内容正文:
沪教版8上unit1英语单词表
教师备课材料
1. dinosaur /ˈdaɪnəsɔː(r)/
词性:n. [C]
词义:恐龙;守旧落伍的人(引申义)
近义词:fossil animal;反义词:modern creature
词性转换:dinosaurian (adj. 恐龙的)
固定搭配:
dinosaur fossil 恐龙化石
extinct dinosaur 灭绝的恐龙
例句:Many dinosaurs died out 65 million years ago.(许多恐龙在6500万年前灭绝了。)
练习题:
① The ________ (dinosaur) disappeared from the earth suddenly.
② Scientists found some ________ (dinosaur) eggs in this area.
答案:① dinosaurs ② dinosaur(名词作定语,通常用单数)
解析:第1题主语是复数概念,用复数;第2题名词作定语修饰eggs,通常用单数形式。
2. notebook /ˈnəʊtbʊk/
词性:n. [C]
词义:笔记本;笔记本电脑
构词:note(笔记)+ book(本子)
近义词:laptop(笔记本电),exercise book
词性转换:notebooks (pl.)
固定搭配:
write in a notebook 写在笔记本里
notebook computer 笔记本电脑
例句:The editor wrote down every detail in his notebook.(编辑在笔记本上记下了每一个细节。)
练习题:
① I bought three ________ (notebook) for the new term.
② He put his ________ (notebook) computer into his bag.
答案:① notebooks ② notebook
解析:第1题three后加复数;第2题名词作定语修饰computer,用单数。
3. vehicle /ˈviːəkl/
词性:n. [C]
词义:交通工具,车辆;(传播思想、艺术的)媒介
近义词:transport, medium;反义词:pedestrian(行人)
词性转换:vehicular (adj. 车辆的)
固定搭配:
motor vehicle 机动车
a vehicle for... ……的媒介/工具
例句:Art is a powerful vehicle for spreading ideas.(艺术是传播思想的强大媒介。)
练习题:
① More and more ________ (vehicle) appear on the road.
② The play was just a ________ (vehicular) for his political views.
答案:① vehicles ② vehicle
解析:第1题more and more后加可数名词复数;第2题a后面用名词单数,此处意为“媒介”,不用形容词。
4. birth /bɜːθ/
词性:n. [C, U]
词义:出生,诞生;起源
反义词:death
词性转换:bear (v. 生育) → born (adj. 天生的) → birthday (n. 生日)
固定搭配:
give birth to 生下;使诞生
at birth 出生时
例句:The birth of this artist changed the art world.(这位艺术家的诞生改变了艺术界。)
练习题:
① She gave ________ (born) to a healthy baby.
② He has been blind from ________ (bear).
答案:① birth ② birth
解析:第1题固定搭配give birth to;第2题from birth“从出生起”;注意bear的过去分词是born,但名词是birth。
5. death /deθ/
词性:n. [C, U]
词义:死亡;灭亡
反义词:life, birth
词性转换:die (v.) → dead (adj.) → deadly (adj. 致命的)
固定搭配:
to death 致死
death rate 死亡率
例句:The death of the dinosaurs led to the rise of mammals.(恐龙的死亡导致了哺乳动物的崛起。)
练习题:
① His grandfather ________ (death) last year.
② The ________ (die) leaves fell to the ground.
答案:① died ② dead
解析:第1题缺谓语动词,用die的过去式;第2题缺形容词修饰leaves,用dead。
6. suffering /ˈsʌfərɪŋ/
词性:n. [C, U]
词义:痛苦,苦难
近义词:pain, hardship;反义词:happiness, comfort
词性转换:suffer (v. 遭受) → sufferer (n. 患病者)
固定搭配:
economic suffering 经济苦难
cause suffering 造成痛苦
例句:His paintings show the suffering of war.(他的画作展现了战争的苦难。)
练习题:
① He ________ (suffering) from a bad cold last week.
② She couldn't bear the ________ (suffer) of losing her child.
答案:① suffered ② suffering
解析:第1题last week用一般过去时,suffer是动词;第2题the后面加名词,suffering是不可数名词。
7. artist /ˈɑːtɪst/
词性:n. [C]
词义:艺术家,画家
近义词:painter, creator
词性转换:art (n. 艺术) → artistic (adj. 艺术的) → artistry (n. 艺术性)
固定搭配:
talented artist 有天赋的艺术家
street artist 街头艺人
例句:A true artist puts his soul into every piece.(真正的艺术家把灵魂注入每一件作品。)
练习题:
① She is a famous ________ (art).
② This painting shows his high ________ (artist) level.
答案:① artist ② artistic
解析:第1题famous后接名词人,用artist;第2题修饰level用形容词artistic。
8. piece /piːs/
词性:n. [C]
词义:片,块;作品;部件
近义词:part, work;反义词:whole
词性转换:piece together (v. 拼凑)
固定搭配:
a piece of 一张/片/块
piece of art 艺术品
例句:This is his finest piece of work.(这是他最好的作品。)
练习题:
① Can you give me two ________ (piece) of paper?
② He ________ (piece) together the broken vase.
答案:① pieces ② pieced
解析:第1题two后加复数pieces;第2题动词过去式pieced。
9. whole /həʊl/
词性:n./adj.
词义:全部,整个;完整的
近义词:entire, complete;反义词:part, partial
词性转换:wholly (adv. 完全地)
固定搭配:
as a whole 总体上
the whole world 全世界
例句:He spent the whole day in the museum.(他花了一整天在博物馆。)
练习题:
① He ________ (whole) agrees with me.
② The ________ (wholly) class passed the exam.
答案:① wholly ② whole
解析:第1题修饰动词agrees用副词wholly;第2题修饰class用形容词whole。
10. editor /ˈedɪtə(r)/
词性:n. [C]
词义:编辑,编者
近义词:compiler
词性转换:edit (v. 编辑) → edition (n. 版本) → editorial (adj. 编辑的)
固定搭配:
chief editor 主编
text editor 文本编辑器
例句:The editor organized the articles in alphabetical order.(编辑按字母顺序整理了文章。)
练习题:
① Who ________ (editor) this book?
② The ________ (edit) made many changes to my article.
答案:① edited ② editor
解析:第1题缺谓语动词,用edit的过去式;第2题缺主语名词,用editor。
11. order /ˈɔːdə(r)/
词性:n./v.
词义:顺序;命令;订购
近义词:sequence (n.), command (v.)
反义词:disorder
词性转换:orderly (adj. 整齐的) → disorder (n. 杂乱)
固定搭配:
in order 整齐;按顺序
in order to 为了
例句:Please put these words in alphabetical order.(请把这些词按字母顺序排列。)
练习题:
① His room is always ________ (order).
② He ________ (order) a cup of coffee just now.
答案:① orderly/in order ② ordered
解析:第1题作表语用形容词orderly或短语in order;第2题just now用过去时。
12. record
词性:n. /ˈrekɔːd/ 唱片,记录;v. /rɪˈkɔːd/ 记录,录音
词义:记录;唱片;创纪录
近义词:document (v.)
词性转换:recorder (n. 录音机) → recording (n. 录音)
固定搭配:
set a record 创纪录
record holder 纪录保持者
例句:The scientist recorded every dinosaur bone he found.(科学家记录了他找到的每一根恐龙骨头。)
练习题:
① He holds the world ________ (record) for the 100 meters.
② She ________ (record) a song in the studio yesterday.
答案:① record ② recorded
解析:第1题名词“纪录”;第2题yesterday用过去时。
13. intelligent /ɪnˈtelɪdʒənt/
词性:adj.
词义:聪明的,有智力的;智能的
近义词:clever, smart, bright;反义词:stupid, unintelligent
词性转换:intelligence (n.) → intelligently (adv.)
固定搭配:
intelligent life 智慧生命
intelligent system 智能系统
例句:Humans are the most intelligent animals on Earth.(人类是地球上最聪明的动物。)
练习题:
① He answered all the questions ________ (intelligent).
② She has high ________ (intelligent) and works hard.
答案:① intelligently ② intelligence
解析:第1题修饰动词answer用副词;第2题作have的宾语用名词。
14. talented /ˈtæləntɪd/
词性:adj.
词义:有天赋的,有才能的
近义词:gifted, skilled;反义词:untalented
词性转换:talent (n. 天赋) → talentless (adj. 无才能的)
固定搭配:
talented musician 有天赋的音乐家
be talented in 在……方面有天赋
例句:Mozart was a talented composer even as a child.(莫扎特从小就很有天赋。)
练习题:
① She has a great ________ (talented) for painting.
② He is ________ (talent) in playing the piano.
答案:① talent ② talented
解析:第1题a后面加名词talent;第2题be后加形容词talented。
15. artistic /ɑːˈtɪstɪk/
词性:adj.
词义:艺术的,有艺术天赋的
近义词:creative, aesthetic
词性转换:art (n.) → artist (n.) → artistically (adv.)
固定搭配:
artistic value 艺术价值
artistic style 艺术风格
例句:She comes from a very artistic family.(她出身于艺术世家。)
练习题:
① The ________ (artistic) painted a beautiful picture.
② He arranged the flowers ________ (artistic).
答案:① artist ② artistically
解析:第1题缺主语名词“艺术家”;第2题修饰动词arrange用副词。
16. prehistoric /ˌpriːhɪˈstɒrɪk/
词性:adj.
词义:史前的
构词:pre(前)+ historic(历史的)
近义词:ancient, primitive
词性转换:prehistory (n. 史前时期)
固定搭配:
prehistoric times 史前时代
prehistoric animal 史前动物
例句:Dinosaurs are prehistoric creatures.(恐龙是史前生物。)
练习题:
① People in ________ (prehistoric) lived in caves.
