专题4 第1讲 有提示词之动词（Word教参）-【正禾一本通】2026年高考英语二轮专题复习高效讲义

【三年高考命题大数据】 试卷 名称 考试 年份 体裁 主题 语境 文章 话题 篇章 词数 考点统计 有提示词 无提示词 谓语动词 非谓语 动词 词性转换 名词的 数或格 代词 比较等级 数词 冠词 介词 并列连词 从句引导词 新课标 Ⅰ卷 2025 说明文 人与 社会 以围棋为灵感 的艺术展览 234 2 1 3 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2024 说明文 人与 社会 玻璃温室与 丝路花园 243 1 1 4 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 2023 说明文 人与 社会 小笼包 207 0 4 2 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 新课标 Ⅱ卷 2025 记叙文 人与 自我 从美国到中 国浙江农村 225 1 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 2024 说明文 人与 社会 汤显祖与 莎士比亚 212 2 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2023 记叙文 人与 社会 教熊猫管 理员英语 209 1 1 3 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 【考情特点总结】 一、选材特点：文以载道，语境真实 ①语篇题材广泛，富有时代性与文化内涵，兼具育人价值。 ②结构清晰、逻辑性强，语言规范地道，要求考生适应不同语体并在真实语境中运用语言。 二、考查特点：基础综合化，语境逻辑化 ①语境化基础：名词复数、主谓一致、冠词等基础考点均深度嵌入语篇逻辑中考查。 ②系统化词法：构词法(词形转换)是核心考点，系统性考查词汇体系(词根、词缀、词性转换)。 ③关联性句法：重点考查从句与连词，测试把握句子成分间逻辑关系的能力。 三、能力指向：超越语法，指向核心素养 题目综合考查英语学科核心素养： ①语言能力：词汇、语法、语篇知识的综合运用。 ②思维品质：逻辑推理与信息处理能力。 ③文化意识：通过语篇理解中外文化。 ④学习能力：运用构词法等规律猜测词义、拓展词汇的策略。 总之，高考语法填空题是以富有文化与时代价值的语篇为载体，在真实语境中系统考查语法知识综合运用、逻辑推理及文化理解能力的综合素养考查。备考需转向“读篇章、理逻辑、析结构、用规律”，促进语言能力、思维品质与文化意识协同发展。 第一讲　有提示词之动词 　　在语法填空中，谓语、非谓语一直是重要的考点，近几年高考语法填空在题目设置上增加了语篇理解的难度，增强了句式结构的复杂性和干扰性，对辨别谓语、非谓语的能力提出了更高要求，如句中生僻词较多、非核心信息较多、从句嵌套、出现多个动词等，这些增加了考生判断谓语、非谓语的难度。 【解题攻略】 【真题感悟】 (限时：5分钟，正答率：　　　/10) 1.(2025·全国一卷)“The players’ personalities are revealed (reveal) during the game，and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent，” she adds. 2.(2025·全国一卷)A decent winner always tries (try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. 3.(2025·全国二卷)And in the process，I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times.The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes is (be) one of them. 4.(2025·浙江1月卷)The concept is (be) certainly not new—men have been renting good suits for decades—but for female shoppers，it is just taking off. 5.(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Some of the things that Tang was writing about were (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. 6.(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017.Two years later，a six-meter-tall pavilion，inspired by The Peony Pavilion，was built (build) at the Firs Garden，just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 7.(2024·全国甲卷)They were (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 8.(2024·全国甲卷)What should be done (do) with such a beautiful place？ They wondered out loud. 9.(2024·浙江1月卷)Over the last two years，some supermarkets have started (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). 10.(2023·全国乙卷)The remarkable development of this city，which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world，means(mean) there is always something new to discover here，and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 【名师点拨】 (一)5大方法破解谓语动词时态 1.时间标志法 时态 时间标志词(或时间状语) 一般现在时 every day、always、often、seldom、sometimes、usually等 一般过去时 yesterday、last night、a few days ago、the other day等 时态 时间标志词(或时间状语) 一般将来时 tomorrow、next year、in a week等 现在进行时 at present、now、at this moment等 现在完成时 already、so far、for＋一段时间、since＋过去时间点、ever since、in the last/past＋一段时间等 过去完成时 by、by the end of、by the time＋过去时间点等 2.语境暗示法 从近几年高考真题来看，解决时态问题要注意上下文语境暗示。正确理解语境，尤其是上下文的时态对照，是解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。 3.并列谓语法 同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词时态要一致。常见的并列连词有and，but，or，rather than，neither...nor...，not only...but (also)...等。 4.固定句式法 掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题快速且行之有效的方式，因此平时要积累并熟记一些常用句式。例如： ·was/were doing sth when＋一般过去时 ·was/were about to do sth when＋一般过去时 ·had (just) done sth when＋一般过去时 ·This/It/That was the first/second...time that＋过去完成时 ·It’s (high) time that sb did/should do sth ·It is/has been＋时间段＋since＋一般过去时 5.主从时态呼应法 在宾语从句中，如果主句用一般过去时，从句应用过去的某种时态；从句如果表示客观事实或真理则用一般现在时。 (二)逻辑关系法突破谓语动词语态 1.结合语境，分析所给动词与其对应的主语之间的逻辑关系。如果主语是该动作的发出者，则用主动语态；若主语是该动作的承受者，则用被动语态。 2.被动语态的基本形式：be done。 3.做题步骤：先考虑时态，再考虑语态。 4.主谓一致常和动词的时态、语态放在一起考查。 (三)3大原则确定主谓一致 语法一 致原则 1.可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数；可数名词复数作主语，谓语动词用复数； 2.插入语不影响主谓一致：主语后跟有with，together with，along with，as well as，in addition to，like，but，except，rather than，including等引导的短语时，谓语动词的数与前面的主语保持一致； 3.在定语从句中，关系代词that，who，which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与主句中先行词的数一致 就近一 致原则 1.