Unit 5 Natural Disasters-Reading Acively-2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册期末词汇复习（重大版）

期末词汇复习 必修第二册·重庆大学版·Unit5 NaturalDisasters-ReadingAcive y 一、 重点单词详解 1:disastrous 、核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.灾难性的；极糟糕的 二、构词法（词性转换） 词根：disaster（n.灾难) 形容词：disastrous（由disaster+-ous构成，表”具有…性质的”) 副词：disastrously/dr'za:strasli/(adv.灾难性地；糟糕地) 三、必记搭配与例句 be disastrous for sth.对某事造成灾难性影响(The flood was disastrous for the local econ- omy.） a disastrous mistake/decision灾难性的错误/决定 end in disastrous failure以惨败告终 四、重点辨析 disastrous vs.destructive:disastrous强调后果严重（如经济崩溃、计划失败)；destructive 侧重具有破坏能力(The storm was destructive.) 2:survival 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.生存；存活：幸存 二、构词法（词性转换） 动词：survive/sa'vavl（v.幸存；比…活得久) 名词：survival（由survive去e+-al构成) 名词：vivor/ss'vava(/(n.幸存者，由survive+-or表”人) 三、 必记搭配与例句 the survival of the fittest适者生存 fight for survival为生存而战 survival skills生存技能 a survival from the past历史遗留物 四、拓展用法 不可数名词：泛指”生存”时不可数(Survival is our first priority.);特指”残存物”时可 数(ancient survivals) 3:preparation 一、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.准备；预备：准备工作 二、 构词法（词性转换） 动词：prepare /prI'pea(r)/(V.准备；筹备) 名词：preparation(由prepare去e+-ation构成) 形容词：prepared/pr'pead(adj.准备好的，由prepare+-ed) 三、必记搭配与例句 make preparations for为…做准备（后接名词/动名词) in preparation for作为…的准备（She is studying in preparation for the exam.) preparation for sth./to do sth.(preparations to escape) 四、重点辨析 preparation vs.ready:preparation为名词，强调过程(preparation takes time):ready为形 容词(be ready for) 4:emergency 核心考点 词性：名词(n.)、形容词(adj.) 核心义：n.紧急情况；突发事件adj.紧急的；应急的 二、 构词法（词性转换） 形容词：emergent/'m3:d3nt/(adj.紧急的；新兴的，较少使用) 名词：emergency（由emerge(v.出现)+-ency构成，”突然出现的事”) 三、 必记搭配与例句 in an emergency在紧急情况下（可作状语） emergency exit紧急出口 emergency services应急服务（如消防、救护） declare a state of emergency宣布进入紧急状态 四、拓展用法 复数形式：emergencies(表示多类紧急事件)；作形容词时仅用于名词前(emergency treatment) 5:frightening 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.) 核心义：adj.令人恐惧的；吓人的 二、构词法（词性转换） 动词：frighten/'frartn/(v.使惊吓) 形容词：frightened /'frartnd/.(adj.受惊的，-ed表”人感到…) 形容词：fiightening（-img表”事物令人”) 名词：fright/frart/（n.惊吓，由fiighten去en) 三、必记搭配与例句 a frightening experience可怕的经历 It is fiightening to do sth.(It is frightening to see a tornado. fiighteningly adv.可怕地(frighteningly fast) 四、重点辨析 frightening vs..scared:frightening修饰物(a frightening movie);scared修饰人(He was scared.) 6:warning 、 核心考点 词性：名词(n.)、形容词(ad.) 核心义：n.警告；告诫；警示adj.警告的 二、 构词法（词性转换） 动词：wan/wo:/(v.警告；提醒) 名词：warning（由wam+-ing构成) 形容词：waring(ad.警告的，仅作定语) 三、必记搭配与例句 issue/give a warning发出警告 warning sign警示标志 warning against sth./doing sth.(a warning against smoking) take no notice of warnings无视警告 四、拓展用法 可数名词：可加不定冠词(a warning)或用复数(warnings):作形容词：warning1 l ights 警示灯 7:eruption 一 核心考点 词性：名词(n.) 核心义：n.爆发；喷发；突然发生 二、构词法（词性转换） 动词：erupt'rApt/(v.爆发；喷发) 名词：eruption（由eupt+-ion构成) 名词：volcano /vpl'kemau/.(n.火山，常搭配使用volcanic eruption) 三、必记搭配与例句 volcanic eruption火山喷发 eruption of violence暴力事件爆发 the eruption of a volcano火山的喷发 四、拓展用法 不可数名词：指”喷发过程”时不可数(The eruption lasted3days.);指”喷发次数”时可 数(two eruptions) 8:panic 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.)、名词(n.) 核心义：v.惊慌；恐慌n.惊慌；恐慌 二、 构词法（词性转换） 形容词：panicked/'paenrkt/(adj.惊慌失措的，由过去分词转化) 形容词：panicky/paenrki/(adj.恐慌的，非正式) 动词三单：panics:过去式/分词：panicked(双写c+ed) 三、必记搭配与例句 get into a panic陷入恐慌（强调动作） in a panic恐慌地（作状语：She fled in a panic.) panic about/over sth.(Don't panic about the exam. panic sb.into doing sth.