② This is a ________ (history) building.
答案:① prehistory ② historic/historical
解析:第1题in后加名词prehistory;第2题修饰building用形容词historic。
17. completely /kəmˈpliːtli/
词性:adv.
词义:完全地,彻底地
近义词:totally, entirely;反义词:partially
词性转换:complete (v./adj.) → completion (n.)
固定搭配:
completely different 完全不同
completely forgot 完全忘记
例句:The original painting was completely destroyed.(原作被彻底毁坏了。)
练习题:
① Have you ________ (complete) your homework?
② The work is not ________ (complete) yet.
答案:① completed ② complete
解析:第1题现在完成时缺过去分词;第2题be动词后加形容词。
18. original /əˈrɪdʒənl/
词性:adj.
词义:原始的;原创的;新颖的
近义词:first, creative;反义词:copy, duplicate
词性转换:origin (n. 起源) → originate (v. 起源)
固定搭配:
original idea 原创想法
original version 原始版本
例句:This is not a copy;it's the original painting.(这不是复制品,是原作。)
练习题:
① What is the ________ (originate) of this custom?
② His plan is very ________ (origin).
答案:① origin ② original
解析:第1题定冠词后加名词origin;第2题be动词后加形容词original。
19. organize /ˈɔːɡənaɪz/
词性:v.
词义:组织,安排
近义词:arrange, sort;反义词:disorganize
词性转换:organization (n.) → organizer (n. 组织者)
固定搭配:
organize a meeting 组织会议
Well-organized 有条理的
例句:The teacher asked us to organize the words in groups.(老师让我们分组整理这些词。)
练习题:
① Thanks for your ________ (organize) of the party.
② She is an excellent ________ (organize).
答案:① organization ② organizer
解析:第1题your后加名词;第2题冠词an后加名词人。
21. die out
词性:v. phrase(不及物)
词义:灭绝,消失
近义词:become extinct, disappear
反义词:survive, thrive
词性转换:die→died→dying;out为副词
固定搭配:无被动语态
例句:Many species are dying out because of pollution.(许多物种因污染而灭绝。)
练习题:
① If we don't protect them, tigers will ________ out.
② The fire finally ________ (die) out after three hours.
答案:① die ② died
解析:第1题will后加动词原形;第2题after three hours用过去时。
22. a type of
词义:一种……
近义:a kind of, a sort of
用法:后接名词单数,不加冠词
例句:TRex was a type of large dinosaur.(霸王龙是一种大型恐龙。)
练习题:
① This is a special ________ of flower.(种类)
② What type ________ music do you like?(填介词)
答案:① type ② of
解析:第1题a type of固定结构;第2题what type of...。
23. be related to
词义:与……有关;与……有亲属关系
近义:be connected with, be linked to
反义:be unrelated to
例句:Birds are related to dinosaurs.(鸟类与恐龙有亲缘关系。)
练习题:
① He is related ________ me by marriage.(填介词)
② Are these two events ________ (relate)?
答案:① to ② related
解析:第1题固定搭配to;第2题be动词后加形容词related。
24. general education
词义:通识教育,普通教育
例句:Art should be part of general education.(艺术应成为通识教育的一部分。)
练习题:
① Everyone should receive a ________ (generally) education.
② ________ (general) speaking, he is a good student.
答案:① general ② Generally
解析:第1题修饰education用形容词general;第2题固定短语Generally speaking。
25. go back a long way
词义:历史悠久;认识很久
例句:This tradition goes back a long way.(这个传统由来已久。)
练习题:
① Our friendship ________ (go) back a long way.
② This custom goes back ________ the 18th century.(填介词)
答案:① goes ② to
解析:第1题主语friendship为单数三单;第2题go back to追溯到。
26. be similar to
词义:与……相似
近义:resemble, look like
反义:be different from
词性转换:similarity (n.)
例句:This dinosaur is similar to the one we saw yesterday.(这只恐龙和昨天看到的那只很像。)
练习题:
① Your pen is similar ________ mine.(填介词)
② There are many ________ (similar) between the two.
答案:① to ② similarities
解析:第1题固定搭配to;第2题many后加可数名词复数。
27. alphabetical order
词义:字母顺序
例句:The editor arranged the names in alphabetical order.(编辑按字母顺序排列了姓名。)
练习题:
① Put these words in ________ (alphabet) order.
② The English ________ (alphabet) has 26 letters.
答案:① alphabetical ② alphabet
解析:第1题修饰order用形容词;第2题定冠词后加名词。
28. play an important role
词义:起重要作用
近义:play a key part
固定搭配:play a... role in...
例句:Dinosaurs played an important role in prehistoric ecosystem.(恐龙在史前生态系统中扮演了重要角色。)
练习题:
① Computers play an important ________ in modern life.(填名词)
② She played a key role ________ the project.(填介词)
答案:① role ② in
解析:第1题play a role固定短语;第2题role in...。
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