主语由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but (also)...，not...but...等连接时，谓语动词的数与最近的主语一致； 2.由there，here引起的句子中，主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致 意义一 致原则 1.由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)时，谓语动词用单数；指的是不同的人、事物或概念时，谓语动词用复数。 2.动名词、动词不定式、名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数 【真题感悟】 (限时：6分钟，正答率：　　　/12) 1.(2025·全国一卷)We hope to present (present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context，and initiate dialogues with minimalist art，conceptual art and expressionism. 2.(2025·全国二卷)Growing up，my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing，denying me the chance to discover (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine—the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day. 3.(2025·全国二卷)If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt left (leave) to sun for a day，well，you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. 4.(2025·浙江1月卷)Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent (rent) rather than purchase them outright providing a less expensive solution to one-time event dressing. 5.(2025·浙江1月卷)“I really want to make this work for people’s lives today，and I know that doesn’t always mean returning (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend，” she says. 6.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝).These sepals open on warm days to give (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 7.(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Recalling (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion... 8.(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility，said Edmondson，adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find (find) the connection between the two great writers. 9.(2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level，the national parks，in particular，tend to catch (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. 10.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)To eat one，you have to decide whether to bite (bite) a small hole in it first，releasing the steam and risking a spill (溢出)，or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth，letting the hot soup explode on your tongue (舌头). 11.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside，the best xiao long bao have a fine skin，allowing them to be lifted (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. 12.(2022·全国甲卷)I was unwilling to talk with him and often disobeyed his rule of not staying (stay) out with my friends too late. 【名师点拨】 判断非谓语动词形式的5大招 1.逻辑关系法 第一步：找出分词的逻辑主语 ①作状语→逻辑主语是句子主语 ②作定语→逻辑主语是被修饰词 ③作表语→逻辑主语是句子主语 ④作宾补→逻辑主语是句子宾语 第二步：判断逻辑关系 ①在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义 ②在时间上，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生，过去分词表示动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性 (1)现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别 ①The mobile phone lying (＝which lies) on the desk belongs to me.(the mobile phone 和 lie为主谓关系，故用现在分词) ②The mobile phone laid (＝which is laid) on the desk belongs to me.(the mobile phone和 lay为动宾关系，故用过去分词) (2)现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别 在句首的分词相当于时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句；在句末的分词常作伴随状语、方式状语、结果状语，不能改成从句。 ①Seen (＝When it is seen) from space，the earth looks blue.(the earth和see为动宾关系，故用过去分词) ②Seeing (＝When we see) the earth from space，we will find it blue.(we和see为主谓关系，故用现在分词) (3)现在分词和过去分词作宾语补足语的区别 在make、have、see、observe、notice、watch、hear等动词后可用现在分词和过去分词作宾语补足语。 ①Can you hear somebody singing in the next room？(宾语somebody 和 sing 为主谓关系，故用现在分词) ②I often hear this song sung in English.(宾语this song和 sing 为动宾关系，故用过去分词) 2.关键词标志法 只能跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语) enjoy，consider，escape，include，avoid，miss，risk，appreciate，admit，mind，imagine，delay，finish，suggest，deny，practise，excuse，be worth，insist on，keep on，succeed in，give up，cannot help等 只能跟不定式作宾语的动词 hope/wish/expect，agree/promise，demand/ask，refuse，manage，learn，decide/determine，pretend，choose/select，plan，offer，intend，apply，fail，afford，prepare，desire，happen，aim，wait，threaten等 既可跟动名词又可跟不定式作宾语的动词(短语) 只能跟带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词 tell，order，allow，permit，enable，persuade，force，warn，encourage，inspire，expect等 疑问词＋不定式结构 “疑问词(what/which/how/when/where)＋to do”在句中可以作主语、宾语和表语等 介词后作宾语要用动名词 有关介词to的固定短语： ①look forward to盼望 ②get down to着手 ③be used/accustomed to 习惯于 ④stick to坚持 ⑤pay attention to注意 ⑥devote/commit/apply oneself to致力于 ⑦object to反对 ⑧be opposed to反对 ⑨When it comes to 当谈到…… ⑩attach importance to 重视 3.归类对比法 with复合结构 ①with＋宾语＋to do(未发生) ②with＋宾语＋doing(主动、进行) ③with＋宾语＋done(被动、完成) have的固定用法 ①have sb/sth doing让某人/某物一直做 ②have sth done让某事被做 ③have sb do sth让某人做某事 固定结构中doing ①spend...(in) doing 花费时间做某事 ②waste...(in) doing浪费时间做某事 ③be busy doing＝be occupied (in) doing 忙于做某事 ④prevent/stop...(from) doing 阻止某人做某事 ⑤have a hard time (in) doing 做某事有困难 ⑥have difficulty/trouble (in) doing做某事有困难 ⑦have fun (in) doing在做某事中获得乐趣 ⑧There is no point/sense (in) doing做……没有用 ⑨There is no harm (in) doing 做……没有坏处 4.专项突破法攻克不定式 从最近几年高考来看，对非谓语动词中的不定式考查较多，因此要熟记不定式的用法，专项突破不定式。 (1)不定式作状语——4情况 ①作目的状语一定用不定式； ②only to do sth表示出乎意料的结果； ③某些形容词或过去分词作表语时，后接不定式作状语。常见形容词有：happy、delighted、pleased、proud、anxious、disappointed、lucky、fortunate等； ④牢记“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词easy、difficult、comfortable等)＋to do”句式，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。 (2)不定式作定语——3标志 ①由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词(代词)常用不定式作定语。 ②由the only、the last、the next等修饰的名词(代词)常用不定式作定语。 ③被修饰的名词(代词)是ability、attempt、chance、desire、eagerness、potential、reason、right、time、way、wish、something、anything等词时，常用不定式作定语。 (3)不定式作表语——1特点 不定式作表语表示尚未发生的动作，主语常为wish、ambition、plan等。 My wish is to become a doctor in the future.我的愿望是将来成为一名医生。 5.新考向应对法——根据逻辑与时间关系，突破非谓语的时态语态 分析2022年之前的高考试卷可知，非谓语动词主要考查其一般式，但2023年新课标Ⅰ卷和全国乙卷中，分别考查了不定式一般式的被动语态和现在分词的完成式。这一新考向要引起考生的格外关注。 (1)不定式的时态和语态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing 无 完成式 to have done to have been done ①to be doing表示与谓语动作同时发生且正在进行的动作。 He is thought to be hiding in the woods. 人们认为他正躲在树林里。 ②to have done表示在谓语动作之前发出的动作。 I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble. 我很抱歉给你添了这么多麻烦。 ③to have been done表示在谓语动作之前发出的动作，且与逻辑主语是被动关系。 The novel was said to have been published. 据说这部小说已经出版了。 (2)动词-ing形式的时态和语态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done ①当一个动词-ing形式逻辑上的主语是该动作的承受者，这个动词-ing形式要用被动形式。 He entered the room without being seen. 他走进了房间，没有被人看见。 ②如动词-ing形式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，这个动词-ing形式要用完成式。 He forgot having promised to write to her. 他忘了答应过她要给她写信的。 Tom regretted not having been invited to the party. 汤姆对没有被邀请去参加这个聚会感到遗憾。 【真题感悟】 (限时：4分钟，正答率：　　　/8) 1.(2025·全国一卷)“In a Go game，each move should serve a long-term goal.You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘guidance (guide)’ till they lose，” explains Wang Wei，a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. 2.(2025·浙江1月卷)Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent rather than purchase them outright providing a less expensive solution (solve) to one-time event dressing. 3.(2024·浙江1月卷)Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the criticism (criticize) that they lead to waste. 4.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Since June 2017，right before the arrival(arrive) of the two new pandas，Meng Meng and Jiao Qing，I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English. 5.(2022·全国甲卷)Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road，in order to promote environmental protection (protect). 6.(2022·浙江1月卷)When the answer was no，she declined the invitation (invite). 7.(2021·全国乙卷)It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated (educate) about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics，and often provides money for conservation and benefits the development (develop) of the local areas. 8.(2021·浙江6月卷)In 1844 they bought it for 1，200 and some land from Charles Dresser，who performed their marriage (marry) ceremony in 1842. 【名师点拨】 1.判断动词变名词的方法 (1)作主语、及物动词(短语)或介词(短语)的宾语，以及作表语时； (2)被形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、数词、冠词、形容词修饰时； (3)修饰名词时。 2.动词变名词的常见后缀 后缀 示例 -ment develop→development amaze→amazement argue→argument -ion attract→attraction -ation expect→expectation -s(z)ion conclude→conclusion admit→admission -ance guide→guidance -ence exist→existence -al arrive→arrival -ure/-ture press→pressure -y discover→discovery -age marry→marriage 3.判断动词变形容词的方法 作定语、表语或补足语时。 4.动词变形容词的常见后缀 后缀 示例 -able suit→suitable -ful doubt→doubtful -ive attract→attractive -ary imagine→imaginary -ous continue→continuous -ing/-ed amaze→amazing/amazed 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $