Units5-8寒假预习 2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册

Units5-8 语法寒假预习2025-2026学年译林英语八年级下册 Unit 5 Good Manners 语法 too ... to的用法 用“to be + too + adjective +to do”的结构来表达一个否定的结果。 如: He is too tired to go on working.他太累了，不能继续工作。 British people are too polite to laugh loudly in public.英国人太有礼貌了，不会在公众场合大声笑。 我们可以在不定式前加介词for引出逻辑主语。如: The box is very heavy. The little boy cannot carry it.盒子太重了，这个小男孩搬不动。 = The box is too heavy for the little boy to carry. The apple is very high. The child cannot reach it.苹果放得太高了，这个孩子够不着。 = The apple is too high for the child to reach. 通常我们可以根据too... to结构中的不定式是否为及物动词来确定它是否带宾语。 如:He is too tired to go any further.他太累了，不能再往前走了。(动训go是不及物动词，其后不直接加宾语) She is too poor to buy such an expensive blouse.她太穷了，买不起这么贵的衬衫。(动词buy是及物动词，其后接宾语such an expensive blouse ) “to be + too + adjective +to do”结构相当于“to be + not + adjective + enough + to do”，通常在第二种句型中使用的形容词是第一种结构中使用的形容词的反义词。 如: The little girl is too young to go to school.这个小女孩年纪太小，还不能上学。 = The little girl is not old enough to go to school. enough ...to的用法 用“to be + adjective + enough + to do”的结构来描述一个人的品质和能力。如: He is tall enough to reach the basket.他个头高，可以够到篮筐。 The girl is not brave enough to go near the dog.这个女孩胆子不够大，不敢靠近那只狗。 enough可以作状语、定语和表语。 The house is not big enough for us.这房子对我们来说不够大。 Have you got enough money?你的钱够吗? Six bottles should be enough.六瓶应该够了。 Unit 6 Sunshine for all 语法 ★句型一：It is + adjective + to do something. We use “It is+adj.+to-infinitive” to express what we think about something.含义：“做某事是……的”。 如： It’s important to plant more trees. It’s necessary to keep parks clean. 注意：该句型中的形容词表示不定式所具备的特征或客观情况。常用的形容词有：cheap, convenient, dangerous, difficult, easy, exciting, expensive, important, interesting, necessary, normal, possible, useful, wonderful等等。 ★句型二：It is + adjective + for sb. + to do sth. We use “It is+adj.+for…+to-infinitive” to specify who we are talking about.含义：“对某人来说做某事是……的” It’s important for people to learn good manners. It’s dangerous for children to play on the street. 注意：该句型中的形容词也是表示不定式所具备的特征或客观情况，和句型一相同。 ★句型三：It is + adjective + of sb. + to do sth. We use “It is+adj.+of…+to-infinitive” to express what we think of someone’s actions.含义：“某人做某事真是/太……了”。如： It is very nice of you to offer me a seat. It is careless of him to lose so many things. 注意：该句型中的形容词描述的是人的特征、品质。常用的形容词有：brave, careless, clever, foolish, generous, good, helpful, honest, kind, nice, polite, silly, stupid, wrong等等。 Unit 7 Charities 语法 （一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态） 英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。 1、 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 例如：Many people speak English. 2、被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。 例如：English is spoken by many people. 3、主动句和被动句的对比： 例如：He opened the door. 他开了门。(主动句)        The door was opened. 门被开了。(被动句) 4、被动语态的构成    被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。 一般过去时的被动语态句子结构 肯定句 主语+was/were+过去分词 Jim was told to come early.吉姆被告知早来。 否定句 主语+was/were+not+过去分词 The rice was eaten by the boy this noon.米饭中午被这个男孩吃了。 一般疑问句 was/were+主语+过去分词 Were you asked to go home on time?你被要求按时回家了吗？ 一般现在时的被动语态的句型结构 (1)肯定句:主语 + am/is/are + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他 The desk is made by him,这张桌子是他做的。 (2)否定句:主语 + am/is/are + not + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他, The desk isn't made by him.这张桌子不是他做的。 (3)一般疑问句:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他? Is the desk made by him? 