly focuses on valuable trees. B. Don Petit has joined space missions with Pesquet. C. Cyanotypes of Anna Atkins enjoy a high reputation. D. All the books introduced care about the environment. (C) Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking(懈怠的), you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as "all too human," with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance(不满). But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well. The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys(卷尾猴). They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of "goods and services" than males. Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr. de Waal's study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different. In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin. The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation(愤慨), it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question. 53.In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by A. making a conclusion B.justifying an assumption C. explaining a phenomenon D. making a comparison 54.The statement "it is all too monkey" implies that A. monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals B. feeling angry about unfairness is also monkeys' nature C. monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other D. no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions 55.Dr Brosnan and Dr De Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys A. prefer grapes to cucumbers B. can be taught to exchange things C. will not be co-operation if feeling cheated D. are unhappy when separated from others 56.What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions. B. Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source. C. Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do D. Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. A. In any type of mindfulness exercise, the goal is to perform routine activities with a heightened sense of attention. B. Although mindfulness has its advantages, psychological research has also revealed that in some circumstances it's important to be mindless. C. They think too much about the mechanics of the task at hand. D. Automaticity can be disrupted by explicit attention when the devotion of conscious attention to the pattern alters the content or timing of that pattern itself. E. Of course, we should not resign to go through life on autopilot, missing opportunities to make deeper connections with ourselves, one another and our environment. F. These processes proceed without conscious awareness. "Be present."This is the slogan of mindfulness meditation and a supposed key to self-awareness and acceptance. __57__That is, as we develop skills in complex tasks, we can perform them with increasing facility until attention seems to be unnecessary. Everyday examples range from riding a bike to chopping cucumbers to brushing your teeth. Forming this state of "automaticity" are mental processes that can be executed without paying attention to them.__58__We don't perform all tasks automatically, but many can be performed this way once they are well practised. To be clear, paying attention is important when learning a new skill. But research has also revealed that paying too much attention to what you're doing can have damaging effects, particularly when you perform well-practised skills. In fact, this is one reason why some experts appear to "choke under pressure": __59__ In a classic study, cognitive scientist Sian Beilock and her colleagues had skilled golfers attempt to sink putts(推球入洞) under different experimental [conditions.In](conditions.In) one scheme, the golfers were simply instructed to pay attention to the swing of their club (球杆) and say "stop" when they finished their swing. In another condition, they were directed to listen for a target sound while ignoring other noises and say the word "tone" when they heard the target sound.Surprisingly, the skilled golfers performed considerably worse when they focused on their swing than when they paid attention to irrelevant sounds. __60__. But there are situations where we should let automaticity take over The next time you ride a bike or join in a sport, don't overthink it. 