使某人惊慌失措做某事 四、重点辨析 panic vs.fear:paic指”突发的、失控的恐惧；fear为普通用词(a feeling of fear) 9:calm 、 核心考点 词性：形容词(adj.)、动词(v.) 核心义：adj.平静的；冷静的v.使平静；使镇静 二、构词法 <p<p>形容词：cam(可作定语/表语) 动词：calm(及物/不及物，calm oneself,/calm down) 名词：calm/ka:m/(n.平静，不可数：the calm before the storm) 副词：calmly'ka:mli/(adv.冷静地) 三、必记搭配与例句 stay/remain calm保持冷静（固定搭配，不用calmly) calm down平静下来（不及物：Calm down!/Calm yourself down!) a calm voice平静的声音 四、重点辨析 calm vs.quiet:cam侧重”内心镇静”（面对危机）；quiet强调”环境安静” 10:damage 一、核心考点 词性：动词(v.)、名词(n.) 核心义：vm.损害；损坏；损失 二、 构词法（词性转换） 动词：damage(v.损害，可及物不及物) 名词：damage(n.损害，单复数同形，但表损失额时常用复数) 形容词：damaged/daemId3d/(adj.受损的，由过去分词转化) 三、必记搭配与例句 do damage to sth.对某物造成损害(The fire did great damage to the house.) suffer damage遭受损失 damage to property财产损失 四、重点辨析 damage vs.destroy vs.ruin: -damage部分损坏（可修复）： -destroy彻底摧毁（无法修复）： -uin强调长期损坏导致功能丧失(uin one's health) 二、词汇巩固练习 (一)单项选择(10题) 1.The heavy rain had a_effect on the crops,leading to a severe shortage. A)disastrous B)destructive C)frightened D)calm 2.In the desert,skills such as finding water are essential for travelers. A)survive B)survival C)survivor D)surviving 3.All students are required to makefor the upcoming final exams. A)prepare B)preparation C)preparations D)prepared 4.You can press the red button-there is an emergency. A)on B)in C)for D)during 5.The sudden_of the volcano forced thousands of people to evacuate. A)erupt B)eruption C)erupting D)eruptive 6.When facing danger,it's important to stay_and think clearly. A)calmly B)calm C)quiet D)quietly 7.The storm caused extensive_to houses along the coast. A)damage B)destroy C)ruin D)harmful 8.She spent three hours studyingpreparation for the interview. A)on B)with C)in D)for 9.The_sound of thunder made the children cry. A)fiightened B)frightening C)frighten D)fright 10.The government issued a__about the spread of the virus A)warn B)warning C)warned D)warnings (二)根据提示补全句子(10题) 1.The team worked day and night in_(prepare)for the competition. 2.After the earthquake,many people were left without basic(survive)supplies. 3.The manager's_(decide)to cut costs proved disastrous for the company 4.All employees must attend the_(emergency)drill next Monday. 5.The(erupt)of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD destroyed the city of Pompeii. 6.She felt(frighten)when she heard the strange noise at night. 7.The doctor said the patient needed immediate(treat). 8.(calm)is essential when dealing with a crisis. 9.The company announced plans to repair the-(damage)equipment next week. 10.We need to make(prepare)for the possibility of heavy snowfall. (三)首字母填空(10题) 1.The flood was d for the local economy,causing millions of dollars in loss. 2.In the wild,only the strongest animals can fight for s. 3.Before the trip,they spent weeks making p for all possible situations. 4.Every building must have a clear emergency efor safety. 5.The sof the plane crash were immediately sent to the hospital 6.The teacher's warning acheating helped reduce dishonest behavior. 7.The ground shook violently before the volcanic e. 8.People often pwhen they hear sudden loud noises. 9.The fire did serious d to the historical museum. 10.Staying c_during an earthquake can save your life. (四)答案与解析 1.单项选择答案：ABCBBBACBB 2.补全句子答案： preparation survival decision emergency eruption fiightened treatment Calm damaged prepa- rations 3.首字母填空答案： disastrous survival preparations exit survivors against eruption panic damage calm 英语词汇复习手册·必修第二册·Unit5 Natural Disasters-Reading Acively