内容正文:
七年级英语下册Unit4语法讲义
祈使句
一、祈使句的定义
祈使句用来表达叮嘱、劝告、希望、禁止、请求或命令等语气,说话对象通常是第二人称 “你 / 你们”,所以主语 you 常被省略。
二、祈使句的特点
1. 一般没有主语,可理解为省略了主语 you。
2. 以动词原形开头,无时态和数的变化。
3. 表达请求时,可在句首或句尾加上 please;语气强烈时可用感叹号。
三、祈使句的结构(挖空填写)
1. 肯定句结构
· 动词原形 + 其他
1. 例:Give them more personal space.
1. 例:Wave to say goodbye.
1. 例:Please close the door. / Sit down, please.
2. 否定句结构
· Don’t + 动词原形 + 其他
1. 例:Don’t stand too close to the river bank.
1. 例:Please don’t do it.
1. 例:Don’t bring any food or drink into the lab next time.
· 特殊情况:以 be 开头的祈使句,否定形式为 Don’t be + 表语
· 例:Be careful! → Don’t be careful!(错误)→ Don’t be careless! / Be careful!(正确)
· 例:Don’t be late again.
四、常见祈使句类型
类型
结构
例句
命令
动词原形
Stop! / Come to my office.
劝告
动词原形
Be careful! / Hurry up!
请求
Please + 动词原形 / 动词原形 + please
Please close the door. / Sit down, please.
禁止
Don’t + 动词原形
Don’t be late again. / Don’t bring food into the lab.
五、配套练习
(一)基础填空
1. __________ (give) them more personal space.
2. __________ (not stand) too close to the river bank.
3. __________ (be) careful!
4. __________ (not be) late again.
5. Please __________ (close) the door.
(二)句型转换
1. Close the window.(改为否定句)__________ __________ the window.
2. Don’t be late.(改为肯定句)__________ __________.
3. Sit down, please.(改为同义句)__________ __________ sit down.
4. Don’t eat in class.(对划线部分提问)__________ __________ you do in class?
(三)情景选择
1. 当你想提醒同学 “小心!” 时,应说:A. Be careful!B. You are careful!
2. 当你想表达 “请不要迟到” 时,应说:A. Don’t be late, please.B. You don’t be late.
六、参考答案
(一)基础填空
1. Give
2. Don’t stand
3. Be
4. Don’t be
5. close
(二)句型转换
1. Don’t close
2. Be on time / Be punctual
3. Please
4. What don’t
(三)情景选择
1. A
2. A
祈使句课堂小测
(时间:15 分钟 满分:30 分)
一、单项选择(每题 2 分,共 10 分)
1. ______ careful! The floor is wet.A. Be B. Are C. Being
2. ______ late again, or the teacher will be angry.A. Don’t be B. Not be C. Be not
3. Please ______ the door when you leave.A. close B. closes C. closing
4. ______ bring any food or drink into the library.A. Not B. Don’t C. Doesn’t
5. —______ I come in?—Come in, please.A. Can B. May C. Both A and B
二、用所给词的适当形式填空(每题 2 分,共 10 分)
1. __________ (give) me a piece of paper, please.
2. __________ (not stand) too close to the street.
3. __________ (be) quiet! The baby is sleeping.
4. __________ (not be) afraid. I’ll help you.
5. Please __________ (not forget) to bring your homework.
三、句型转换(每题 2 分,共 10 分)
1. Open the window.(改为否定句)__________ __________ the window.
2. Don’t run in the hallway.(改为肯定句)__________ in the hallway.
3. Sit down, please.(改为同义句)__________ __________ sit down.
4. Be careful.(改为否定句)__________ __________ careless.
5. Don’t be late for school.(对划线部分提问)__________ __________ be late for?
参考答案
一、单项选择
1. A
2. A
3. A
4. B
5. C
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. Give
2. Don’t stand
3. Be
4. Don’t be
5. don’t forget
三、句型转换
1. Don’t open
2. Walk
3. Please
4. Don’t be
5. What not
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$