第II卷 IV. Grammar (20') Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. (A) In the past half century, nutrition scientists have blamed health conditions__1__ obesity, diabetes, and heart disease on many features of the American diet, including sugary beverages and saturated fat. These factors surely contribute to Americans' uniquely poor health. But Kevin Hall, the N.I.H. study's principal investigator, was researching a possible culprit(起因) that wasn't named __2__the twenty-first century: ultra-processed food. The problem, Hall believed, might have less to do with high levels of sodium(钠) or cholesterol(胆固醇)__3__with industrial techniques and chemical modifications. The term "ultra-processed food" was introduced by a Brazilian epidemiologist named Carlos Monteiro. He learned that around a million Brazilians were growing obese each year. Strangely, a shrinking number of people were buying ingredients__4__doctors blamed for the obesity epidemic. The paradox troubled him. In__5__nineties, many nutrition researchers began to turn their focus away from individual nutrients and toward broader dietary patterns. Monteiro developed a theory. Households that bought less salt weren't eating less salt. They were no longer cooking.A growing share of their meals 6(arrive) in a package. "The issue is not food, nor nutrients, so much as processing,"he wrote in a landmark 2009 paper. Novel behavioral and brain-imaging experiments were showing that eating wasn't always under our conscious control. Monteiro reasoned__7__something very bad had happened when industrial food systems started churning out cheap, convenient, and tempting foods. A focus on a food's level of processing can lead to odd conclusions, however Julie Hess, a research nutritionist at the U.S. Department of Agriculture, has pointed out that although 8(process) in different ways, canned kidney beans and gummy bears are both categorized as "ultra-processed food". Processing also has some benefits. It prevents food from going bad or 9(pollute) during storage and transport; it allows more people__10__(eat)convenient and varied meals, even when particular foods are not in season; and it helps the world feed a growing population. (B) The Internet is changing the way we communicate. LOL, awks, amazeballs, BRB, the use of emoji and emoticon - and even writing facial expressions such as 'sad face'- have all become standard in digital communications. So ingrained, in fact,__11__ they're changing the way we write and even talk. There's no doubt that the consumption of abbreviated digital content is having a huge effect on language. "Over the last five years attention spans have shortened considerably, which is reflected in the 12(contract) forms of language we see in social media," says Robin Kermode. However, some think that the internet has made us better communicators since we increasingly use much__13__(streamlined) language."14(get) a message across using Twitter for example, it must be concise and must conform to the tone used there, which includes abbreviations, acronyms." The fastest growing 'new language' in the world is emoticons (faces) and emojis (images of objects, which hail from Japan), which are one of the biggest changes caused by digital communications. "Facial expressions, visual presence and body language have always been vital to being a confident speaker,__15__now emojis are blurring the lines between verbal and written communication," thinks Kermode, who adds that cavemen had early versions of emojis on the sides of their caves. "Pictures, cartoons or emojis are 'shortcuts'so we can be clear about___16_our message really means." Emoticons and emojis are arguably more meaningful than slang and shorthand, which __17__be too easily misunderstood. "I once witnessed a girl being dumped in a text, which 18(consist) of a message with just five letters, U R MY X' -linguistically economic, but emotionally harsh," says Kermode. Trouble is, the sender had actually meant YOU ARE MINE. X' "If he'd added three emojis - like a smiley face, a heart and a wedding ring, he might now be happily married!" The same goes__19__a statement such as "I NEED TO SPEAK TO YOU RIGHT NOW", which needs a qualifying emoticon or emoji to give it meaning. "It could signal an angry meeting or a passionate meeting but add a coffee cup, a big smiley face or an angry face and it becomes clear what's really going on," says Kermode. They may be derided by traditionalists, but emoticons and emojis used to describe mood are the body language add-on__20__the written word has always lacked. In most instances, these icons represent language evolution and progress, not regression. V. Summary Writing (10') Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Evolution and War Will there ever be an end to war?The majority of the attendees in my current anthropology(人类学)course answered a definite 'No' Their response was largely predictable, given that we see so many images of the military, its machinery and weapons, war-torn cities and sad civilians. The media reminds us of the number of ongoing conflicts around the world. There seems to be a general impression that there is no chance of a peaceful life on the planet so long as there is human life. Some anthropologists claim that conflict is natural, insofar as it