Unit 1单元单词表备课 2025-2026学年沪教版八年级英语上册

2026-02-20
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 初中英语沪教版八年级上册
年级 八年级
章节 Unit 1 Look it up!
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 -
使用场景 同步教学-单元练习
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 全国
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地区(区县) -
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文件大小 35 KB
发布时间 2026-02-20
更新时间 2026-02-20
作者 匿名
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2026-02-20
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沪教版8上unit1英语单词表 教师备课材料 1. dinosaur /ˈdaɪnəsɔː(r)/ 词性:n. [C] 词义:恐龙;守旧落伍的人(引申义) 近义词:fossil animal;反义词:modern creature 词性转换:dinosaurian (adj. 恐龙的) 固定搭配: dinosaur fossil 恐龙化石 extinct dinosaur 灭绝的恐龙 例句:Many dinosaurs died out 65 million years ago.(许多恐龙在6500万年前灭绝了。) 练习题: ① The ________ (dinosaur) disappeared from the earth suddenly. ② Scientists found some ________ (dinosaur) eggs in this area. 答案:① dinosaurs ② dinosaur(名词作定语,通常用单数) 解析:第1题主语是复数概念,用复数;第2题名词作定语修饰eggs,通常用单数形式。 2. notebook /ˈnəʊtbʊk/ 词性:n. [C] 词义:笔记本;笔记本电脑 构词:note(笔记)+ book(本子) 近义词:laptop(笔记本电),exercise book 词性转换:notebooks (pl.) 固定搭配: write in a notebook 写在笔记本里 notebook computer 笔记本电脑 例句:The editor wrote down every detail in his notebook.(编辑在笔记本上记下了每一个细节。) 练习题: ① I bought three ________ (notebook) for the new term. ② He put his ________ (notebook) computer into his bag. 答案:① notebooks ② notebook 解析:第1题three后加复数;第2题名词作定语修饰computer,用单数。 3. vehicle /ˈviːəkl/ 词性:n. [C] 词义:交通工具,车辆;(传播思想、艺术的)媒介 近义词:transport, medium;反义词:pedestrian(行人) 词性转换:vehicular (adj. 车辆的) 固定搭配: motor vehicle 机动车 a vehicle for... ……的媒介/工具 例句:Art is a powerful vehicle for spreading ideas.(艺术是传播思想的强大媒介。) 练习题: ① More and more ________ (vehicle) appear on the road. ② The play was just a ________ (vehicular) for his political views. 答案:① vehicles ② vehicle 解析:第1题more and more后加可数名词复数;第2题a后面用名词单数,此处意为“媒介”,不用形容词。 4. birth /bɜːθ/ 词性:n. [C, U] 词义:出生,诞生;起源 反义词:death 词性转换:bear (v. 生育) → born (adj. 天生的) → birthday (n. 生日) 固定搭配: give birth to 生下;使诞生 at birth 出生时 例句:The birth of this artist changed the art world.(这位艺术家的诞生改变了艺术界。) 练习题: ① She gave ________ (born) to a healthy baby. ② He has been blind from ________ (bear). 答案:① birth ② birth 解析:第1题固定搭配give birth to;第2题from birth“从出生起”;注意bear的过去分词是born,但名词是birth。 5. death /deθ/ 词性:n. [C, U] 词义:死亡;灭亡 反义词:life, birth 词性转换:die (v.) → dead (adj.) → deadly (adj. 致命的) 固定搭配: to death 致死 death rate 死亡率 例句:The death of the dinosaurs led to the rise of mammals.(恐龙的死亡导致了哺乳动物的崛起。) 练习题: ① His grandfather ________ (death) last year. ② The ________ (die) leaves fell to the ground. 答案:① died ② dead 解析:第1题缺谓语动词,用die的过去式;第2题缺形容词修饰leaves,用dead。 6. suffering /ˈsʌfərɪŋ/ 词性:n. [C, U] 词义:痛苦,苦难 近义词:pain, hardship;反义词:happiness, comfort 词性转换:suffer (v. 遭受) → sufferer (n. 患病者) 固定搭配: economic suffering 经济苦难 cause suffering 造成痛苦 例句:His paintings show the suffering of war.(他的画作展现了战争的苦难。) 练习题: ① He ________ (suffering) from a bad cold last week. ② She couldn't bear the ________ (suffer) of losing her child. 答案:① suffered ② suffering 解析:第1题last week用一般过去时,suffer是动词;第2题the后面加名词,suffering是不可数名词。 7. artist /ˈɑːtɪst/ 词性:n. [C] 词义:艺术家,画家 近义词:painter, creator 词性转换:art (n. 艺术) → artistic (adj. 艺术的) → artistry (n. 艺术性) 固定搭配: talented artist 有天赋的艺术家 street artist 街头艺人 例句:A true artist puts his soul into every piece.(真正的艺术家把灵魂注入每一件作品。) 练习题: ① She is a famous ________ (art). ② This painting shows his high ________ (artist) level. 答案:① artist ② artistic 解析:第1题famous后接名词人,用artist;第2题修饰level用形容词artistic。 8. piece /piːs/ 词性:n. [C] 词义:片,块;作品;部件 近义词:part, work;反义词:whole 词性转换:piece together (v. 拼凑) 固定搭配: a piece of 一张/片/块 piece of art 艺术品 例句:This is his finest piece of work.