UNIT 12 SECTION Ⅴ LESSON 3（学生版）-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册五维课堂同步复习（北师大版）

SECTION V LESSON 3 ST 课文。对照 [教材原文] On 14 March,2018,one of the world's most influential scientists,Stephen Hawking,died at his home in England,aged 76.Hawking was famous, not just for his brilliant work in theoretical physics and cosmology,but also for overcoming the challen- ges of ALS (a disease that affects muscle control). Stephen Hawking was born on 8 January, 1942,in Oxford.He went to the University of Ox- ford to study physics in 1959.At the age of 21, when Hawking spent his first year at the University of Cambridge,physicians discovered he had a rare, slow-progressing form of ALS.He was only expec- ted to live for a few years. Hawking later found a job at the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge.In the early stages of his career,his illness got worse,but he was allowed to do research only rather than teach,which was easier for him.In 1985,he had to have an operation.As a result,he lost his speech.Soon his doctors devel- oped a piece of speech-generating equipment that al- lowed him to speak.However,as his illness became worse,he lost the use of his hands. Although Hawking's physical abilities declined over decades,he never ceased his studies and he de- veloped a number of new ideas about black holes. Hawking believed that the birth of the universe (the "Big Bang")created many small black holes.His theory was that there was a sort of hole in the centre of a black hole.This hole led to another universe, completely separate from our own. Hawking also wrote books.His 1988 book,A Brief History of Time:From the Big Bang to Black Holes,sold one copy for every 750 people on Earth.However,many people could not really un- derstand what he had written.Therefore,Hawking decided to write a simpler version,A Briefer Histo- ry of Time(2005). ·93· UNIT 12 INNOVATION EPHEN HAWKING 释疑 [汉语译文] 2018年3月14日，世界上最有影 响力的科学家之一，斯蒂芬·霍金在英 格兰的家中去世，享年76岁。霍金不 仅因在理论(theoretical)物理学和宇宙 学(cosmology)方面的杰出研究而著 名，更是因克服(overcome)了肌萎缩侧 索硬化症（一种影响肌肉控制的疾病） 的挑战而令人敬佩。 1942年1月8日斯蒂芬·霍金出 生于牛津，1959年进入牛津大学学习物 理学。21岁那年，也是霍金在剑桥大学 的第一年，医生发现他患有一种罕见的 慢性肌萎缩侧索硬化症，预言他只能再 活几年。 后来霍金在剑桥天文研究所找了 份工作。职业生涯刚一开始他的病情 就转而恶化，研究所允许他可以只做研 究而不用教学，这对他来说更容易。 1985年，他不得不动手术，结果丧失了 说话能力。很快，医生为他开发了一种 发声设备使他能够说话。但是，他的病 情继续恶化，手也动不了了。 尽管在过去几十年里霍金的身体 机能不断下降(decline),但他从未停止 过研究，对黑洞有了许多新的想法。霍 金认为宇宙诞生时（即宇宙大爆炸）创 造了许多小黑洞，黑洞的中心还有一种 洞，这种洞可以通向另一个宇宙，与我 们的世界完全分隔。 霍金还写书。1988年出版的《时间 简史：从大爆炸到黑洞》一书，地球上平 均每750人便购买过一本。然而，许多 人并不能真正理解他写的内容。因此， 霍金决定写一个简化的版本，即《时间 简史》(2005)。 英语(BSD)·选择性必修第四册 In The Grand Design (2010,with Leonard 在《大(grand宏伟的)设计》(2010 Mlodinow),Hawking argued that we should look 年出版，与莱昂纳德·蒙洛迪诺合著) for a different way to discover the deepest secrets of 一书中，霍金提出我们应该用一种不同 the universe.Instead of trying to find one big new 的方式去发现宇宙最深处的秘密。与 explanation,scientists should put together all the 其说试图寻找一个全新的解释，科学家 ideas that they already have. 们不如把他们已经有的想法汇集起来。 At the opening of the London 2012 Olympics, 2012年伦敦奥运会开幕式上，霍金 Hawking said to a TV audience of 900 million peo- 对9亿电视观众说：“仰望星空，而不是 ple:"Look up at the stars and not down at your feet..be curious.” 俯视脚下…要保持好奇心。” In spite of his disease,Hawking didn't consider 尽管(in spite of)霍金患有疾病，但 himself an unlucky man.He said it had not preven- 他并不认为自己是个不幸的人。他说， ted him from having a family,and being successful 这并没有阻碍他拥有家庭，也没有妨碍 in his work."My expectations were reduced to zero 他在工作中取得成功。“21岁时，我的 when I was 21.Everything since then has been a bo- 人生期望值降为零。从那以后，一切都 nus."And he believed this was because of the help 是馈赠(bonus)。”他认为自己所取得的 he received from his family and a large number of 一切都源于家人和许多人与机构的 people and organisations. 帮助。 新知。点点突破 重点词汇 核心短语 ●基础单词 1.at the age 在…年龄 vt.克服（困难），控制（感情）； 2. spite of虽然；不顾：尽管 征服，战胜 3.separate 分离 (Doctor of Philosophy)博士 4.prevent... doing阻止… 学位 5.instead 而；并非 n.宇宙论，宇宙学 6.lead 导致 n.挑战；质疑v.挑战，对… 7.rather 而不是 怀疑 框架句型 5 u.影响；使感动 1.Hawking was famous,not just for his bril- 6 adj.宏伟的，壮丽的，隆重的 liant work in theoretical physics and cos- n.意外收获，额外的好处；奖 mology,but also for overcoming the challen- 金；红利 ges of ALS (a disease that affects muscle 8. oi.减少，降低 control). 9 n.重力，引 霍金出名，不仅是因为他在理论物理学和宇 ●拓展单词 宙学方面的杰出工作，还因为他克服了 n.势力，影响；有影响的 ALS(一种影响肌肉控制的疾病)的挑战。 人/物ot.影响；支配→ not only(just)·.but(also)..连接的并 adj.有影响力的；有支配力的 列句。 2 adj.非常好的，使人印象时 2.This hole led to another universe,complete- 刻的；明亮的，鲜明的→ adu.灿烂地；出色地→ ly separate from our own. n, 华；光亮，光辉 这个洞通向另一个宇宙，与我们的宇宙完全 adj.理论的→ 分离。 形容词短语作状语。 n.学说；理论 ·94 课文。 I.Scan the text and answer the following question. What does the text mainly tell us? The text is about I.Read the text carefully and choose the best answers. 1.Which of the following is not what Hawk- ing was famous for? A.His brilliant work in theoretical physics and cosmology. B.His overcoming the challenges of ALS. C.His 1988 book. D.His speech-generating equipment. 2.Which order is right according to the pas- sage? A.going to the University of Oxford->hav- ing an operation-writing the book A Brief History of Time-developing a number of new ideas about black holes B.going to the University of Oxford-de- veloping a number of new ideas about black holes->having an operation-writ- ing the book A Brief History of Time 要点 核心词汇 1.overcome vt.克服；解决；战胜 be overcome with joy喜不自胜 be overcome with sorrow伤心欲绝 overcome the enemy战胜敌人 overcome/get over difficulties/shortcom- ings/weaknesses/fear克服困难/缺点/弱 点/恐惧 。9 UNIT 12 INNOVATION 篇章理解 C.going to the University of Oxford-hav- ing an operation-developing a number of new ideas about black holes-writing the book A Brief History of Time D.having an operation-going to the Uni- versity of Oxford-developing a number of new ideas about black holes-writing the book A Brief History of Time 3.Why didn't Hawking consider himself an unlucky man? A.Because Hawking could write books. B.Because his doctors developed a piece of speech-generating equipment that al- lowed him to speak. C.Because he had a family and was suc- cessful in his work. D.Because he went to the University of Oxford to study. 4.What did Hawking think of himself? A.Pitiful. B.Unlucky. C.Lucky. D.Generous. 5.Which of the following can be used to de- scribe Hawking? A.Optimistic and grateful. B.Unlucky and miserable. C.Generous and determined. D.Humorous and academic. 层层精析 ◆[经典佳句] When I saw what was in the bag,I was over- come with a mixture of respect and gratefulness. 当我看到袋子里的东西时，我心里充满了尊 敬和感激之情。 There will be no difficulties in the world that they cannot overcome. 世上就没有他们克服不了的困难。 英语(BSD)·选择性必修第四册 I believe you can try to overcome these diffi- culties only by working hard. 