专题2 第1讲 利用位置关系——织补文脉经纬，让段落浑然一体（Word教参）-【正禾一本通】2026年高考英语二轮专题复习高效讲义

　　阅读七选五主要考查考生对文章内容结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。 该题型要求考生：1.能够快速识别文章类型，从整体上把握文章结构和各语块之间的联系；2.运用语篇标志词，分析和理解句子的类型、意义及功能；3.理解段落与段落之间、句子与句子之间、句子与段落之间的内在联系，准确把握文章脉络。 【三年高考命题大数据】 试卷 名称 考试 年份 考查体裁 主题语境 文章话题 篇章 词数 考点统计 小标题 设空位置 段首 段中 段尾 新课标Ⅰ卷 2025 记叙文 人与社会 咖啡馆工作人员的真诚服务 255 0 0 4 1 2024 夹叙 夹议文 人与自我 英语词典的使用 264 0 1 4 0 2023 说明文 人与自我 自我原谅 247 0 0 4 1 新课标Ⅱ卷 2025 说明文 人与社会 家庭共同参与志愿活动的好处 247 1 1 2 1 2024 说明文 人与社会 如何避免“过度旅游” 257 0 1 3 1 2023 说明文 人与社会 如何开启艺术之旅 261 0 1 3 1 【考情特点总结】 　　作为新高考“结构型”阅读理解题，七选五的核心考查已从单句理解升级为对篇章结构、逻辑关系与语境衔接的综合把握能力，要求考生扮演“文章编辑”角色，精准复原文本逻辑链条。近年命题趋势呈现三大特点： 1.文本结构灵活化，反套路明显：选材以说明文为主，但结构日趋多样(如非列条式、松散式)，多无小标题，显著增加语篇结构理解难度；偶现记叙文(如2025全国一卷)，体裁非固定化。 2.聚焦逻辑思维，考查关键能力：题目设计紧密呼应新课标“思维品质”核心素养要求，突出考查语篇逻辑推理与问题解决能力。 3.衔接重心迁移：从早期侧重表层词汇衔接(如代词指代、关键词复现)，转向深层逻辑功能衔接。考生需精准判断句子的段落功能(如：承上启下、总领下文、举例论证、补充说明)。 第一讲　利用位置关系——织补文脉经纬，让段落浑然一体 　　命题人常在段首、段中和段尾三个位置进行挖空。位置不同，所起的作用也不同；同时命题人利用设空位置的暗示和空处上下文的提示，来考查考生的逻辑思维能力。 专家说考情 名师说对策 2025年全国一卷有4个小题考查段中句，1个小题考查段尾句；2025年全国二卷有2个小题考查段中句，2个小题分别考查段首句和段尾句，1个小题考查小标题；2024年新高考Ⅰ卷有4个小题考查段中句，1个小题考查段首句；2024年新高考Ⅱ卷有3个小题考查段中句，2个小题分别考查段首句和段尾句。 新高考阅读七选五对标题句的考查较少，对细节句的考查侧重上下文的衔接，所以应关注空前空后关键句中的关键词和衔接过渡词汇。考生做题时，一看结构(设空位置)；二析逻辑；三找词语(词汇复现)。 类型(一)　设空在段首——段落小标题、段落主题句或承上启下过渡句 若是针对段落小标题设空，其呈现形式应和其他小标题相同，选项短小精悍，多为名词词组、动词-ing短语或祈使句。若段落首句设空，段首句要么与段落标题相关联，要么是段落主题句；选项要有概括性，要么承接上段，要么是对下文的概括。 技巧1　利用“形似”原则，确定段落标题句 　　　　　　　2025·浙江1月卷选段 　　Here are some tips worth following in order to communicate more effectively. ●Keep your audience in mind. ... ●Don’t use ten words when one will do. ... ●39.　　　 If you’ve ever worked as an instructor，manager，trainer or coach，you’ll know that there are few better ways to learn new information than to teach it.Ask the audience to contribute their ideas or to take a role in explaining new concepts and policies to others.Allow them to lead discussions and meetings to develop their communication skills. ●Consider the best method to deliver your message. ... A.Be patient. B.Get the audience involved. C.The best messages are often simple. D.Speak directly to what matters to them. 自主解答　　　B　　 【技法图解】 【解题应用】 设空处是段落标题句，其他标题均为祈使句式，故可锁定选项范围，仅A、B、D项符合。段落内容为“让听众参与教学、讨论”，例如“贡献想法”“解释概念”。B项“Get the audience involved.”能精准概括段落核心策略——通过听众的主动参与(贡献、解释、主持)来增强沟通效果。 技巧2　利用“句型一致”原则，确定段落主题句 　　　　　　　2024·新课标Ⅱ卷选段 　　·Choose mindfully.Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason：they’re special.With so many online posts featuring the same places，it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out.Go somewhere only when the landscape，culture or food deeply draws you.37.Travel for you and no one else. ·Get creative.The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else.Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world，it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots.That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from.38.You can still find relatively undiscovered places.Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights？ ·39.　　　　 Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.You’ll compete with fewer tourists，save money，experience a different side of a popular place，and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower. A.Visit during off-peak times. B.So，should we stop traveling？ C.Travel for you and no one else. D.Can overtourism be avoided then？ E.You can still find relatively undiscovered places. F.You’ll find yourself virtually alone，or close to it. G.Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting. 自主解答　　　A　　 【技法图解】 【解题应用】 第39题位于段首，观察其他段落首句可知，所选句为该段主题句，句型应与其他主题句一致，因此，设空处应是以动词原形开头的祈使句。由“Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.”可知，旅游时要注意避开重要的节假日或高峰期，选择合适的时间，所以本段主要讲“在非高峰时间旅游”。 技巧3　瞻前顾后，确定段落过渡句 　　　　　　　2024·新课标Ⅰ卷选段 　　I keep two reference books close-by on my desk： dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典).I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker.37.It takes no account of the context. Of course，these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses，but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus. 38.　　　　 It should give you a precise definition of each word，thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar，but not identical.It will also usually show how the word is pronounced. C.But I still don’t want to replace them. D.But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E.Of course，a dictionary is not only for spelling. F.That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. 自主解答　　　E　　 【技法图解】 【解题应用】 观察其他段落，其他段落没有段落主旨句，由此可知，本设空不是段落主旨句，本题考查段落过渡句。 设空处与下文“It should give you a precise definition of each word...but not identical.It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.”有紧密的递进关系，该段主要讲述了词典不仅仅提供单词的拼写，还提供其他信息。E选项“Of course，a dictionary is not only for spelling.”提到了词典的部分功能，能引起下文内容。 类型(二)　设空在段中——利用7种逻辑关系解题 段中设空题聚焦句间逻辑衔接。文章是内在关联的有机整体，句子间存在并列、转折、因果、总分等复合逻辑关系。解题核心在于：若出现逻辑标记词(如however/therefore)，直接据此推断；若无显性标记，则需透析上下文语义，重构完整逻辑链。 技巧1　根据解释关系确定答案 　　　　　　　2025·全国二卷选段 　　●You’ll have more time with family. Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal.40.　　　　 Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way.And，there are tasks for every age and ability，so all your children can feel proud of their work. D.Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice. E.For adults，volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits. F.You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn’t know about before. G.Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day. 自主解答　　　F　　 【技法图解】 【解题应用】 空前句提出了一个总括性的观点：家庭志愿活动是一种“独特的共同经历”。空后句进一步阐述：每个人都贡献“独特之处”，并以“新方式”相互联系。F项中“发现孩子的天赋”既是“独特经历”的具体体现，也呼应空后“每个人贡献独特之处”，是承上启下的最佳解释。 技巧2　根据递进关系确定答案 　　　　　　　2024·1月浙江卷选段 　　In the past few years，online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience.36.A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses.But are all online courses created equal？How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you？ 37.　　　　 A.But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines. B.Your motivation should be your main concern. C.Do you know that online courses are also part of your education？ D.Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online. E.The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human interaction. F.If you take an online course，what can you do to ensure the best possible grade？ 自主解答　　　F　　 【技法图解】 【解题应用】 空前是两个问句，该空承接前面两个问句，且语意应递进，锁定两个问句选项C项、F项。F项“如果你参加在线课程，你能做什么来确保获得最好的成绩？”是对前面两个问句的进一步补充，符合语境。 技巧3　根据总分关系确定答案 　　　　　　　2023·全国乙卷选段 　　Why are indoor plants good for you？ Will Spoelstra，who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens，says，“38.　　　　.I find during the winter months，plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity，focus and memory.There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases，such as carbon dioxide.They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.39.Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best. A.All plants are different B.Not only do they look beautiful C.There are many benefits to growing plants indoors 自主解答　　　C　　 【技法图解】 【解题应用】 空后的句子逐一列举了室内植物的多个具体好处：“lift your mood”“improve creativity，focus and memory”“clean the air”。C选项中的 many benefits完美地概括了下文的“提升情绪”“提升记忆力”“净化空气”等多个分项，形成了清晰的“总—分”逻辑关系。 技巧4　根据例证关系确定答案 　　　　　　　2023·全国甲卷选段 　　•Make yourself wait Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time，but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run.And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice.38.　　　　.Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake.You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice，the more you start to apply it to other，more annoying situations. A.Find your causes B.Start with small tasks C.Accept the uncomfortable D.All this adds up to a state of hurry 自主解答　　　B　　 【技法图解】 【解题应用】 考查例证关系。根据空前的“the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice”可知，空处讲到的应该是如何练习。空后则进一步列举生活中可以尝试的小事，例如“Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake.”。B项“从小任务开始”承上启下，并且能与后文形成例证关系。 技巧5　根据转折关系确定答案 　　　　　　　2025·1月浙江卷选段 　　Even the most engaged and committed audience will eventually get bored.Keeping your message simple and clear will make it easier for people to understand.38.　　　　 However，they’re hearing it for the first time.Keep it simple. A.Be patient. B.Get the audience involved. C.The best messages are often simple. D.Speak directly to what matters to them. E.You may be surprised by what your listeners offer. F.It will also give them a handy record to refer back to. G.As the speaker，you already know what you’re going to say. 自主解答　　　G　　 【技法图解】 【解题应用】 根据空后的“However，they’re hearing it for the first time.”可知，空后内容与空处构成转折关系，应涉及早就知道这些内容的人，G项“作为讲话者，你已经知道你要说什么了。”符合语境，且空后的it指代G项中的“what you’re going to say”。 技巧6　根据因果关系确定答案 　　　　　　　2025·全国一卷选段 　　One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious (有感染力) and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her.Joanna Wright，a senior political science major，loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week.39.　　　　 “Catherine always has a huge smile on her face，which always puts me in a cheerful mood，” Wright said. A.The cafe closes at 9 pm every day. B.She has two children aged eight and four. C.Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early. D.After finishing an order，she calls out the name on the cup. E.Not only does this cafe serve up drinks，it also serves up smiles. F.Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class. G.She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else. 自主解答　　　F　　 【技法图解】 【解题应用】 空前提到学生Wright每周至少去咖啡馆6天；空后提到Wright说Catherine的笑容让她心情愉快。F项“去咖啡馆让她一天有个好的开始，并为上课做好准备。”解释了Wright高频去咖啡馆的原因，符合语境。 技巧7　根据并列关系确定答案 　　　　　　　2025·全国一卷选段 　　Catherine Murphy，a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat，makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order.She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks.37.　　　　 As the customer grabs the drink from her hand，she smiles and says，“Hello，how is your day？” Even when the line is getting longer，she doesn’t let it get in the way of her genuine conversations. A.The cafe closes at 9 pm every day. B.She has two children aged eight and four. C.Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early. D.After finishing an order，she calls out the name on the cup. E.Not only does this cafe serve up drinks，it also serves up smiles. F.Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class. G.She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else. 自主解答　　　D　　 【技法图解】 【解题应用】 空前提到Catherine Murphy在机器间来回走动，制作饮品；空后提到顾客从她手中拿饮品时，她会微笑问候。D项“完成订单后，她喊出杯子上的名字。”引出顾客接饮品的场景，形成“制作→叫号→交付”的完整流程。三者是并列关系。 类型(三)　设空在段尾——过渡衔接句、补充信息句或总结概括句 　　当设空位于非尾段段末时，可能是考查承上启下的过渡句，解题时需关注逻辑衔接词与词汇复现；也可能是对上文进行补充说明或举例，此时应选择补充性语句；若设空在段尾，则通常是总结概括句，需注意寻找如therefore，in short等结论性信号词，并确保选项与段落主题一致。 技巧1　“过渡衔接句”的思维趋向 　　　　　　　2025·全国一卷选段 An Unsung Hero Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning？ The College Cafe has just that，and more.36.　　　 Catherine Murphy，a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat，makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order.She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks.37.After finishing an order，she calls out the name on the cup.As the customer grabs the drink from her hand，she smiles and says，“Hello，how is your day？” Even when the line is getting longer，she doesn’t let it get in the way of her genuine conversations. A.The cafe closes at 9 pm every day. B.She has two children aged eight and four. E.Not only does this cafe serve up drinks，it also serves up smiles. G.She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else. 自主解答　　　E　　 【技法图解】 【解题应用】 根据上文“Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning？ The College Cafe has just that，and more.(课间需要休息或早上快速提神？大学咖啡馆不仅提供这些，还有更多。)”可知，开篇引出咖啡馆的功能，空格处需揭示“更多”的内涵。E选项“这家咖啡馆不仅提供饮品，还提供微笑”通过“Not only...(but) also...”结构，呼应上文提到休息和提神饮品，又引出下文核心——墨菲的微笑服务。 技巧2　“补充信息句”的思维趋向 　　　　　　　2023·全国乙卷选段 　　Why are indoor plants good for you？ Will Spoelstra，who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens，says，“38.There are many benefits to growing plants indoors.I find during the winter months，plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity，focus and memory.There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases，such as carbon dioxide.They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.39.　　　　. D.Instead，they grow better inside，where it is warmer E.Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best F.Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help 自主解答　　　E　　 【技法图解】 【解题应用】 设空处位于段尾，与上文存在例证、补充说明关系，上文说盆栽可以通过消除二氧化碳等有害气体来净化周围的空气，还可以消除一些来自油漆或烹饪的有害化学物质。E选项“Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best.(和平百合和绿萝正是效果最好的植物。)”举例补充说明上文研究结果。 技巧3　“总结概括句”的思维趋向 　　　　　　　2024·新课标Ⅱ卷选段 　　·Choose mindfully.Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason： they’re special.With so many online posts featuring the same places，it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out.Go somewhere only when the landscape，culture or food deeply draws you.37.　　　 A.Visit during off-peak times. B.So，should we stop traveling？ C.Travel for you and no one else. D.Can overtourism be avoided then？ E.You can still find relatively undiscovered places. 自主解答　　　C　　 【技法图解】 【解题应用】 本段小标题是“谨慎选择”，空前讲述了只有当目的地的景色、文化或食物深深吸引你时才去。设空处在段末，应紧扣本段标题，总结全段主旨，C选项“为自己而非为他人旅游”总结上文，符合语境。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $