专题1 第4讲 主旨大意题——去芜存菁，速抓文章主旨（PPT课件）-【正禾一本通】2026年高考英语二轮专题复习高效讲义

高三二轮专题复习高效讲义 英 语 阅读理解 专题一 考法(一)　标题归纳题——文章主线定标题 主旨大意题——去芜存菁，速抓文章主旨 第四讲 01 02 03 04 05 考法(二)　文章大意题——整体理解定主旨 考法(三)　段落大意题——首尾兼顾定段意 随堂演练 题型强化练 考法(一)　标题归纳题——文章主线定标题 真题示例 2025·全国一卷阅读C √ 考法(二)　文章大意题——整体理解定主旨 真题示例 2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C √ 考法(三)　段落大意题——首尾兼顾定段意 真题示例 2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读B选段 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ ONTENT CONTENT 谢谢观看！ 专家说考情 特点一：考查核心从“概括内容”到“提炼观点/梳理脉络” 传统主旨题侧重总结内容，新高考更重提炼作者的核心观点或梳理文章发展脉络，正确答案是对作者思想转变、论证过程或情感升华的高度浓缩，而非事实的简单陈列。 特点二：考查形式从“文章关于什么”到“作者为何而写” 写作意图类题目增多，要求考生不止读懂表层信息，更需洞察深层意图(如知识科普、警示、倡导变革等)，核心在于识别文章语气与态度。 特点三：干扰项设置从“明显无关”到“以偏概全” 主旨题干扰项多为文中重要细节或阶段性观点，看似有理却难覆全文，考生若局限局部则易落入陷阱。 名师说对策 第一步：关注“首尾”与“转折”，快速勾勒文章骨架 文章骨架多藏于关键处，阅读时需格外留意首段引出话题、提出问题的“龙头”，末段总结观点、发出呼吁的“凤尾”，各段常为中心句的首句，以及But、However、Yet、Although等强转折词后作者真正想强调的核心信息，快速串联这些关键点便能在心中形成清晰的文章结构图。 第二步：淡化“细节”，提炼“高频词”与“核心逻辑” 做主旨题需刻意练习忽略细节，不过多纠缠人名、数据或例子，而应关注反复出现的高频核心词，厘清其逻辑关系，思考作者如何通过这些核心词推进论述或展开故事情节，这一核心逻辑链便是文章主线。 第三步：比对选项，运用“覆盖原则”进行终极筛选 做主旨题时，需将提炼的主旨与选项逐一比对，用“覆盖原则”检验：看选项能否概括文章每一部分，同时用排除法剔除仅概括某段或细节的片面选项、范围远超文章范畴的宽泛选项，以及与原文相悖或未提及的事实错误(无中生有)选项。 　　While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years，transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility，especially among young children.Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school，so they pack them into the car instead. 【技法图解】 1.运用4种方法解题 Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these.In their new book Movement： How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives，they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. 2.结合3大特点解题 Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere.Some communities fought back.Most famously，a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park.Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway，Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live，and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. 3.排除3种错误选项 Although these campaigns were widespread，the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car.The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly.In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people，among the highest rate of car ownership in the world. We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through，but we fail to account for the true costs.Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities？ The authors of Movement have it right： it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door. 作者呼吁重新思考街道的作用，让城市成为生活的地方，而不仅仅是通道。A项“Why the Rush？”(我们为何要如此匆忙？)直接点明了文章质疑的核心——这种追求速度、忽视生活质量的“匆忙”是否有必要？它是否值得付出如此高的社会代价？ 31.What can be a suitable title for the text？ A.Why the Rush？　　　 B.What’s Next？ C.Where to Stay？ D.Who to Blame？ 　　We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However，most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table.While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey，Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system.It can be set up for a family.Additionally，it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital，restaurant or school.The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. 【技法图解】 1.“体裁法”定主旨 Specifically，it’s a farm that relies on new technology.By connecting through the Cloud，BMF is remotely monitored.Also，there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time.Because the system is automated，it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants.Rather than watering rows of soil，the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest，users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. 2.“串线法”定主旨 Moreover，having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad.In addition，there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. 【解题应用】 本题可以采用“串线法”定主旨。各段落的核心句共同构成了文章主旨。 引出优势 (Para.1) ...Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. 便捷优势 (Para.2) ...requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply... 技术优势 (Para.3) ...significantly reduces the amount of water needed... BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives.About half of them walk or bike to work.Inside the office，they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.“We are passionate about reducing waste，carbon and chemicals in our environment，” said a BMF employee. 环保优势 (Para.4) ...zero emissions...no need for pesticides... 理念优势 (Para.5) BMF employees live out sustainability... 综上所述，文章从各个方面凸显了BMF的优势。A项“BMF’s major strengths. (BMF的主要优点。)”是最佳选项。 　　[2]Farber，a graduate of Colorado State University，started out as a more conventional veterinarian.He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain.He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief.Then he tried acupuncture，an ancient Chinese practice，and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments.What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients.So，after studying the techniques for a couple of years，he began offering them to pets. 【技法图解】 利用“段落组织模式”解题 [3]Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition.After Charlie had a heart attack，Tindale says，she was prepared to put him to sleep，but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months.And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse，Nappy，“moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. 【解题应用】 该段无单一主旨句，由两个并列的例子构成。通过列举狗和马两个成功治愈的案例，来证明Farber的替代疗法(Holistic Medicine整体医学)的疗效。 匹配选项：D项“The effectiveness of holistic medicine.(整体医学的有效性。)” holistic medicine (整体医学) 是对Farber所用疗法(针灸、脊柱矫正等替代疗法)的恰当归类。该选项完美总结了本段的论证目的。 B (2025·济南市高三模拟)Imagine waking up one morning to find your smartphone missing.You can no longer get guided to work，order your coffee，or connect with friends.For most of us，it is a nightmare (噩梦).But it should not be exactly far-fetched. Despite being more digitally connected than ever，we are lonelier and more anxious.Anxiety rates increased by 25％ globally.Depression now affects over 280 million people worldwide.All of this is due to our growing dependence on social media and smart technologies designed to offer quick relief but often at the expense of deep，meaningful engagement，which may further cause our loss of something easy to be ignored. 核心 单词 A篇 Para.1：identify v.确认，认出，鉴定；找到，发现　Para.2：innovation n.(新事物、思想或方法的)创造，创新，改革；新思想，新方法　Para.5：groundbreaking adj.开创性的，创新的，革新的 B篇 Para.2：relief n.(不快过后的)宽慰，轻松，解脱　engagement n.(与……的)密切关系；(对……的)了解　Para.3：transform v.使改变，使转换　Para.4：reveal v.揭示，显示，透露　enhance v.提高，增强，增进　crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的 词缀 变形 A篇 Para.3：significant adj.有重大意义的，显著的；意味深长的→significantly adv.有重大意义地，显著地，明显地→significance n.(尤指对将来有影响的)重要性，意义；意思，含义 B篇 Para.2：depress v.使抑郁，使沮丧，使消沉，使失去信心→depression n.抑郁，沮丧，消沉 Para.4：adapt v.适应(新情况)→adaptable adj.有适应能力的，能适应的→adaptability n.适应性 Para.5：intend v.打算，想要→intention n.打算，目的→intentional adj.故意的，有意的，存心的 熟词 生义 A篇 culture(Para.1)常用义：n.文化，文明→文章义：n.培养物，培养细胞，培养菌 B篇 fuel(Para.4)常用义：n.燃料→文章义：v.增加，加强，刺激 核心 短语 A篇 Para.1：switch one’s focus to 把某人的注意力转移到　at a single stroke一下子　Para.2：come into use 开始被使用　Para.3：conflict with 冲突　attribute...to...把……归因于……，认为……是由于……　Para.5：team up with...与……合作，与……协作 B篇 Para.1：connect with(与某人)建立良好关系，沟通　Para.2：at the expense of 以……为代价 To illustrate this point，we conducted studies with 800 participants.We measured storytelling ability through self-reports，friend evaluations and expert reviews on lab experiments where each participant told one story about himself and the other with three given random words.In addition to these assessments of storytelling skills，we asked participants questions to get a sense of how meaningful they found life and whether they approached decisions with a “why” mindset rather than a “how” mindset. Results consistently linked storytelling skills to stronger life meaning and goal clarity.Personality also mattered： People open to new experiences collected more interesting life stories，while shy people used storytelling to balance out their limited social interaction. A strong “why” mindset connects with reduced stress and extended life. Storytelling also builds social connections.By helping people express their purpose and build relationships，stories may indirectly strengthen both mental and physical health. Storytelling workshops，now popular globally，may do more than teach communication—they could help participants redefine their life’s direction. 核心 单词 A篇 Para.2：bias n.偏见，成见，偏心　unrealistic adj.不现实的，不切实际的　pursue v.追求，致力于，执行；继续探讨(或追究、从事)　Para.4：revise v.改变，修正；(考试前)温习，复习 B篇 Para.1：track v.跟踪，追踪　Para.2：abandoned adj.被离弃的，被遗弃的，被抛弃的　 Para.3：attach v.系，绑，贴，固定，连接，附上 C篇 Para.1：abandon v.放弃，中止；抛弃，遗弃(某人)；离弃，逃离(某地方、交通工具等)　 Para.2：highlight v.突出，强调　identity n.身份；(区别人或群体的)特性；(两件事物的)相同，一致　pursue v.追求，继续进行　Para.5：consistently adv.一致地　clarity n.清楚，清晰，明确 核心 短语 A篇 Para.2：put simply简单地说　Para.3：in the long term长期来看 B篇 Para.1：be committed to 致力于……　Para.2：break free from sth./sb.逃脱……，挣脱…… chance upon/on 偶然发现，碰巧遇到　Para.4：take sth.on board 接受，采纳(建议、想法等) C篇 Para.1：at dawn 在黎明　Para.3：apply...to...把……运用到……　Para.5：balance out 抵消，相抵 熟词 生义 B篇 wash (Para.1)常用义：v.洗，洗涤　文章义：v.冲击，冲刷，冲向 B　[主旨大意题。第五段首句是本段的主旨句，即基因分析显示，两种植物激 素——生长素和乙烯——在玉米根系对水分的反应中发挥着作用，接着分别介绍两种植物激素所发挥的不同作用。所以第五段主要讲激素在根系生长中的作用，故选B。] Gold can be made into structures as small as nanowires.According to Live Science，gold can be stretched，pressed or even rolled into all kinds of shapes without breaking. What’s more，gold doesn’t react with other chemicals in the human brain，making it a safe choice.Once placed in the brain，gold nanowires can last for at least three years，which is longer than many materials currently in use. B　[细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“They will act as ‘telephone operators’... enabling communication so that the nervous system can function normally”可知，金电极将充当神经细胞和电子医疗设备之间的“电话接线员”，使沟通成为可能，这样神经系统就能够正常运作。所以金电极充当了沟通连接物，故选B。] 核心 单词 A篇 Para.1：drought-resistant adj.抗旱的　Para.2：uncover v.发现，揭露　Para.3：distinguish v.区分，辨别，分清　Para.4：nutrient n.养分，营养物　Para.6：highlight v.突出，强调 B篇 Para.2：ecosystem n.生态系统　Para.3：transform v.使改变外观(或性质)，使改观　reserve n.(动植物)保护区；自然保护区　release v.释放，放出，放走　Para.4：campaign n.(有计划的)活动，运动　phenomenon n.现象　Para.5：impact n.影响 C篇 Para.2：function v.起作用，正常工作，运转　Para.3：involve v.包含，需要，使成为必然部分(或结果)　Para.4：motion n.运动，移动，动　Para.6：stretch v.拉长，拽宽，撑大，抻松 核心 短语 A篇 Para.3：in contrast相比之下 B篇 Para.2：play a role in 在……中扮演角色/发挥作用　rely on依靠，依赖　Para.5：have an effect on 对……有影响 词缀 变形 A篇 Para.3：simple adj.简单的，简易的，容易的→simplify v.使简易，使简单，简化→simplification n.简化　Para.4：sense v.感觉到，意识到n.(对某事物的)感觉；理解力，判断力；感官→sensitive adj.敏感的；善解人意的→Para.3：sensitivity n.敏感性；灵敏度　Para.5：involve v.包含，需要；涉及，影响→involvement n.参与，介入，卷入；投入，沉迷 B篇 Para.1：potential adj.潜在的，可能的→potentially adv.可能地　Para.5：inspire v.鼓舞，激励；赋……以灵感，给……以启示→inspired adj.品质优秀的，能力卓越的，借助于灵感创作的 $