我相信，通过努力，你会克服这些困难的。 We must work harder to overcome our shortcomings. 我们必须更加努力地克服我们的缺点。 ◆[“四翼”考查]一应用性 完成句子 ①Molly had fought and of flying. 莫莉已经努力克服了对飞行的恐惧。 ②She to win the Olympic gold medal. 她战胜了伤痛，赢得了奥运会金牌。 2.decline vt..减少，降低 be in decline处于下降、衰退中 on the decline 在下坡路上；在衰退（减少） decline to do sth.拒绝做某事 decline by下降了… decline to下降到… a decline in在…方面减少/降低 ◆[经典佳句] The decline is not because we have all be come lazy. (步行上学的孩子)比率的下降并不是因为 我们都变懒惰了。 Unemployment declined by 4 percent last month. 上个月失业率降至百分之四。 The number of full-time staff has declined from 160 to just 40. 全职员工的数量从160人下降到了只有 40人。 She declined to have lunch with her friend, saying that she wasn't feeling well. 她说她身体不舒服，婉拒了与她的朋友共进 午餐。 The number of residents in the area is on the decline. 这个地区的居民数量在减少。 ·96 [名师点津] (1)表示“增加”的动词或动词短语常见的 有：rise,increase,goup等；表示“减少”的动 词或动词短语常见的有：fall,drop,de crease,go down,decline (2)表示“增加”或“减少”的幅度常用介词 by;表示“增加到”或“减少到”常用介词to。 ◆[“四翼”考查]一基础性 单句语法填空 DAccording to scientists,our mental abili ties begin (decline) from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22. 2In spite of many invitations,he would al- ways decline (visit)Oxford. 3The number of tourists to the resort de- clined 10%last year to 5 mil- lion. ◆[“四翼”考查]一创新性 词汇升级 (普通表达)The number of people who run the red light has declined since the new traffic regulations came into effect. ④（高级表达）The number of people who run the red light has since the new traffic regulations came in- to effect. 3.in spite of虽然；不顾；尽管 (l)despite-=in spite of是介词（短语），表 示语义转折，后接名词、代词或动名 词，但可以用despite/in spite of the fact that引导从句。 (2)regardless of不顾；不加理会 (3)though/although是连词，表示语义转 折，后跟让步状语从句。 ◆[经典佳句] Despite the weather,they were able to take a boat ride out into the bay,and later visit an island that had wonderful shops selling crafts and antiques. 尽管天气不好，她们还是乘船进入了海湾， 后来参观了一个岛屿，岛上有很不错的卖工 艺品和古董的商店。 Despite the poor service of the hotel,the manager is reluctant to invest in sufficient training for his staff. 尽管酒店的服务很差，经理还是不愿意为员 工提供足够的培训。 ◆[“四翼”考查]—一应用性 完成句子 ① the hot weather,eve- rybody is here. 尽管天气很热，但是大家还是都来了。 ②In spite of/Despite he was very angry,he didn't lose his temper. →In spite of/,Despite he didn't lose his temper. 他尽管很生气，但是没有发脾气。 4.grand adj.宏伟的，壮丽的，隆重的；重大 的；极好的 (1)a grand man伟人，名人 grand clothes华丽的服装 grand music高尚的音乐 (2)grandly adv.宏伟地；隆重地；盛大地 ◆[经典佳句] This grand building used to be the centre of the capital's social life. 这座宏伟的建筑曾经是首都社会生活的 中心。 How grand the mountains look in the early evening! 暮色中群山是多么壮丽！ We met a lot of grand people when we went to the palace. 我们去宫殿时碰到了许多大人物。 She announced grandly that she was spend- ing the Spring Festival in the Chinatown. 她隆重地宣布，她将在唐人街过春节。 ◆[“四翼”考查]一基础性 单句语法填空 ①He (grand)declared that he would be a member of the Party. 2Today we gather here to grand )celebrate the International Women's Day. 97 UNIT 12 INNOVATION ◆[“四翼”考查]一应用性 写出句中grand的含义 3The job isn't as grand as it sounds. 4There's a grand figure to come to our school tomorrow. 5My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsy's dad with their permission. 5.rather than而不是 other than除…以外 more than多于；不只是；非常 less than少于，小于 ◆[经典佳句] I can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. 我发现，家里有一台座机而不是每个家庭成 员都配备一部手机依然很方便。 Does anybody other than yourself know this? 