专题1 第2讲 推理判断题——抽丝剥茧，秒懂言外之意（PPT课件）-【正禾一本通】2026年高考英语二轮专题复习高效讲义

高三二轮专题复习高效讲义 英 语 阅读理解 专题一 考法(一)　隐含推断题——逻辑分析推隐含 推理判断题——抽丝剥茧，秒懂言外之意 第二讲 01 02 03 06 07 考法(二)　观点态度题——依据措辞定态度 考法(三)　写作意图题——立足行文推意图 随堂演练 题型强化练 04 05 考法(四)　写作手法题——行文标志定手法 考法(五)　文章出处/类别题——依据内容巧推断 考法(一)　直接信息题——关键词定位法 真题示例 2025·全国一卷阅读B选段 √ 考法(二)　观点态度题——依据措辞定态度 真题示例 2025·全国一卷阅读B选段 √ 考法(三)　写作意图题——立足行文推意图 真题示例 2023·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读B选段 √ 考法(四)　写作手法题——行文标志定手法 真题示例 2021·八省/市联考阅读C选段 √ 考法(五)　文章出处/类别题——依据内容巧推断 真题示例 2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读A选段 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ ONTENT CONTENT 谢谢观看！ 专家说考情 特点一：推理基础是“整合”，而非“单点” 推理判断题难凭单句定位作答，需综合段落主旨、上下文逻辑乃至跨段落信息形成逻辑链以推断正确答案，考查考生的信息整合与推理能力。 特点二：推理方向是“因果”与“引申”，而非“复述” 推理判断题核心在“推”，需据原文之“因”推合理之“果”，或由描述引申潜在含义、态度，选项非直接转述而是逻辑推理下一步。 特点三：推理尺度是“合理”，而非“过度” 推理判断题讲究分寸，正确选项是与原文关联最紧、逻辑最直接的推论，干扰项则多为过度推导或主观脑补内容。 名师说对策 第一步：精准定位，寻找“推理起点” 推理需以原文为锚，先凭题干关键词定位最相关语句作为推理起点，起点错则全错。 第二步：分析逻辑，确定“推理方向” 找到推理起点后，需细析该句及上下文逻辑，关注是否存在因果、转折或对比关系，以及作者或文中人物使用的感情色彩、评价性词语，这些逻辑连接词与评价性词语正是指引正确推理方向的“路标”。 第三步：比对选项，把握“推理尺度” 比对选项与推理结论时，需依忠于原文、最直接及避免极端三原则筛选，这是最关键的一步。 【技法图解】 　　As a new unit started，I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments，a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop，I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis.The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories，10 to 20 pages each，with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. 【解题应用】 　　Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization.The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem，particularly in the poorer，rural areas east of the Volga River，including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. 【技法图解】 1.解题步骤 2.常见选项 【解题应用】 The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation.For 10 months every year，the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks，before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给).Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits. 第一步：辨识主体 由题干可知，观点态度的主体是文中人物Ducke。 第二步：定位原文 由题干关键词Ducke可以定位到本文最后一段。 第三步：判定态度 根据最后一段的“I was very impressed”和“They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.”可知，Ducke对Saint Lukas列车服务的态度是赞赏的。 Doctors see up to 150 patients every day.The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups.“I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned，” says Ducke.“They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.” 　　After studying agriculture，medicine，and fisheries in college，John went back to observing nature and asking questions.Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)？ Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals？ With the right combination of animals and plants，he figured，maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine. 【解题应用】 　　由原文关键信息“He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine”可知，John决定建造一个他后来称之为生态机器的东西； 由原文关键信息“He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou，a city in southeast China”可知，John设计了一台生态机器来改善福州的运河水质。 由此可知，作者提到福州的目的是展示John的想法的实际应用。 　　高考阅读中不同文体有不同的写作手法： 记叙文 多采取以时间、空间、故事情节发展为序等叙事方式进行写作 说明文 往往采取下定义、举例子、列数字、作比较等方式使说明更清晰或更具说服力 议论文 大多通过举例子、列数字、引名言、作比较等方式使观点更可信、更有权威性 　　Two basic magic tricks are making objects seem to appear and making objects seem to disappear.A combination of these two tricks makes for some interesting effects.For example，the magician puts a small ball under one of several cups.The ball then seems to jump from one cup to another or to change colour... Another favourite trick is to cut or burn something，and then make it appear whole again.What actually happens is that the magician makes the cut or burned object disappear by quickly hiding it while the audience watches something else.Then he“magically”makes it appear whole again by displaying (展示) another object that has not been cut or burned. For example 直接表明了该段落的功能是举例，用“杯中球”魔术来具体说明第一段提出的“消失与出现的组合”这一概念。 Another favourite trick 同样是在列举另一个例子，用“切分复原”魔术来进一步阐释魔术的原理。 综合判断： 两个段落都是通过具体列举魔术的例子来说明问题。 　　Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature Grading Scale 90－100，A； 80－89，B； 70－79，C； 60－69，D； Below 60，E. Essays (60％) Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course： Essay 1 ＝10％； Essay 2＝15％； Essay 3＝15％； Essay 4＝20％. Group Assignments (30％) 【解题应用】 内容： 讲的是一门课程(Introduction to Literature)的评分政策、论文和小组作业要求。 格式： 有清晰的大标题、小标题(Grading Scale，Essays等)和百分比分配。 语言： 使用祈使句和将来时，面向学生，具有指导性和规定性。 以上特征都明确指向一份在学期初发给学生的课程计划 (course plan) 或教学大纲。 B (2025·武汉高中毕业生四月调研考试)In health research，determining true causes—like whether drinking wine affects health—is vital for informed decisions.But “correlation does not equal causation (因果关系)” is widely recognized.Then how do researchers move beyond correlations to find answers？ Correlations often exist without implying causation.For instance，chocolate consumption correlates with the number of Nobel Prize winners in some countries.Does eating chocolate boost Nobel wins？ No.This correlation likely exists because chocolate consumption serves as a proxy for wealth.In turn，wealth relates to education and research funding—key factors behind Nobel achievements.So，just finding a link isn’t enough.Scientists need more strong evidence to establish causation. Indirect evidence is crucial for inferring causation，but it is not always conclusive. The gold standard for direct evidence of causation is the randomized controlled trial (RCT)，where participants are randomly assigned to either receive an intervention or to be a “control”.This ensures if you see a difference between the two groups，this can only be due to the effect of the intervention，which effectively proves causation. Unfortunately，ethical (道德的) considerations often prevent us conducting RCTs.For instance，we lack RCT evidence that smoking causes lung cancer because the indirect evidence is so strong that such studies would be unethical. 核心 单词 A篇 Para.1：glorious adj.值得称道的，光荣的，荣耀的　Para.2：durable adj.耐用的；持久的 Para.3：abrupt adj.突然的，意外的　dump v.丢弃、扔掉、倾倒　Para.4：ridiculous adj.愚蠢的，荒谬的，荒唐的　Para.5：endearing adj.令人爱慕的，惹人喜爱的，讨人喜欢的 Para.6：outweigh v.重于，大于，超过 B篇 Para.1：correlation n.相互关系，相关，关联　Para.2：consumption n.(能量、食物或材料的)消耗，消耗量　Para.3：persuasive adj.有说服力的　emerge v.出现，浮现；暴露，露出真相，被知晓　Para.4：conclusive adj.结论性的，不容置疑的，确凿的　intervention n.干涉 核心 短语 A篇 Para.1：be likely to 很可能，有可能　reach a conclusion 得出结论 B篇 Para.1：informed decision 明智的决定　Para.2：serve as 充当，担任　Para.3：inductive reasoning 归纳推理　circumstantial evidence 旁证 词缀 变形 A篇 Para.1：instruct v.指示，命令，吩咐→instruction n.指示，命令，吩咐；[pl.]用法说明→instructive adj.富有教益的；增长知识的　Para.2：incredible adj.不能相信的，难以置信的→incredibly adv.令人难以置信；极端地，极其→incredibility n.不能相信 Record rises in global temperatures in 2023 and 2024 have led to debate about whether global warming is accelerating faster than expected.Hansen and colleagues previously linked this acceleration with reducing air pollution.Now they offer a new analysis suggesting reducing air pollution can explain recent temperature increases. Aerosols in air pollution reflect sunlight away from Earth and affect cloud properties. A 2020 shipping regulation controlling sulphur (硫黄) emission provided critical evidence： in Pacific shipping routes，reduced aerosols allowed 0.5 watts of additional heat per square meter to reach Earth，equal to a decade’s worth of current CO2 emissions. This suggests aerosols previously masked up to half of greenhouse warming.Hansen warns such findings imply climate sensitivity is far higher than estimated，and argues the world is more rapidly approaching climate tipping points. However，many scientists have mixed views.Michael Diamond at Florida State University notes Hansen’s 0.5-watt estimate is “at the extreme edge of plausibility (合理性)”，while NASA’s Gavin Schmidt argues the number is “very likely an overestimate”. A change in aerosols may not even be necessary to explain the temperature rise，says Shiv Priyam Raghuraman at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign—he previously found it could be explained by changes in Pacific Ocean temperatures alone. He says more work is needed to understand the warming effects of aerosols before we put the blame on reducing air pollution.“At least，reducing air pollution remains vital nowadays.” 7.What is Michael Diamond’s attitude towards Hansen’s 0.5-watt estimate？ A.Supportive. B.Indistinct. C.Respectful. D.Doubtful. D　[观点态度题。根据第五段中的“However...notes Hansen’s 0.5-watt estimate is ‘at the extreme edge of plausibility (合理性)’”可知，许多科学家有不同的看法。佛罗里达州立大学的Michael Diamond 指出，Hansen的0.5瓦估计“处于合理性的极端边缘”，也就是不那么合理。所以可以推测Michael Diamond 是持怀疑态度的。故选D。supportive“支持的”；indistinct“模糊不清的，不清楚的”；respectful“表示敬意的，尊敬的”。] Meanwhile，the couple had been continuously dialing 911 but never got an answer. Finally，a call to the director of Annie’s fellowship program led to action.The director’s father，who lived near a fire station，walked there to explain the situation. Around noon，a rescue truck arrived.By then，the water had reached to a formidable level that the vehicle couldn’t get close.The Smiths’ neighbors and firefighters formed a human chain to help Annie Smith to the back of the flatbed truck.“I held onto them one person at a time，” Annie Smith said，moving on her hands and knees along their arms until she reached the ladder safely.She sat on a blanket in the truck，a shower curtain over her head，as they drove through the flood. 核心 单词 A篇 Para.1：ease n.(使)宽慰，减轻，缓解　consultation n.就诊；(向专家请教的)咨询会　fix n.(尤指简单、暂时的)解决方法　Para.3：permanent adj.永久的，永恒的，长久的　Para.4：dedicated adj.专心致志的，一心一意的 B篇 Para.1：underestimate v.低估，对……估计不足　impact n.巨大影响，强大作用　Para.2：essential adj.完全必要的，必不可少的，极其重要的　Para.3：reflect v.反射(声、光、热等)　property n.(常用复数)性质，特性 C篇 Para.2：complex n.(类型相似的)建筑群　Para.4：vehicle n.交通工具，车辆　Para.5：relieved adj.感到宽慰的，放心的，显得开心的　appreciate v.感激，感谢，欢迎 核心 短语 A篇 Para.1：stare at 盯着看　Para.2：be aware of 意识到，知道　Para.4：be bound to 注定会，必然会 B篇 Para.2：cancel out 抵消　Para.6：put the blame on 把……归咎于…… C篇 Para.2：set in(不好的事物)来了　show up 出现，露面　Para.3 ： fellowship program 奖学金项目 词缀 变形 A篇 Para.3：potential adj.潜在的，可能的→potentially adv.可能地，潜在地→potentiality n.潜力，潜在的可能性 B篇 Para.2：sustain v.维持(生命、生存)→sustainable adj.可持续的→sustainability n.持续性，能维持性　Para.3：accelerate v.(使)加速，加快→acceleration n.加速，加快　Para.4： regulate v.(用规则条例)约束，控制，管理→regulation n.章程，规章制度，规则，法规　emit v.发出，射出，散发(光、热、声音、气等)→emission n.(光、热、气等的)发出，射出，排放；排放物，散发物 C篇 Para.5：incredible adj.不能相信的，难以置信的→incredibly adv.极端地，极其；令人难以置信→incredibility n.不可信→credibility n.可信性，可靠性→credible adj.可信的，可靠的 (三)推理判断题专练2(写作手法题＋文章出处题/文章类别题/读者对象题) A (2025·杭州高三年级第二学期教学质检)Part of STEM learning is seeing and doing，and then recording and analyzing the results.But not all online or homeschool programs are set up to accommodate science experiments or other STEM learning activities.Let’s take a look at a few mind-blowing labs that can help bring STEM topics alive for your child’s online school experience. Interactive Simulations (模拟) for Science and Math It is a project of the University of Colorado Boulder and one of the richest single databases of online science interaction and virtual labs.Investigate more than 150 physics，chemistry，math，biology，and Earth science topics.Available in dozens of languages，the interaction is searchable by grade level，subject，and accessibility. Space Exploration Simulations The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) features many STEM learning activities for students in grades K-12.The interactive simulations are also gamified and make learning engaging and fun for your child.The app allows users to explore the universe and unlock stories of trailblazing scientists and their contributions to space exploration and science. 3.What do all the three labs have in common？ A.They centre on problem-solving skills. B.They facilitate advanced scientific research. C.They provide virtual scientific exploration. D.They help students with STEM projects from school. 核心 单词 A篇 Para.1：accommodate v.考虑到，顾及　Para.2：virtual adj.模拟的，虚拟的　Para.3：investigate v.研究，调查　available adj.可获得的，可购得的，可找到的　Para.4：engaging adj.有趣的，令人愉快的，迷人的　trailblazing adj.开拓性的 B篇 Para.1：quote v.引用，引述　Para.3：pursue v.追求，继续进行　sensible adj.明智的，理智的，合理的，切合实际的　Para.4：disgust n.厌恶，憎恶，反感 C篇 Para.1：chew v.(人或动物)咬，啃；咀嚼，嚼碎　Para.2：disturb v.干扰，打扰，使中断　Para.3：domesticate v.驯化，驯养(动物)　reshape v.改造，重新塑造　Para.4：context n.背景，场合，环境，周围情况　delicate adj.精巧的，精致的，精美的　Para.5：escape n.逃避(现实)，暂时解脱；逃离，逃脱　suspense n.(对即将发生的事等的)担心，焦虑，兴奋，悬念 核心 短语 B篇 Para.1：come in 被收到，到达　add up to sth.总共是，总计为　Para.2：more or less 几乎　in detail 详细地　cut out 删除，删去　Para.4：be gifted at...在……方面有天赋 熟词 生义 A篇 feature(Para.2)常用义：n.特点，特征　文章义：v.以……为特色，以……为主要组成 B篇 (1)contribution (Para.1)常用义：n.贡献　文章义：n.(报纸、书、广播、录音等的)稿件，文稿，作品 (2)account (Para.2)常用义：n.账户　文章义：n.描述，叙述，报告 (3)relate (Para.2)常用义：v.联系，使有联系，把……联系起来　文章义：v.叙述，讲述，讲(故事) (4)hurt (Para.4)常用义：v.(使)疼痛，受伤　文章义：n.心灵创伤，委屈 词缀 变形 A篇 Para.2：access n.(使用或见到的)机会，权利→accessible adj.容易理解的，易懂的；可使用的，可见到的→accessibility (Para.3) n.易懂性；(地方)易于进入性，(物品)易于接近性；易使用性 C篇 Para.1：annoy v.使恼怒，使生气→annoying adj.讨厌的，令人气恼的→annoyed adj.烦恼的，生气的→annoyance n.烦恼，气恼　Para.2：mystery n.神秘的事物，不可理解之事，奥秘→mysterious adj.神秘的，奇怪的，不易解释的 $