(这是他最好的作品。) 练习题: ① Can you give me two ________ (piece) of paper? ② He ________ (piece) together the broken vase. 答案:① pieces ② pieced 解析:第1题two后加复数pieces;第2题动词过去式pieced。 9. whole /həʊl/ 词性:n./adj. 词义:全部,整个;完整的 近义词:entire, complete;反义词:part, partial 词性转换:wholly (adv. 完全地) 固定搭配: as a whole 总体上 the whole world 全世界 例句:He spent the whole day in the museum.(他花了一整天在博物馆。) 练习题: ① He ________ (whole) agrees with me. ② The ________ (wholly) class passed the exam. 答案:① wholly ② whole 解析:第1题修饰动词agrees用副词wholly;第2题修饰class用形容词whole。 10. editor /ˈedɪtə(r)/ 词性:n. [C] 词义:编辑,编者 近义词:compiler 词性转换:edit (v. 编辑) → edition (n. 版本) → editorial (adj. 编辑的) 固定搭配: chief editor 主编 text editor 文本编辑器 例句:The editor organized the articles in alphabetical order.(编辑按字母顺序整理了文章。) 练习题: ① Who ________ (editor) this book? ② The ________ (edit) made many changes to my article. 答案:① edited ② editor 解析:第1题缺谓语动词,用edit的过去式;第2题缺主语名词,用editor。 11. order /ˈɔːdə(r)/ 词性:n./v. 词义:顺序;命令;订购 近义词:sequence (n.), command (v.) 反义词:disorder 词性转换:orderly (adj. 整齐的) → disorder (n. 杂乱) 固定搭配: in order 整齐;按顺序 in order to 为了 例句:Please put these words in alphabetical order.(请把这些词按字母顺序排列。) 练习题: ① His room is always ________ (order). ② He ________ (order) a cup of coffee just now. 答案:① orderly/in order ② ordered 解析:第1题作表语用形容词orderly或短语in order;第2题just now用过去时。 12. record 词性:n. /ˈrekɔːd/ 唱片,记录;v. /rɪˈkɔːd/ 记录,录音 词义:记录;唱片;创纪录 近义词:document (v.) 词性转换:recorder (n. 录音机) → recording (n. 录音) 固定搭配: set a record 创纪录 record holder 纪录保持者 例句:The scientist recorded every dinosaur bone he found.(科学家记录了他找到的每一根恐龙骨头。) 练习题: ① He holds the world ________ (record) for the 100 meters. ② She ________ (record) a song in the studio yesterday. 答案:① record ② recorded 解析:第1题名词“纪录”;第2题yesterday用过去时。 13. intelligent /ɪnˈtelɪdʒənt/ 词性:adj. 词义:聪明的,有智力的;智能的 近义词:clever, smart, bright;反义词:stupid, unintelligent 词性转换:intelligence (n.) → intelligently (adv.) 固定搭配: intelligent life 智慧生命 intelligent system 智能系统 例句:Humans are the most intelligent animals on Earth.(人类是地球上最聪明的动物。) 练习题: ① He answered all the questions ________ (intelligent). ② She has high ________ (intelligent) and works hard. 答案:① intelligently ② intelligence 解析:第1题修饰动词answer用副词;第2题作have的宾语用名词。 14. talented /ˈtæləntɪd/ 词性:adj. 词义:有天赋的,有才能的 近义词:gifted, skilled;反义词:untalented 词性转换:talent (n. 天赋) → talentless (adj. 无才能的) 固定搭配: talented musician 有天赋的音乐家 be talented in 在……方面有天赋 例句:Mozart was a talented composer even as a child.(莫扎特从小就很有天赋。) 练习题: ① She has a great ________ (talented) for painting. ② He is ________ (talent) in playing the piano. 答案:① talent ② talented 解析:第1题a后面加名词talent;第2题be后加形容词talented。 15. artistic /ɑːˈtɪstɪk/ 词性:adj. 词义:艺术的,有艺术天赋的 近义词:creative, aesthetic 词性转换:art (n.) → artist (n.) → artistically (adv.) 固定搭配: artistic value 艺术价值 artistic style 艺术风格 例句:She comes from a very artistic family.(她出身于艺术世家。) 练习题: ① The ________ (artistic) painted a beautiful picture. ② He arranged the flowers ________ (artistic). 答案:① artist ② artistically 解析:第1题缺主语名词“艺术家”;第2题修饰动词arrange用副词。 16. prehistoric /ˌpriːhɪˈstɒrɪk/ 词性:adj. 词义:史前的 构词:pre(前)+ historic(历史的) 近义词:ancient, primitive 词性转换:prehistory (n. 史前时期) 固定搭配: prehistoric times 史前时代 prehistoric animal 史前动物 例句:Dinosaurs are prehistoric creatures.(恐龙是史前生物。) 练习题: ① People in ________ (prehistoric) lived in caves. ② This is a ________ (history) building. 答案:① prehistory ② historic/historical 解析:第1题in后加名词prehistory;第2题修饰building用形容词historic。 17. completely /kəmˈpliːtli/ 词性:adv. 词义:完全地,彻底地 近义词:totally, entirely;反义词:partially 词性转换:complete (v./adj.) → completion (n.) 固定搭配: completely different 完全不同 completely forgot 完全忘记 例句:The original painting was completely destroyed.(原作被彻底毁坏了。) 练习题: ① Have you ________ (complete) your homework? ② The work is not ________ (complete) yet. 答案:① completed ② complete 解析:第1题现在完成时缺过去分词;第2题be动词后加形容词。 18. original /əˈrɪdʒənl/ 词性:adj. 词义:原始的;原创的;新颖的 近义词:first, creative;反义词:copy, duplicate 词性转换:origin (n. 起源) → originate (v. 起源) 固定搭配: original idea 原创想法 original version 原始版本 例句:This is not a copy;it's the original painting.(这不是复制品,是原作。) 练习题: ① What is the ________ (originate) of this custom? ② His plan is very ________ (origin). 答案:① origin ② original 解析:第1题定冠词后加名词origin;第2题be动词后加形容词original。 19. organize /ˈɔːɡənaɪz/ 词性:v. 词义:组织,安排 近义词:arrange, sort;反义词:disorganize 词性转换:organization (n.) → organizer (n. 组织者) 固定搭配: organize a meeting 组织会议 Well-organized 有条理的 例句:The teacher asked us to organize the words in groups.(老师让我们分组整理这些词。) 练习题: ① Thanks for your ________ (organize) of the party. ② She is an excellent ________ (organize). 答案:① organization ② organizer 解析:第1题your后加名词;第2题冠词an后加名词人。 21. die out 词性:v. phrase(不及物) 词义:灭绝,消失 近义词:become extinct, disappear 反义词:survive, thrive 词性转换:die→died→dying;out为副词 固定搭配:无被动语态 例句:Many species are dying out because of pollution.(许多物种因污染而灭绝。) 练习题: ① If we don't protect them, tigers will ________ out. ② The fire finally ________ (die) out after three hours. 答案:① die ② died 解析:第1题will后加动词原形;第2题after three hours用过去时。 22. a type of 词义:一种…… 近义:a kind of, a sort of 用法:后接名词单数,不加冠词 例句:TRex was a type of large dinosaur.(霸王龙是一种大型恐龙。) 练习题: ① This is a special ________ of flower.(种类) ② What type ________ music do you like?(填介词) 答案:① type ② of 解析:第1题a type of固定结构;第2题what type of...。 23. be related to 词义:与……有关;与……有亲属关系 近义:be connected with, be linked to 反义:be unrelated to 例句:Birds are related to dinosaurs.(鸟类与恐龙有亲缘关系。) 练习题: ① He is related ________ me by marriage.(填介词) ② Are these two events ________ (relate)? 答案:① to ② related 解析:第1题固定搭配to;第2题be动词后加形容词related。 24. general education 词义:通识教育,普通教育 例句:Art should be part of general education.(艺术应成为通识教育的一部分。) 练习题: ① Everyone should receive a ________ (generally) education. ② ________ (general) speaking, he is a good student. 答案:① general ② Generally 解析:第1题修饰education用形容词general;第2题固定短语Generally speaking。 25. go back a long way 词义:历史悠久;认识很久 例句:This tradition goes back a long way.(这个传统由来已久。) 练习题: ① Our friendship ________ (go) back a long way. ② This custom goes back ________ the 18th century.(填介词) 答案:① goes ② to 解析:第1题主语friendship为单数三单;第2题go back to追溯到。 26. be similar to 词义:与……相似 近义:resemble, look like 反义:be different from 词性转换:similarity (n.) 例句:This dinosaur is similar to the one we saw yesterday.(这只恐龙和昨天看到的那只很像。) 练习题: ① Your pen is similar ________ mine.(填介词) ② There are many ________ (similar) between the two. 答案:① to ② similarities 解析:第1题固定搭配to;第2题many后加可数名词复数。 27. alphabetical order 词义:字母顺序 例句:The editor arranged the names in alphabetical order.(编辑按字母顺序排列了姓名。) 练习题: ① Put these words in ________ (alphabet) order. ② The English ________ (alphabet) has 26 letters. 答案:① alphabetical ② alphabet 解析:第1题修饰order用形容词;第2题定冠词后加名词。 28. play an important role 词义:起重要作用 近义:play a key part 固定搭配:play a... role in... 例句:Dinosaurs played an important role in prehistoric ecosystem.(恐龙在史前生态系统中扮演了重要角色。) 练习题: ① Computers play an important ________ in modern life.(填名词) ② She played a key role ________ the project.(填介词) 答案:① role ② in 解析:第1题play a role固定短语;第2题role in...。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 1单元单词表备课 2025-2026学年沪教版八年级英语上册
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Unit 1单元单词表备课 2025-2026学年沪教版八年级英语上册
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Unit 1单元单词表备课 2025-2026学年沪教版八年级英语上册
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