除你本人之外还有别人知道这件事吗？ You are buying direct,rather than through an agent 你这是直接购买，而不是通过代理人。 [名师点津] rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语及 其附属成分时，谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。 ◆[“四翼”考查]一基础性 选词填空(other than,/rather than/.less than/ more than) ①They aim at quality quantity. 2Unfortunately,the marriage had lasted for two years. ③I will be happy to see improvements in this regard 4I have not studied foreign languages English. 英语(BSD)·选择性必修第四册 ◆[“四翼”考查]—应用性 完成句子 ⑤She enjoys singing 她喜欢唱歌，而不喜欢跳舞。 6I met him very late on Friday night, early Saturday morning. 我在星期五晚上很晚时见到了他，更确切 地说是在星期六早晨早些时候。 ◆[“四翼”考查]一创新性 一句多译 ⑦孩子们宁可骑自行车到乡下去，也不愿整 天待在家里。 a.The children the countryside rather than stay in- doors all the day. b.The children the countryside rather than stay indoors all the day. c.The children the countryside than stay indoors all the day. 6.prevent..from doing sth.阻止…做 某事 (l)prevent..from doing sth.阻止… 做某事，from可以省略 “阻止…做某事”的其他表达法： (2)stop...(from)doing sth (3)keepfrom doing sth. ◆[经典佳句] David had a brain disease which prevented him from walking or running like other chil- dren. 戴维患有一种大脑疾病，使他不能像其他孩 子一样跑动。 We are prevented/stopped/kept by the frighte- ning sandstorm from going to school. 可怕的沙尘暴使我们无法去上学。 Carbon dioxide prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily. 二氧化碳使热量不容易释放出大气层。 ·98 [名师点津] keep..from doing sth.中的from不能省 略，因为省略后keep.doing sth.表示“让 …一直做某事”。用于被动语态时，这三 个短语中的from都不能省略。 ◆[“四翼”考查]一基础性 完成句子 ①Nothing can to Mount Tai because it is the very place he has been looking forward to going to. 什么也不能阻止他去泰山，因为那正是他 一直盼望去的地方。 ②We hope to anything un- pleasant 我们希望防止任何不愉快的事发生。 ③ the story from appearing in the national news- papers. 要阻止全国性报纸刊登这件事情已为时 太晚。 重点句型 l.(教材Pss)Hawking was famous,not just for his brilliant work in theoretical physics and cosmology,but also for overcoming the challenges of ALS (a disease that affects muscle control). 霍金出名，不仅是因为他在理论物理学和 宇宙学方面的杰出工作，还因为他克服了 ALS(一种影响肌肉控制的疾病)的挑战。 [句式结构]not only/,just...but(al $0)..表示“不但…而且…”。并列连 词，连接句子的相同成分。 ◆[规律总结 (1)句中“not only..but also.”结构 意为“不仅…而且…”，其中als0 可以省略。 (2)not only/just...but(also)...连接 的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词 的人称与数遵循“就近原则”。 ◆[经典佳句] The sun gives us not only light but also heat. 太阳不仅给我们提供光而且提供热。 The British and the Americans not only speak the same language but (also)share a large number of social customs 英国人和美国人不但语言相同，而且有很多 相同的社会风俗习惯。 Recently,an important volleyball game will be held in our campus,which will be not on- ly/just meaningful but also exciting. 最近，一个重要的排球比赛将在我们的校园 举行，这不仅是有意义的，而且令人兴奋。 ◆[误区规避]—一语法填空 There (be)not only a swimming pool but also a lot of fruit trees in the big yard. (可能失误)填are。 (正确表达)填is。 (错误分析)谨记此规律：not only/just..· but(also)..连接的两个并列成分作主语 时，谓语动词的人称与数遵循“就近原则”。 ◆[“四翼”考查]一基础性 单句语法填空 DNot only the students but also the teach- er (be)against the plan. ◆[“四翼”考查]一应用性 完成句子 2Reading good books can teach us to tell be- tween right and wrong. 阅读好书既能丰富我们的头脑又能教我 们分辨是非。 ◆[“四翼”考查]一创新性 句型转换 3Tom and Mary as well as I are fond of the music, Tom and Mary fond of the music. ·9 UNIT 12 INNOVATION 2.(教材Psg)This hole led to another uni- verse,completely separate from our own. 这个洞通向另一个宇宙，与我们的宇宙完 全分离。 [句式结构]形容词短语作状语。 ◆[规律总结 形容词在句中作状语，用于说明主语的 特征或状态，常表示伴随情况，有时也 表示原因、条件、让步等 ◆[经典佳句] To our relief,the children returned home safe and sound at last. 令我们感到宽慰的是，孩子们最终安然无恙 地回到了家里。 Curious,the children went into the cave. 出于好奇，孩子们进了山洞。 Large or small,all countries are equal. 不论大小，国家皆为平等。 [名师点津]形容词作状语时，其前不加 being。 ◆[“四翼”考查]一应用性 完成句子 DThe boy lay in the sofa, (很放 松). 2After the long journey,the three of them came back home, (又 饿又累). ◆[“四翼”考查]—一创新性 同义句转换 3Because she was frightened,she asked me to go with her. she asked me to go with her. 4When the teacher asked the question,all the students sat there and kept silent. -When the teacher asked the question, all the students sat there, C温馨提西 学习至此，请完成配套训练UNIT12 SECTION V3.①to/with②with③corresponding④to/with ⑤correspondence⑥correspond with/.to Din correspondence with 4.①The instant②the instant/.instantly 3a.instantly b.the instant 5.①动词，发起②名词，（产品的）上市③动词，开 始从事④动词，发行⑤launch into a new busi- ness 6launch the new film 6.①figures②out 7.①as②tobe③perception④to steal ⑤what⑥perceive any difference Dis widely perceived as 8.①be proposed②(should)go③to ④proposals⑤forming⑥proposal ⑦proposed to his girlfriend⑧made a proposal ⑨It was proposed that 重点句型 l.①that②whether,/if③about④Idon't doubt that⑤There is no doubt that⑥I have no doubt that 7I doubt whether/if 2.①Without②but③But for④otherwise 5I couldn't have finished the work so soon if you hadn't helped me. I couldn't have finished the work so soon if it hadn't been for your help. I couldn't have finished the work so soon but for your help. SECTION IⅢGRAMMAR 语法体悟精析 即学活用1 ①as cheap as②much bigger than ③the tallest boy 即学活用2 ①wooden fences②she was foreign③some green eating④a young black German⑤the boy's nice little red 即学活用3 ①four-hour②warm-hearted③ordinary-looking ④bravely-fighting⑤peace-loving⑥second-hand SECTION N LESSON 2 新知点点突破 重点词汇 基础单词 1.insight 2.emerge 3.process 4.coincidence 5.incredible 6.incubation 7.bury 拓展单词 1.achieve achievement 2.clueless clue 3.incident 4.evaluation evaluate 5.occur occurrence 参考答案 核心短语 1.into 2.at 3.to 4.of 5.by 6.about 7.in 8.in9.吸引某人的注意力10.a11.in12.a 要点层层精析 核心词汇 l.①from②emergence③is likely to emerge ④It emerged that 2.①By②a③coincidence④What a coincidence 5It's not a coincidence that 3.①involved②learning studying③involves me (in)travelling Owas/got involved in the quar- rel 5was involved in reading 4.①occurred②to③occurrence DIt didn't occur to me that 5.①be evaluated②evaluate his ability 3evaluate the consequences 重点句型 1.①虽然；尽管②当…时候③只要④while he prefers 5 while (he was)doing ⑥While/, Though/Although running 2.①haven't seen ②turned left ③have been making SECTION V LESSON 3 新知点点突破 重点词汇 基础单词 1.overcome 2.PhD 3.cosmology 4.challenge 5.affect 6.grand 7.bonus 8.decline 9.gravity 拓展单词 1.influence influential 2.brilliant brilliantly brilliance 3.theoretical theory 核心短语 1.of 2.in 3.from 4.from 5.of 6.to 7.than 课文篇章理解 I.the life of Stephen Hawking Ⅱ.1-5 DCCCA 要点层层精析 核心词汇 l.①overcome her fear(②overcame the injury 2.①to decline②to visit③by ④been on the decline 3.①In spite of②the fact that his being angry 4.①grandly②grandly③重要的④重要的 ⑤极好的 5.①rather than②less than③more than ④other than⑤rather than dancing⑥or rather Da.would cycle to b.prefer to cycle to c.would rather cycle to 6.①keep him from going②prevent from hap- pening 3It was too late to prevent 英语(BSD)·选择性必修第四册 重点句型 l.①is②not only enrich our minds but also ③Not only but also are 2.①relaxed②hungry and tired③Frightened ④silent SECTION M WRITING WORKSHOP TO CHECK YOUR PROGRESS 新知点点突破 重点词汇 基础单词 1.steam 2.kettle 3.fibre 4.mass 5.sailor 6.accurate 拓展单词 1.preserve preservation 2.electric electrical electricity electronic 3.boil boiled boiling 4.improvement improve 5.revolution revolute 6.availability available 7.explode explosion explosive 8.regulate regulation 9.illustrate illustration illustrator 10.mechanical mechani- cally mechanic 11.specifically specifical 核心短语 1.a 2.on 3.with 4.in 5.on 6.with 7.in 要点层层精析 核心词汇 l.①boiling②over③to④boiled⑤away ⑥boiled⑦boiling⑧boil 2.①a②improvement③(should)be improved ④room for improvement 5improved my study methods 3.①is/was(②are/were 4.①availability②to③to buy④for ⑤becomes available⑥are all available to Davailability of material 5.①masses②the③shows are④形容词，大 量的⑤名词，质量⑥名词，大量 6.①was illustrated②illustration③illustrated Dillustrating books 5illustrate this difficult point 6By way of illustration 7.Dpreserve the environment from being polluted 2to be preserved 3 preserve endangered species from extinction④for food preservation⑤inan excellent state of preservation 8.①specific②special③specific④special ⑤To be specific 9.①electrical②electric③electrical④electric 5electrical electricity 重点句型 l.①Seeing from the hill②Not knowing how to work out 3allowing more patients to be treated Dusing the sun and the stars 5Understanding her good intentions 2.①it②make it possible③feel it our duty 3.①Each/Every time I called on him②The first time they visited the Science Museum 3The night I went to see her④Any time⑤The moment/mi- nute/instant/second 写作表达升格 遣词造句 I.1.scientific 2.physicist 3.be dedicated to II.1.(1)whose title is (2)has an idol (3)was dedicated to (4)Personally (5)pursue his dreams (6)served our country (7)makes him a great scien- tist (8)pass on his scientific spirits 2.(9)Everyone has an idol,and mine is Qian Xues- en,a great physicist,who was dedicated to China's aerospace industry. (10)Personally,he was a pioneer who was deter- mined to pursue his dreams. 连句成篇 [参考范文] I'm Li Hua.It's my honor to make the speech whose title is“What Makes a Great Scientist?” Everyone has an idol and mine is Qian Xuesen, a great physicist,who was dedicated to China's aer- ospace industry.Personally,he was a pioneer who was determined to pursue his dreams.More impor- tantly,he was patriotic and served our country with his efforts and achievements.All of this makes him a great scientist. Undoubtedly,as teenagers,we should learn and pass on his scientific spirits as well as his perse- verance in the face of frustration. 实战演练 [参考范文] There are many scientists who have driven so- cial development.Among them,the one I admire most is Yuan Longping,an outstanding agricultural scientist known as the "father of hybrid rice". A few decades ago,the lack of food was one of the main problems threatening Chinese people.After years of study,Yuan Longping successfully devel- oped the world's first hybrid rice,which dramatical- ly increased rice production.His approach to rice breeding also serves as a solution to food problems around the globe. There is no doubt that his contribution is of great significance.His story gives me inspiration and motivates me to love and learn science. 6