这张桌子是他做的吗? (4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他? Where is the desk made by him? 这张桌子是他在哪儿做的? Unit 8 A green world 语法 （一般将来时的被动语态） 一般将来时的被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者，且动作发生在将来某一时刻或阶段。 1. 一般将来时的被动语态的四种句式 肯定式 will/shall 主语+ be going to +be done be to 否定式 will/shall not 主语+ be not going to +be done be not to 一般疑问式 Will/Shall+主语 Be+主语+going to +be done? Be+主语+to 特殊疑问式 will/shall+主语 特殊疑问词+ be+主语+going to +be done? be+主语+to The building will be built next month. 这栋楼下个月将开工。(肯定式) He will not be punished by his mother even if he breaks the cup. 即使当他打碎杯子时，他也不会被他妈妈惩罚。(否定式) Will the new plan be discussed at the meeting this afternoon? 在今天下午的会议上会讨论这项新计划吗？(一般疑问式) When will the new plan be discussed? 这项新计划将何时讨论？(特殊疑问式) 配套单元语法练习 Unit 5 Good Manners（too...to / enough...to） 一、用 too...to 或 enough...to 完成句子。 1. The box is _______ heavy _______ the boy _______ carry. 2. She is _______ old _______ go to school. (改为同义句，用 too...to) 3. He is _______ strong _______ lift the heavy stone. 4. The coffee is _______ hot _______ drink. 5. He is not _______ careful _______ do the job well. 二、翻译句子。 6. 这个问题太难了，我回答不了。 7. 她足够聪明，能解出这道题。 Unit 6 Sunshine for all（It is + adj. + to do / for sb. / of sb.） 一、用 for 或 of 填空。 1. It is very kind _______ you to help me. 2. It is important _______ us to learn English well. 3. It is careless _______ him to make so many mistakes. 4. It is necessary _______ everyone to keep the environment clean. 5. It is brave _______ the fireman to save the child. 二、完成句子。 6. 对我们来说，保护环境很重要。 7. 你真是太好了，给我让座。 Unit 7 Charities（被动语态：一般现在时 & 一般过去时） 一、将下列句子改为被动语态。 1. People speak English all over the world. 2. The boy broke the window yesterday. 3. They don’t grow rice in this area. 4. Did you finish the work last night? 5. The students clean the classroom every day. 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。 6. The letter _______ (write) by him last night. 7. English _______ (speak) in many countries. 8. These books _______ (not take) care of by the children. Unit 8 A green world（一般将来时的被动语态） 一、将下列句子改为被动语态。 1. They will build a new hospital next year. 2. We are going to hold a meeting tomorrow. 3. Will they finish the project next month? 4. The government is to plant more trees in the city. 5. They won’t discuss the problem again. 二、完成句子。 6. 下个月将举行一场音乐会。 7. 这些树将在春天被种植。 8. 这个问题将在下次会议上讨论吗？ 参考答案 Unit 5 1. too, for, to 2. She is too young to go to school. 3. enough, to 4. too, to 5. enough, to 6. This question is too difficult for me to answer. 7. She is clever enough to solve this problem. Unit 6 1. of 2. for 3. of 4. for 5. of 6. It is important for us to protect the environment. 7. It is very kind of you to offer me a seat. Unit 7 1. English is spoken all over the world. 2. The window was broken by the boy yesterday. 3. Rice is not grown in this area. 4. Was the work finished by you last night? 5. The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 6. was written 7. is spoken 8. are not taken Unit 8 1. A new hospital will be built next year. 2. A meeting is going to be held tomorrow. 3. Will the project be finished next month? 4. More trees are to be planted in the city. 5. The problem won’t be discussed again. 6. A concert will be held next month. 7. These trees will be planted in spring. 8. Will this problem be discussed at the next meeting? 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $