Unit 5 Natural Disasters-Reading Actively-2025-2026学年高中英语易错词汇精讲必修第二册（重庆大学版）

高中必修第二册重庆大学版 寒假专版 B版易错词汇精讲 【寒假专版】 高中·重庆大学版·必修第二册Unit5 Natural Disasters 单元词汇总览 disaster/d'za:sta()/n.灾难；灾rescue/'reskju:/v.h.营救；救援；害怕的 害；不幸 解救 frightening/'frartnu)/adj.令人恐 natural /'natfra/adj.自然的；天relief /rI'lifn.宽慰；轻松；解惧的：吓人的 然的：天生的 脱：救济 panic/'penk/V.惊慌：恐慌n.惊 disastrous/d'za:str3sadj.灾难flood /flAd/n.洪水；水灾V.淹慌：恐慌 性的；极糟糕的 没：泛滥 war/w/v.警告；告诫：提醒 destroy/dr'stro/V.摧毁；毁灭；hurricane/'hrkn/n.飓风；风warning/'wn/n.警告；告诫： 破坏 暴 警示 destruction/d'strAk/i/n.摧毁；earthquake/'3:kwek/n.地震prepare /pri'pea()/V.准备：预 毁灭；破坏 tornado/to:'nIda/n.龙卷风：旋备：使有准备 damage/'daemid3/v.n.损害：损风 preparation /.preps'rern/n. 坏：损失 tsunami/tst:'nami/n.海啸 备：预备：准备工作 ruin/'u:n/v.毁灭；使破产；糟volcano /vDl''kem/n.火山 emergency/'m3:d9nsi/n.紧急 蹋n.毁灭；废墟：破产 erupt /r'rApt/v.爆发；喷发；突情况：突发事件adj,紧急的：应 survive/S3'vaIv/v.幸存；生存；然发生 急的 活下来 eruption'rpn/n.爆发；喷发；first aid急救 survivor/sa'vaIva(r)/n.幸存者；突然发生 calm /ka:m/adj.平静的：冷静的 生还者 frighten/'frartn/v.使惊吓：使惊v.使平静：使镇静 survival./sa'varvl/n.生存；存活；恐吓唬 calm down平静下来；镇定下来 幸存 frightened/'frartnd/.adj.受惊的： 易错词汇精讲 1.disaster/d'za:star)/n.灾难；灾害；不幸 ·易错点：易与disease(疾病)混淆拼写：注意disaster为可数名词，复数形式直接加-s。 ·精讲：强调“造成严重破坏的突发事件”，如natural disaster(自然灾害)：固定搭配cause a disaster(引发灾难)。 ·例句：The earthquake was one of the worst natural disasters in history. ·真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修二同步练习）：Abg happened in the area last year, leaving many people homeless.(答案：disaster) 2.destroy/d'stro/v.摧毁；毁灭；破坏 高中必修第二册重庆大学版 寒假专版 ·易错点：易与damage(部分损坏)混淆词义：destroy强调“彻底毁坏，无法修复”，无被动语 态用法错误（实际可用于被动），但需注意与damage的程度区别。 ·精讲：destroy sth.completely(彻底摧毁某物)：主语多为自然力或人为暴力，如The fire destroyed the building. ·例句：The flood destroyed hundreds of houses in the village. ·真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修二同步练习）：The old temple (摧毁)by the storm last night.(答案：was destroyed) 3.survive/sa'vaIv/V.幸存：生存；活下来 ·易错点：易忽略“及物动词+宾语”用法，误用作不及物动词后直接接时间（需加fo):易混 淆survive(v.)与survival(n.)。 ·精讲：survive sth.(经历某事幸存)：survive for+时间段（存活多久）：survivor(n.幸存者)。 ·例句：Only a few people survived the plane crash, ·真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修二同步练习)：He managed to (幸存)in the desert for seven days without water.(答案：survive). 4.rescue/'reskju:/v.h.营救；救援；解救 ·易错点：作动词时易误加介词，如“rescue sb.from sth.”结构中漏写from;作名词时常用搭配 “come to one's rescue”(前来营救某人)。 ·精讲：rescue sb.from danger(救某人脱离危险)：a rescue team(救援队)。 ·例句：The firefighters rescued three children from the burning house. ·真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修二同步练习)：The soldiers carried out a successful (救援)mission in the mountain.(答案：rescue) 5.flood /flAd/n.洪水；水灾V.淹没；泛滥 ·易错点：作动词时易误用作不及物动词，忽略“flood+地点”直接接宾语：注意flood作名词时 可不可数（表“洪水”时可数，表“大量”时不可数）。 ·精讲：flood the streets(淹没街道)；a flood of tears(泪如泉涌)。 ·例句：Heavy rain caused the river to flood the nearby fields ·真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修二同步练习)：After the (洪水)，the government provided food and shelter for the victims.(答案：flood) 6.frightened/frartnd/adj.受惊的：害怕的 frightening/'fraitnr四yadj.令人恐惧的：吓人的 ·易错点：易混淆-ed形容词（人感到…)与-ing形容词（事物令人…），如误写“I was frighten ing.”(应为frightened)。 高中必修第二册重庆大学版 寒假专版 ·精讲：frightened主语是人，be frightened of sth.(害怕某物)；frightening主语是事物，如a frightening experience(可怕的经历)。 ·例句：(l)She was frightened by the loud thunder..(2)The horror movie is really frightening. 真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修二同步练习）：The (受惊的)child hid behind his mother during the storm.(答案：frightened) 7.paic/'paenik/v.惊慌：恐慌n.惊慌：恐慌 ·易错点：动词过去式/过去分词易误写为“paniced”(正确为panicked):作名词时常用搭配“in panic”(惊慌地)，不加冠词。 ·精讲：panic about sth.(因某事恐慌)；cause panic(引发恐慌)。 ·例句：The crowd panicked when they heard the explosion. ·真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修二同步练习）：There is no need to (恐慌；the situation is under control.(答案：panic). 8.prepare /pri'pear)/V.准备；预备；使有准备 ·易错点：易漏写介词for,如“prepare the exam”(应为prepare for the exam);混淆“prepare sth.”(准备某物)与“prepare for sth.”(为某事做准备)。 ·精讲：prepare breakfast(准备早餐)：prepare for the coming exam(为即将到来的考试做准备)： preparation(n.准备)。 ·例句：We need to prepare for the meeting this afternoon. ·真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修二同步练习）：Students are busy (准备)for the final exams these days.(答案：preparing). 9.emergency'm3d9nsin.紧急情况：突发事件adj.紧急的：应急的 ·易错点：易误写为“emergence”(出现)：作名词时为可数名词，复数形式emergencies;作形容 词时仅用于名词前，如emergency exit(紧急出口)。 ·精讲：in an emergency(在紧急情况下)：emergency services(应急服务)。 ·例句：Call120 in case of emergency. ·真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修二同步练习）：You should keep a first-.aid kit at home for (紧急情况).（答案：emergency) 10.calm /ka:m/adj.平静的：冷静的v.使平静：使镇静 ·易错点：作动词时易误加副词dowm后接宾语位置错误，如“calm down him”(应为calm him dowm):易混淆cam(adj.)与calmly(adv.)。 ·精讲：stay calm(保持冷静)：calm sb.dowm(使某人平静下来). ·例句：The teacher tried to calm the students down after the fire alarm. 高中必修第二册重庆大学版 寒假专版 ·真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修二同步练习）：It's important to keep (冷静的) when facing difficulties.(答案：calm） 11.warn /w3n/v.警告：告诫：提醒 ·易错点：易漏写介词of/about,如“warn sb.danger”(应为warn sb.of danger):固定搭配“warn sb.not to do sth.”(警告某人不要做某事)。 ·精讲：warn sb.about sth.(提醒某人注意某事)：warn of a storm(预告有暴风雨)。 ·例句：The sign warns people not to swim in the river. ·真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修二同步练习）：The police (警告)us not to walk alone at night in this area.(答案：warned) 12.damage/'dend3/v.n.损害；损坏；损失 ·易错点：作名词时易误用作可数名词（实际为不可数，表“损失”时可加s但指“赔偿费”）：作 动词时强调“部分损坏，可修复”，与destroy区分。 ·精讲：do damage to sth.(对某物造成损害)；damage the car(损坏汽车)。 ·例句：The storm did a lot of damage to the crops. ·真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修二同步练习）：The heavy rain caused serious (损 坏)to the roof of the house.(答案：damage) 13.erupt /I'rpt/V.爆发；喷发；突然发生 ·易错点：易混淆eupt(v.)与eruption(n.):主语多为火山、冲突等，如“The volcano erupted.”(火 山喷发)。 ·精讲：erupt into anger(突然发怒)：a volcano erupting(喷发的火山)。 ·例句：The volcano has erupted several times this year ·真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修二同步练习)：Scientists are monitoring the volcano to predict when it will (爆发).（答案：erupt) 14.ruin/'u:m/V.毁灭；使破产；糟蹋n.毁灭；废墟；破产 ·易错点：作动词时易与destroy混淆，ruin强调“逐渐毁坏或使无用”，如uin one's health(毁 掉健康)；作名词时常用复数“uins”(废墟)。 ·精讲：uin sth.for sb.(使某人失去某物的价值)：in ruins(成为废墟)。 ·例句：The accident ruined his chance of winning the competition, ·真题链接：（重庆大学版高中必修二同步练习)：The ancient city lies in (废墟)after the war.(答案：ruins) 易错词汇综合训练 高中必修第二册重庆大学版 寒假专版 1.一、单项选择 1.The sudden earthquake was one of the worst natural in the country's history. ●A.disasters ●B.diseases ●C.damages ·D.uins 2.The storm completely the old bridge,and it can never be used again. ●A.damaged ●B.destroyed ●C.uined ●D.harmed 3.After the flood,only a few families in the village. ·A.survived ●B.rescued ·C.prepared ·D.panicked 4.The firefighters managed to three children from the burning building. ●A.save ●B.rescue 。C.help ●D.protect 5.When the fire alarm rang,the students didn't but followed the teacher's instructions calmly. ●A.panic 高中必修第二册重庆大学版 寒假专版 ·B.fear ·C.woy 。D.shout 6.You must for the coming exam instead of playing computer games all day. ·A.prepare ·B.plan ·C.study ●D.lean 7.In case of call the police immediately. ●A.emergency ●B.emergence ●C.accident 。D.event 8.The child was too scared to speak when he saw the big dog. ·A.frightening ·B.excited 。C.frightened ●D.interesting 2.二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.Aterrible (happened in the area,killing hundreds of people. 2.The heavy rain caused the river to (淹没)the nearby streets. 3.The doctor tried his best to (营救)the dying patient,. 4.We need to stay (冷静的)when facing difficulties. 5.The sign (警告)people not to swim in the deep river.. 6.The old castle now lies in (废墟)after years of neglect. 高中必修第二册重庆大学版 寒假专版 3.三、首字母填空 1.Don'tp when you meet danger;take a deep breath and think of solutions 2.The rescue team arrived at the disaster area to help the s of the earthquake. 3.It's important to p an emergency kit before traveling to remote areas. 4.The flood caused great d to the local farms and houses. 5.The villagers were f by the loud thunderstorm last night. 4.四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The earthquake (destroy)many houses,leaving thousands homeless. 2.He managed (survive)in the desert for ten days with limited water. 3.The (frighten)news spread quickly and caused panic in the city. 4.The students are busy (prepare)for the final exams these days. 5.The government provided emergency (serve)to the victims of the flood. 5.参考答案 ·一、单项选择 1.A2.B3.A4.B5.A6.A7.A8.C ·二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.disaster 2.flood 3.rescue 4.calm 5.warns 6.ruins ·三、首字母填空 1.panic 2.survivors 3.prepare 4.damage 5.frightened ·四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.destroyed 2.to survive 3.frightening 4.preparing 5.services