专题1 题型1 第2讲 推理判断题-【优化探究】2026年高考英语二轮专题复习配套课件

第二讲　推理判断题 推理判断题属于深层次的阅读理解题。解答该类题目时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息之间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”和“言外之意”。在进行推断时，要据文推理、合情推理，不可脱离原文主观臆断。推理判断题常见的设题角度有推断隐含意义、观点态度、写作意图以及文章出处或读者对象等。此外，有时也可能考查人物性格、写作手法或篇章结构等。 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 三、写作意图题——立足行文推意图 随堂演练 二、观点态度题——依据措辞定态度 一、隐含推断题——关键词句细推敲 四、文章出处题/文章类型题/写作对象题——依据细节巧判断 五、事物/人物性质推断题——归纳概括找特征 一、隐含推断题——关键词句细推敲 [答题微点] [图解技巧] ★设题特点：推断隐含信息类题目是高考阅读理解常见题型，难易程度不等。该类题目要求考生根据文章中的信息(某个或某些句子、段落或全文)进行合理适度的逻辑推断，推断出作者没有直接说明的内容、可能会发生的事情或者事物的特征等，理解作者的言外之意或文章的深层含义。 ★设问方式： 1．What can we learn about...? 2．What can be inferred about... from the last paragraph? 3．What can be learned from the text? 4．What can we infer/conclude from the text? 5．What does the author suggest...？   Does your ①soul die a little every time you throw away ②unused food? Mine does. Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable ③reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time. (2025·全国二卷·D) 32．What can be inferred about the author's early life? A.He witnessed food shortage. B.He enjoyed the local cuisine. C.He donated food to Africans. D.He helped to cook at home. 【语境猜词】 ①soul __________ ②unused _________________[un-­＋ use v．使用＋­-d] ③reminder ____________________[remind v．提醒＋­-er]　 [自我解答]　_______ n．内心 adj.未用过的 n．提醒人的事物 A [解析]　推理判断题。根据题干中的“the author's early life”可以定位到文章第一段中的“growing up in South Africa”。根据第一段中的“the phrase‘there are children starving in Africa’ was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time”可知，作者在南非长大，在那里“非洲有孩子在挨饿”这句话与其说是在晚餐时的祷告，不如说是一种提醒，使人想起令人不安的事实。据此可以推断，作者小时候亲眼见证过食物短缺。 Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available ①in print. However, for ②maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are ③called for, educators shouldn't assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·C) 31．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A.Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B.Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C.Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D.Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. 【语境猜词】 ①in print _____________ ②maximize _______________________ ③call for ______ [自我解答]　_______ 印刷出版 vt.使增加到最大限度 需要　 C [解析]　推理判断题。根据题干定位至文章最后一段，再根据该段中的最后一句“However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn't assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.”可知，即使它们包含相同的内容，教育工作者也不应该认为所有媒介(的效果)是一样的。此外，本文主要介绍了纸质阅读在学习效果方面相较于数字阅读的优势，暗示了纸质文本在教育领域中的不可替代性，故选C。 二、观点态度题——依据措辞定态度 [答题微点] [图解技巧] ★设题特点：该题型旨在考查考生对作者或者文中人物的观点或态度的理解能力，要求考生具备较高层次的阅读理解能力，在理解文义的基础上就作者或文中人物对某个人或事物所持的态度、看法进行推理判断。做此类题时，首先要理解文章或段落的内容和中心思想，然后找出体现人物观点、态度的关键词、句或事例。有时文中没有直接表明相关人物的观点态度的词句，需要考生结合文中描述该人物的语气、动作、表情的词句及他人的评价等信息来推断其观点或态度。 ★设问方式： 1．What's the author's/sb.'s attitude towards...? 2．What does the author/sb. think of...? 3．How does the author/sb.feel about...？     “I am not crazy，” says Dr.William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit.“I am ①ahead of my time.” If he seems a little ②defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers ③occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.But Farber is certain he'll ④have the last laugh. He's one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now ⑤practicing“holistic” medicine—combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·B) 24．What do some of Farber's coworkers think of him? A.He's odd.　　　　　　　　　　 B．He's strict. C.He's brave. D．He's rude. 【语境猜词】 ①ahead of one's time ____________ ②defensive _______________ ③occasionally _________________[occasional adj.偶尔的＋-­ly] ④have the last laugh _____________ ⑤practice ________________[熟义：n.& v．练习] [自我解答]　_______ (观念)超前 adj.怀有戒心的 adv.偶尔，有时候 取得最后胜利 v．实行，奉行 A [解析]　观点态度题。根据“some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods”可知，Farber的一些同事偶尔会嘲笑他不寻常的治疗方法；再结合Farber的话“I am not crazy”可知，Farber的一些同事认为他很奇怪。故选A项。B项“他很严格”；C项“他很勇敢”；D项“他很粗鲁”。 The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation.For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the ①regional capital to ②refuel and restock (补给).Then it starts all over again the next month.Most stations wait about a year between visits. Doctors see up to 150 patients every day.The train's equipment ③allows for basic checkups.“I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned，” says Ducke.“They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.” (2024·全国甲卷·C) 31．What is Ducke's attitude toward the Saint Lukas' services? A.Appreciative. B．Doubtful. C.Ambiguous. D．Cautious. 【语境猜词】 ①regional ___________________[region n．地区＋­-al] ② refuel _____________________[re­-＋fuel v．给……提供燃料] ③allow for _______________________________ [自我解答]　_______ adj.地区的，区域的 v．加油，加燃料 考虑到，估计到；把……计算在内 A [解析]　观点态度题。根据文中Ducke 说的话“I was very impressed by...very concerned”和“They were the best chance for... they want.”可知，其中的 impressed、the best chance等充分说明了Ducke对Saint Lukas的服务持赞赏的态度。 三、写作意图题——立足行文推意图 [答题微点] ★设题特点：文章作者一般不会直接表明自己的写作意图，而是通过文章所提供的客观事实使读者感知。这类题目要求考生不仅要能够辨别文章体裁、理解文章大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述的内容进行分析和归纳总结的能力。此类题在高考中的考查数量并不多，一般从两个角度考查：1.就某一段落或某个细节提问；2.就整篇文章提问。 ★设问方式： 1．就细节： What is the author's purpose in mentioning...? Why does the author list/mention...in paragraph...? 2．就段落： What is the function of the first paragraph? 3．就文章： What is the purpose of the text？ [图解技巧]     Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing ①microplastic ②exposure—a task that's becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1，000 times more microplastics than originally thought. (2025·全国一卷·D) 34．What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A.The importance of plastic recycling. B.The severity of the microplastic problem. C.The danger in overusing pure water. D.The difficulty in treating polluted water. 【语境猜词】 ①microplastic ______________[micro adj.微小的，极小的＋plastic n．塑料] ②exposure __________________[expose v．使接触；暴露＋-­ure] 　 [自我解答]　______ n．微塑料 n．接触；暴露 B [解析]　写作意图题。本题问在第四段中作者提及瓶装水的意图。第四段首先指出“减少微塑料暴露越来越难”，接着用瓶装水案例(其微塑料含量比之前预期的高10～1 000倍)佐证问题的严峻性，由此可知，作者提及瓶装水旨在强调微塑料污染问题的严重性。故选B项。 Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any ①indication, he may be right：Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it ②works so well，” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That's my job.” (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·B) 27．Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? A.To prove Farber's ③point. B.To emphasize its importance. C.To praise veterinarians. D.To advocate animal protection. 【语境猜词】 ①indication _____________________[indicate v．指示，表明，象征＋-­ion] ②work ______________[熟义：v.& n．工作] ③point ______________ [自我解答]　______ n．迹象，表明，象征 v．起作用 n．论点，观点　 A [解析]　写作意图题。根据题干中的“American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association”可将答案定位至文中的“Since 1982...grown from 30 to over 700.”，具体解释了上文中的“the past”，所以作者提到该协会是为了证明冒号前的“he may be right”，即为了证明Farber的观点是正确的。故选A。 四、文章出处题/文章类型题/写作对象题——依据细节巧判断 [答题微点] ★设题特点： 1．判断文章出处和类型题在阅读理解中所占比重不大，该题型要求考生有一定的常识，能够根据语篇的体裁和题材来推断文章的出处和类型。考生要特别关注报纸、杂志、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南等类型的语篇特征和文体结构，这样才能依据作者陈述的细节、事实以及措辞、态度和语气，“察言观色”速判文章出处和类型。 2．确定写作对象其实就是解决“写给谁看”的问题。该类题型偶有考查，要求考生能够根据语篇的细节内容和措辞来推断写作对象。考生可以根据文中出现的指示代词、叙述语气以及细节关键词等对读者身份进行推断。 ★设问方式： 1．Where can the text be found? 2．Where is this text most likely taken from? 3．Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from? 4．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear? 5．Who are the intended readers of the text？ [图解技巧]   [图解技巧]   Reading Art：Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, ①represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.The image of the reader appears throughout history，in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists' representations of books and reading，we see moments of shared ②humanity that go beyond culture and time. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·C) In this “book of books，” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school，with the book as a focus for relations between the generations.Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a ③volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure... 28．Where is the text most probably taken from? A.An introduction to a book.　　　　 B.An essay on the art of writing. C.A guidebook to a museum. D.A review of modern paintings. 【语境猜词】 ①represent _______________[熟义：v.代表，象征] ②humanity ___________[human adj.人的＋-­ity] ③volume _________[熟义：n.(成套书籍中的)一卷，一册]　 [自我解答]　______ v．展示，描绘 n．人性 n．书 A [解析]　文章出处题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段第一句“Reading Art：Art for Book Lovers is a celebration... three hundred artworks from museums around the world.”和第二段第一句“In this ‘book of books，’ artworks are selected and arranged...”可知，本文是在介绍一本关于书本的书，所以本文最有可能摘自书的序言。 五、事物/人物性质推断题 ——归纳概括找特征 [答题微点] [图解技巧] ★设题特点：此类题要求考生在充分理解文章内容的基础上，对事物或人物的特征进行归纳和概括。这是一种较为高级的思维活动，需要考生充分利用表达感情色彩、态度观点的词汇以及与人、物特征有关联的行为描写和心理描写来归纳和概括特征。命题的切入点一般是体现人的品德、性格、成就、贡献等内容，以及事物的外表特征、品质、功能、作用和地位等内容。 ★设问方式： 1．Which of the following best describes...? 2．According to the author, which words can best describe the project? 3．What kind of person is...？   Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-­income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. … (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·B) She adds that the program's benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside，” she says, “and they feel successful.” 26．Which of the following best describes the impact of the program? A.①Far-­reaching.　　　　　　　　　 B．②Predictable. C.③Short­-lived. D．④Unidentifiable. 【语境猜词】 ①far­-reaching ___________________[far adv.远地＋reach v．到达，达到＋­-ing] ②predictable ________________[predict v．预测＋-­able] ③short-­lived ______________[short adj.短暂的＋live v．生活＋-­(e)d] ④unidentifiable _______________[un­-＋identify v．辨别＋-­able] [自我解答]　______ adj.影响深远的 adj.可预见的 adj.短暂的 adj.难以确认的 A [解析]　事物性质推断题。根据最后一段中的“the program's benefits go beyond nutrition”和“have a calming effect on...whom have emotional control issues”可知，这个项目给学生提供了有营养的食物，而且许多学生回家开辟了自己的菜园，在菜园里工作对有情绪控制问题的学生也起到了镇静作用。由此推知，该项目的影响是深远的。 [提分干货]　描写特征类形容词小结 做推断事物、人物特征的题目时，考生除了要抓住文中关键信息，还要掌握一些描写类形容词，尤其是一些较生僻的形容词，避免因不认识单词而误选。考生需记忆的相关形容词有： 人物特征： aggressive有进取心的　　 ambitious有抱负的 sympathetic有同情心的 open-­minded思想开明的 adventurous有冒险精神的 courageous/fearless勇敢的 事物特征： profitable有益的 ineffective无效果的 inconsistent不一致的 creative创造性的 shallow肤浅的 authoritative权威性的 demanding费力的 misleading误导的 随堂演练 A An unknown waltz by Chopin has been found from a set of collection in the basement of The Morgan Library & Museum in New York. On a late spring day at the Morgan, the manager and composer Robinson McClellan came across an unusual musical manuscript (手稿). The piece was moody, and the name “Chopin” was boldly written across the top. McClellan quickly took a photo so he could later play the piece on his piano at home. He also shared the photo with Jeffrey Kallberg, a respected Chopin scholar. “My jaw dropped，” Kallberg told him. “Never had I seen this before.” Newly discovered works are rare in classical music, especially for Chopin, who had fewer works than other composers. In September, the experts at the Morgan confirmed the musical manuscript by analyzing the paper, ink and musical style. The manuscript was surprisingly small, about the size of an index card, yet Chopin's famously tiny but neat handwriting allowed him to pack a lot into this little piece. The Morgan's experts invited Javier C. Hernandez, a classical music reporter and a loyal admirer of Chopin's music, to view the piece. Then Javier immersed himself in Chopin's world. Chopin's waltzes, nocturnes(夜曲), ballads and mazurkas (玛祖卡舞曲) together construct a fantastic world filled with memories, desires, suffering and happiness. He studied Chopin's scores, letters, and sketches, and listened to recordings of his waltzes, searching for clues about this unusual piece. He even tracked down the previous owners. Knowing people would be eager for the piece, Javier reached out to his friend, a superstar pianist, and messaged him the music score. The pianist was immediately attracted by the piece, saying, “It sounds very much like Chopin, with a very dramatic darkness turning into a positive thing. It's beautiful.” The pianist has recorded the piece at Steinway Hall in Manhattan. He said, “To have a new work by this level of great artist, we're just so lucky. Just enjoy it.” [语篇解读]　本文是一则新闻报道。文章主要介绍了在纽约摩根图书馆与博物馆地下室的一套藏品中发现了肖邦的一首不为人知的华尔兹舞曲手稿。 文章强调了这一发现在古典音乐界的重要性， 尤其是对肖邦这样作品数量较少的作曲家来说， 新作品的发现尤为珍贵。 1．How did Kallberg feel about the discovery of the manuscript? A.It's unexpected.　　　　　 B.It's bittersweet. C.It's doubtful. D.It's revolutionary. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据题干中的 Kallberg 可将解题信息定位至第二段。根据“‘My jaw dropped，’ Kallberg told him.‘Never had I seen this before.’”可知， Kallberg 看到新发现的手稿时惊呆了， 他以前从未见过这个。 2．What do we know about Chopin from the text? A.He was more productive than composers of his time. B.He was the most famous classical musician. C.His handwriting was small and messy. D.His works are rich in emotions. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句 “Newly discovered works are rare in classical music, especially for Chopin, who had fewer works than other composers.”可知， 新发现的作品在古典音乐中很少见，尤其是肖邦，他的作品比其他作曲家少， A 项错误； 根据文章可知，肖邦是一位著名的古典音乐家， B 项 “他是最著名的古典音乐家”表述绝对， B 项错误； 根据第三段中的 “Chopin's famously tiny but neat handwriting allowed him to pack a lot into this little piece”可知， 肖邦的字非常细小， 但很工整， 使他能够在这小小的篇幅中融入诸多内容， C 项错误； 根据第四段中的 “Chopin's waltzes...a fantastic world filled with memories, desires, suffering and happiness.” 可知， 肖邦的华尔兹、夜曲、民谣和玛祖卡舞曲共同构成了一个充满回忆、渴望、痛苦和幸福的奇妙世界， D项正确。 3．How was the manuscript confirmed? A.By researching Chopin's scores, letters and sketches. B.By checking its paper, ink and musical style. C.By comparing its signature with Chopin's. D.By analyzing its moody melody. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “In September, the experts at the Morgan confirmed the musical manuscript by analyzing the paper, ink and musical style.”可知， 摩根图书馆与博物馆的专家们通过分析手稿的纸张、墨水以及音乐风格，确认了这份音乐手稿的真实性。 4．What is Javier's friend's attitude to the newly found music? A.Tolerant. B.Indifferent. C.Appreciative. D.Conservative. 答案：C 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段中的 “The pianist was immediately attracted by the piece, saying，‘It sounds very much like Chopin, with a very dramatic darkness turning into a positive thing. It's beautiful.’”可知， Javier 的朋友被这首曲子吸引了。他认为这首曲子听起来非常像肖邦的风格，曲子很优美。由此可知， Javier 的朋友对新发现的音乐的态度是欣赏的。 语料积累 必备 单词 Para.1：collection n．收藏品，收集物 Para.2：moody adj.表现出……情调的，令人悲伤的，感伤的　respected adj.受尊敬的，受敬重的 Para.4：loyal adj.忠诚的，忠实的　fantastic adj.极好的　suffering n．(肉体或精神上的) 痛苦，苦难，折磨　sketch n．简报，速写，概述　clue n．线索，提示 熟词 生义 Para.4：score常用义：n.(游戏或比赛中的) 得分，比分；(考试中的) 分数，成绩v.(在游戏或比赛中) 得分　文章义：n.总谱 Para.5：message常用义：n.消息，音信，信息　文章义：v.(给……)传送(电子信息) 必备 短语 Para.2：sb.'s jaw dropped 某人张口结舌(形容惊讶或震惊) Para.4：immerse oneself in sth. 潜心于某事，专注于某事　track down搜寻到，跟踪找到，追查到 B (2025·东北三省四市教研联合体模拟) A new global review of data from the Spanish study found that increasing the number of daily steps，even if at modest levels，was associated with a reduction in depressive symptoms (症状).Researchers led by Jimenez-­Lopez，of the University of Castile­-La Mancha, noted there's already solid evidence that exercise of any kind is a natural antidepressant. But what about something as easy as walking？To find out，they looked at data from high-­quality studies on daily step counts and their links to mental health. The new review covered 33 studies with a total of more than 96，000 adults worldwide，including those who used fitness-­tracker devices to calculate their daily steps. Compared to a baseline of 5，000 steps taken per day，folks who took even 1，000 more steps daily saw a 9% drop in their chances of developing depression，the researchers found. Those benefits quickly mounted up. Compared to folks walking 5，000 steps per day or less, those who walked 7，000 steps per day had 31% lower chances of depression. “In addition, counts above 7，500 steps per day were associated with 43% lower frequency of depression，”Jimenez-Lopez and colleagues wrote，and those trends held true for “all age groups，females and males”．There did seem to be a leveling out of mental health benefits at about 10，000 steps per day, the data showed. As has been observed in studies on mental health, up to a level of about 10，000 steps per day causes the chances of depression to decline. However，the researchers revealed that increasing the number of steps beyond this point may not lead to a significant reduction in depressive symptoms. Furthermore，the new findings add walking to many other forms of physical activity—weight training，yoga and even Tai Chi—as ways to help prevent depression. “Setting goals for the number of daily steps can be a rewarding and inclusive public health strategy for the prevention of depression，”the study suggested. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。一项新的全球研究发现，增加每日步数与减少抑郁症状有关， 即使步数增加不多也有效果， 且在大约10 000步时心理健康益处趋于平稳，同时指出步行是预防抑郁的一种方式。 5．What can be inferred about the Spanish study from paragraph 1? A.It contradicts former study results. B.It looks into effects of any exercise. C.It focuses on depression treatment. D.It confirms the benefits of walking. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“A new global review of data from the Spanish study found...a reduction in depressive symptoms.”可知，西班牙研究的数据显示增加每日步数，即便增幅不大，也与抑郁症状的减轻相关，即证实了步行的益处。D项的“the benefits of walking”与文中的 “increasing the number of daily steps...a reduction in depressive symptoms”意思一致。 6．What drives changes in frequency of depression in Jimenez-­Lopez's research? A.Step counts. B.The age range. C.The exercise type. D.Gender difference. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。题目问“在 Jimenez­-Lopez 的研究中，是什么驱动了抑郁症发生率的变化？”。根据第二段中的“Compared to a baseline of 5，000 steps taken per day, folks who took even 1，000 more steps daily saw a 9% drop...Those benefits quickly mounted up.”以及后续对关于不同步数与抑郁症发生率的关系的阐述可知， 在该研究中，步数的变化驱动了抑郁症发生率的变化。 7．What can be concluded about walking over 10，000 steps per day? A.Risks of other diseases drop sharply. B.Physical health improves dramatically. C.The stress level declines less obviously. D.Depressive symptoms totally disappear. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的 “However, the researchers revealed that increasing the number of steps beyond this point may not lead to a significant reduction in depressive symptoms.”可知，当每天步行超过10 000步时，抑郁症状的减轻效果不再显著，由于抑郁与压力密切相关，压力水平下降也不太明显。C项的 “less obviously”与文中的“not lead to a significant reduction”为同义转换。 8．What is the best title for the text? A.Exercise Types：Comparing Benefits B.Step Counts：A Natural Mood Controller C.Fitness Trackers：Promoting Daily Activity D.Public Health：Strategies Against Depression 答案：B 解析：标题归纳题。文章主要围绕步行步数与抑郁症状之间的关系展开，表明步行能够调节情绪，对预防抑郁症有积极作用，所以B项“步数：天然情绪调节器”最能准确概括文章主旨，是文章的最佳标题。 语料积累 必备 单词 Para.1：modest adj.些许的，不太大(或太贵、太重要等)的；谦虚的　depressive adj.抑郁的　solid adj.可靠的；固体的，坚硬的 Para.2：baseline n．基线　frequency n．出现率，发生率 Para.4：rewarding adj.值得做的，有益的　inclusive adj.包容广阔的，范围广泛的　prevention n．预防，防止，防范 必备 短语 Para.1：be associated with与……有关 Para.2：mount up(尺寸和数量上)增加；上升 hold true适用， 有效 感谢您的观看 $