is an intrinsic part of human nature to be aggressive. Primates(灵长类动物),our closest living relatives, also have a tendency towards violence.Therefore it is easy to draw the conclusion that humans fight because it is an inevitable part of our nature.However, are we wrong to make this assumption? While primates can display exceptional levels of violence towards outsiders, they are also capable of settling conflicts and can even avoid conflict when they perceive that there is a strategic advantage in doing so. Put more simply,some primates,like apes and monkeys,will only fight if they believe they can win or escape punishment.Surely,then,humans have the capacity to avoid hostility too.There is already some evidence that the world's major powers have realized the lose-lose scenario that would follow nuclear conflict,as many governments are currently discussing arms reduction programs. So are there more ways to avoid conflict?The more instinctively peaceful primates are the ones with access to plentiful food,and this should tell us something basic about human conflict.If human populations were more willing to distribute their food, fuel and other natural resources more equitably, there would be less reason to fight. Even if our motive for sharing is technically self-centred, this is irrelevant because in the long term it simply makes sense for us to do so. VI. Translation: (3'+3'+4'+5'=15') Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 22.你上次忘记重要的事,是什么时候了?(slip) 23.在盛大的九三(V-Day)阅兵上出现的武器都有着最前沿的设计,极大增强了中国武装力量的整体实力。(overall) 24.这场现象级的展览引入了更多互动体验,而且全天候开放,确保各行各业的参观者都能在方便的时候前来观展。(clock) 25.有证据表明,屏幕时间过长会损害专注力,但也有人认为这些问题往往源于不良习惯,可以通过调整性行为来纠正。(undo) VII. Guided Writing (25') Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李华。近期,你校英语报就"社交媒体时代,你是否会在朋友圈屏蔽父母或老师(hide a Moments post from parents or teachers)?"这一话题征集观点。请你结合自身或身边同学的例子,写一篇文章投稿,内容需包括: 1.描述你或他人的相关经历; 2.分析这一行为背后的原因; 3.谈谈你对此现象的看法。 (注:文中不得出现真实姓名及学校名称。) 参考答案 I. Listening comprehension Section A 1-10 DBCAA DBCBD Section B 11-20 BAC BCB DCCA II. Vocabulary Section A 21-30JHFKB CAEIG III. Reading Comprehension Section A 31-45 CABAA DDDCA ACABB Section B 46-49 ADAC 50-52 BAC 53-56 DBCB Section C 57-60 BFCE IV. Grammar (A)1.such as 2.until 3. than 4.that 5.the 6.arrived 7. that 8.processed 9.being polluted 10. to eat (B)11.that 12.contracted 13. more streamlined 14. To get 15. but 16.what 17. can 18.consisted 19.for 20.that/which V. Summary Writing 概要写作评分细则 Evolution and War Will there ever be an end to war? The majority of the attendees in my current anthropolog course answered a definite ‘No’. Their response was largely predictable, given that we see so many images of the military, its machinery and weapons, war-torn cities and sad civilians. The media reminds us of the number of ongoing conflicts around the world. There seems to be a general impression that there is no chance of a peaceful life on the planet, so long as there is human life. Some anthropologists claim that conflict is natural, insofar as it is an intrinsic part of human nature to be aggressive. Primates(灵长类动物), our closest living relatives, also have a tendency towards violence. Therefore it is easy to draw the conclusion that humans fight because it is an inevitable part of our nature. However, are we wrong to make this assumption? While primates can display exceptional levels of violence towards outsiders, they are also capable of settling conflicts and can even avoid conflict when they perceive that there is a strategic advantage in doing so. Put more simply, some primates, like apes and monkeys, will only fight if they believe they can win or escape punishment. Surely, then, humans have the capacity to avoid hostility too. There is already some evidence that the world’s major powers have realized the lose-lose scenario that would follow nuclear conflict, as many govemments are currently discussing arms reduction programs. So are there more ways to avoid conflict? The more instinctively peaceful primates are the ones with access to plentiful food, and this should tell us something basic about human conflict. If human populations were more willing to distribute their food, fuel and other natural resources more equitably, there would be less reason to fight. Even if our motive for sharing is technically self-centred, this is irrelevant because in the long term it simply makes sense for us to do so. Many people believe with humans’ existence, conflicts will never disappear. Some experts support this belief, claiming conflict is part of human nature. However, humans, like some apes and monkeys, can avoid conflict, employing strategic advantages, like arms reduction programs. Besides, despite the motivation of being self-centered, fair distribution of natural resources can keep many human conflict at bay. War seems never-ending as long as humans exist, with some arguing that aggression is part of human nature, like violent-prone primates. However, humans, similar to some primates, have the capacity to avoid conflict when strategic advantages arise, and the potential for arms reduction programs supports this. Equitable distribution of resources, even if driven by self-interest, could further reduce conflict.(59) 档次 内容作答描述 A 在满足 3 分要求的基础上，以下两点的要点都能准确概括 （表述可以不同） (1)猜想的原因：some arguing that aggression is part of human nature, like violent-prone primates. (2)反驳的原因: some primates have the capacity to avoid conflict when strategic advantages arise;the potential for arms reduction programs supports this. B 在满足 3 分要求的基础上,以下两点中任意一点的要点能准确概括 （表述可以不同): (1)猜想的原因：some arguing that aggression is part of human nature, like violent-prone primates. (2)反驳的原因: some primates have the capacity to avoid conflict when strategic advantages arise；the potential for arms reduction programs supports this. C 必须涵盖以下三点，表述可以多样： (1)提出猜想：War seems never-ending as long as humans exist (2)反驳: humans have the capacity to avoid conflict (3)解决方法：Equitable distribution of resources, could further reduce conflict D 只涵盖了 3 分要点中的 2 点。 E 只涵盖了 3 分要点中的 1 点。 VI. Translation 22.你上次忘记重要的事，是什么时候了？(slip) When was the last time something important slipped your mind? 1 1 1 23.在盛大的九三(V-Day )阅兵上出现的武器都有最前沿的设计，极大增强了中国武装力量的整体实力。overall Weapons at the grand V-Day parade 0.5 have cutting-edge designs, tremendously enhancing the Chinese armed forces' 0.5 0.5 0.5 overall strength. 时态0.5分 0.5 24.这场现象级的展览引入了更多互动体验，而且全天候开放，确保各行各业的参观者都能在方便的时候前来观展。（clock） This phenomenal exhibition introduced more interactive experiences 0.5 0.5 0.5 and kept open around the clock, ensuring that visitors from all walks of life could 1 0.5 0.5 attend at their convenience. 0.5 25.有证据表明，屏幕时间过长会损害专注力，但也有人认为这些问题往往源于不良习惯，可以通过调整性行为来纠正。（undo） There is evidence that excessive screen time 1 0.5 can hurt concentration, but others say these problems often come from unhelpful habits, 0.5 1 0.5 which can be undone through adjusting behavior. 0.5 1 录音文本 Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and a question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. W: Hurry up! The conference will begin in a quarter and I have to arrive at my office two minutes earlier to go over my notes. M: I am sorry, madam. The lights are against us. Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place? 2. M: I’m ready to order. A milkshake, please. W: Sir, the milkshake costs 30 dollars. But if you buy this sandwich of 50 dollars, you can not only have the milkshake for free but receive an apple pie worth 15 dollars as a bonus. Q: How much will the man pay if he would like to get a sandwich, a milkshake and an apple pie? 3. M: Last night, my daughter climbed on the roof to chase her cat but failed to come down. It was Jack who climbed onto the steep roof and managed to come to her rescue. W: Wow! That took a lot of nerve. Q: How does the woman think of Jack? 4. W: Didn’t you want to be a stockbroker when you graduated from business school? M: My teacher wanted me to. But now I feel great to safeguard the vast territory on the border. Q: What’s the man now? 5. W: Hey, Harry. Why not go mountaineering with us tomorrow? M: I am afraid I will be fully occupied tomorrow. In the morning, I am going to the violin lesson and in the afternoon, I am going to the dentist. In the evening, I am going to visit my aunt. Q: What will the man do tomorrow morning? 6. M: Monica, you didn’t eat much at dinner and it seems that you didn’t enjoy the food either. What’s the matter with you? W: Well, I feel like throwing up these days and the doctor said I should stay away from all the spicy food. Q: Why didn’t the woman enjoy her dinner? 7. M: Tina, I’m watching a hit movie on my tablet. But it keeps falling over. W: Use your VR headset as a stand. Fold them on the table and put your tablet in them just like this. Q: What does Tina suggest the man do? 8. W: Is there an ATM machine in this department store? M: Yes, there is. It’s right there on the left side of the entrance. But I remember seeing an “out-of-order” sign on it. Q: What does the man imply? 9. M: I heard you went to the exhibition at the National Portrait Gallery. How was it? W: To an artistic idiot like me, sitting at home watching a soap opera would be a better investment of time. Q: What does the woman imply? 10. M: Hey, Catherine. Can you help me out here? I promise I’ll pay you back. W: Oh, yeah, all right. OK... including the bunch of flowers yesterday and the down jacket last week. Q: What can we know from the conversation? Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked some questions on the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. Good morning, Ladies and Gentlemen: Welcome aboard Air China Flight CA4389 from Chengdu to Beijing via Xi’an. The distance between Chengdu and Beijing is 13,982 kilometers. Our flight will take 3 hours and 35 minutes. We will be flying at the altitude of 10,000 meters and the average speed is 800 kilometers per hour. In order to ensure the normal operation of aircraft navigation and communication systems, passengers are not allowed to use mobile phones, remote controlled toys and other electronic devices throughout the flight and the laptop computers are not allowed to use during take-off and landing. We will take off soon. Please make sure that your seat belt is securely fastened and that you refrain from smoking during the flight. We will now demonstrate how to use the emergency equipment. Your oxygen mask is above your head. It will drop down automatically in case of emergency. When it does so, pull the mask firmly towards you to start the flow of oxygen. Place the mask over your nose and mouth and slip the elastic band over your head. On our flight today, the chief purser with all your crew members will be sincerely at your service. We hope you will enjoy your flight. Thank you! Questions: 11. Who is the announcement intended for? 12. Which of the following is true according to the announcement? 13. What can the passengers do on the plane? Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. If you have always wanted to become an astronaut, now could be your chance. The recruitment comes after NASA announced plans to send the first woman and the next man to the moon as part of its Artemis program. The program aims to return humans to the moon by 2024 and establish a long-term base on the moon by 2028. From the base, they plan to launch regular space operations. NASA says it expects to choose the final candidates in 2021 for a two-year training. So, what exactly is NASA looking for in its crew of new astronauts? The requirements boil down to three things: technical skill, operational skills, and then just being fun and easy to be around. First, applicants must be U.S. citizens and hold a master’s degree in a field related to science, technology, engineering or mathematics, or they have finished a test pilot school program. In addition, candidates must also have at least two years of professional experience in their field. Of course, all applicants will have to complete a NASA physical examination to test their fitness for long-term spaceflight. They must also enjoy their work and life at 400 kilometers above Earth during possible stays at the International Space Station. Questions: 14. According to the Artemis program, when will the final candidates finish their training? 15. Which of the following candidates will be eliminated in the recruiting process? 16. What is the passage mainly about? Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. M: The Nightly News made a special program on how to deal with traffic jams in big cities. Did you watch it? W: No, I didn’t. Would you please tell me something about it? M: Certainly. The program began with an introduction of the PRT system in Masdar City. Controlled wirelessly and powered by solar energy, 300 high-speed driverless cars each carrying three passengers were running on it. Then, three experts were invited to work out a few possible solutions. W: Really? What are those solutions? M: Well, the solution proposed by the first expert involves engineering. This means building more roads with wider lanes so that more cars can travel at the same time. W: Hmm, don’t you think more roads may actually encourage more traffic? Besides, the cost is so high. M: You hit the point. The second expert criticized that solution and proposed that the government should encourage people to cycle more because this mode of transport has obvious health benefits and helps to reduce air pollution. W: Yeah. But is it practical in every climate? What’s more, riding can prove dangerous in heavy traffic. M: I agree with you. The solution put forward by the last expert is to increase tax on fuel so that people are more likely to think carefully about using cars. Do you think it really works? W: Not exactly. It can discourage people from driving to work to some extent. But how about people “driving for work”? They will lose their jobs. M: All right. It seems that each of the solutions has its own advantages and disadvantages. Questions: 17.Which of the following statements is true about the PRT system in Masdar City? 18.What did the three experts in the TV program mainly discuss? 19.What is the solution put forward by the second expert? 20.If the government increases the tax on fuel, who will directly fall victim to it? 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $