Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world一-2025-2026学年高中英语易错词汇精讲必修第三册（译林版）

高中必修第三册译林版 寒假专版 B版易错词汇精讲 【寒假专版】 高中·译林版·必修第三册Unit4 Scientists who changed the world一 单元词汇总览 republic'pAblik/n.共和国，共herb /h3b/m.药草，香草；草本postpone /p3'sp3Um/t.延迟，延 和政体 refer /rI'f3r)to查阅，参考：提期 malaria/ma'learia/h.疟疾 到，谈及 sufficient/sa'fint/adj.足够的， deadly/'dedli/ad.致命的；十足experiment /ik'sperimant/.h.实充足的 的，彻底的 验，试验：尝试，实践：vi.做试data/derta/n.数据，资料，材料 survival/S3'varvl/n.生存，存活：验，进行实验：尝试 speed up(使)加速 残存物，幸存事物 trial/'traral/n.试用，试验：审讯，pay off成功，奏效，达到目的 province'prDvis/n.省，省份审判：考验：vi.&t.测试，试error /'era(r)/n.错误，差错 broad /bro:d/adj.广泛的：宽阔验 through trial and error反复试 的，广阔的：概括的；开阔的limited/'lmmitid/adj.有限的 验 intend/m'tend/t.&vi.想要，计household/'haushauld/adj.家庭wisdom/'wIzdom/m.智慧，知识， 划：意指 的，家用的，家务的：.一家人，学问：才智：明智 extract/'ekstraekt/n.提取物，选家庭 beneficial/benr'fi/adj.有益的， 录：k'straekt/vt.提取：选录：取 container /kan'tena()/m.容器：有用的 出：设法得到 集装箱，货柜 易错词汇精讲 1.republic/r'pAblik/h.共和国，共和政体 ·易错点：易误写为repubic(漏写字母I),注意字母顺序为r-e-p-u-b-l-ic。 ·精讲：表示国家政体类型的名词，首字母常大写，如the People's Republic of China(中华人民 共和国)。 ·例句：The Republic of France is a European country. ·真题链接：（译林版高中必修三同步练习）：The People's of China was founded in 1949.(答案：Republic) 2.malaria/me'learia/n.疟疾 ·易错点：拼写复杂易出错，易漏写中间的e或误写为maleria:发音易读错重音位置，正确重 音在第二音节。 ·精讲：专用医学名词，指由蚊子传播的热带疾病，为不可数名词。 ·例句：Malaria is still a serious problem in some African countries 高中必修第三册译林版 寒假专版 ·真题链接： (译林版高中必修三同步练习)：The doctor diagnosed the patient with (疟疾)after a blood test.(答案：malaria) 3.extract/'ekstraekt/h.提取物，选录；/k'straekt/t.提取：选录：取出：设法得到 ·易错点：词性不同发音不同，名词重音在第一音节/'ekstraekt//,动词重音在第二音节/ik'straekt/, 易混淆发音和词性搭配。 ·精讲：作名词时，常与of搭配，如plant extract(植物提取物)：作动词时，搭配extract sth.from sth.（从某物中提取某物)。 ·例句：(I)This is an extract from her latest novel..(n.)(2)They extract oil from olives.(v.) ·真题链接：（译林版高中必修三同步练习）：Scientists are trying to (提取)a new drug from this rare herb.(答案：extract) 4.refer /ri'f3to查阅，参考；提到，谈及 ·易错点：易遗漏介词to,误用作refer sth.;过去式和过去分词易误写为refered,正确形式为 referred(双写r)。 ·精讲：固定搭配refer to sth.(查阅资料)：refer to sb./sth.as.（把某人W某物称作…)。 ·例句：When you don't know a word,you can refer to a dictionary. ·真题链接：：（译林版高中必修三同步练习）：The speaker (提到)his childhood expe- rience several times in his speech.(答案：referred to) 5.experiment/k'sperimant/n.实验，试验；尝试，实践；vi.做试验，进行实验：尝试 ·易错点：易混淆名词和动词用法，作动词时易误接宾语，需用experiment on/with sth.;拼写易 漏写中间的r,误写为expeiment。 ·精讲：作名词时，常用搭配do an experiment(做实验)：作动词时，experiment with(用…做 实验)。 .(1)We did an interesting experiment in chemistry class.(n.)(2)They are experimenting with new materials.(v.) ·真题链接：（译林版高中必修三同步练习）：The students are (做实验)on how plants grow in space.(答案：experimenting） 6.tial/'traral/n.试用，试验：审讯，审判：考验；vi.&vt.测试，试验 ·易错点：易与ty混淆，trial为名词或动词，ty多为动词：固定短语through trial and error易 漏写定冠词he。 ·精讲：作名词时，常用搭配on trial(在试验中；受审)：the trial of sb.(某人的审判)。 ·例句：He learned to cook through trial and error ·真题链接：（译林版高中必修三同步练习）：After many (试验)，the scientists finally succeeded.(答案：trials) 高中必修第三册译林版 寒假专版 7.household/'haushauld/adj.家庭的，家用的，家务的：n.一家人，家庭 ·易错点：易误写为housework(家务劳动，不可数名词)，household作名词指“家庭”，作形容 词指“家庭的”。 ·精讲：作形容词时，搭配household appliances(家用电器)：作名词时，a household of five（五 口之家)。 ·例句：This product is designed for household use.. ·真题链接：（译林版高中必修三同步练习）：Nowadays,most (家庭)have at least one computer.(答案：households) 8.data/deta/n.数据，资料，材料 ·易错点：易误认为是单数形式，实际data是datum的复数形式，常用作复数，但在非正式语 境中也可作单数：易误写为datas(错误复数形式)。 ·精讲：作主语时，谓语动词可用单数或复数，如The data is/are being analyzed ·例句：We need to collect more data before making a decision ·真题链接：（译林版高中必修三同步练习）：Te (数据)shows that the number of students is increasing.(答案：data) 9.pay off成功，奏效，达到目的 ·易错点：易误解为“支付”，忽略“成功”含义：作及物短语时，宾语为人，指“付清工资解 雇某人”，作不及物短语时指“成功”。 ·精讲：主语多为努力、计划等，如Hard work finally paid off.(努力最终有了回报)。 ·例句：All their efforts paid off when they won the competition, ·真题链接：（译林版高中必修三同步练习）：After years ofhard work,his dream finally (成功).（答案：paid off) 10.through trial and error反复试验 ·易错点：易漏写through或定冠词he,误写为trial and error;易与by trial and error混淆，两者 含义相同，through更强调过程。 ·精讲：固定短语，在句中作状语，强调通过不断尝试错误而获得成功。 ·例句：He learned to ride a bike through trial and error. ·真题链接： (译林版高中必修三同步练习)：Many great inventions were made (反复试验).（答案：through trial and error) 11.wisdom/wzdm/m.智慧，知识，学问；才智；明智 ·易错点：易与wise(形容词，明智的)混淆，词性不同：易误写为wisdow(漏写m)。 ·精讲：不可数名词，常用搭配traditional wisdom(传统智慧)；a man of wisdom(有智慧的人)。 高中必修第三册译林版 寒假专版 ·例句：We should learn from the wisdom of our ancestors. ·真题链接：（译林版高中必修三同步练习）：Hs (智慧)helped him solve the difficult problem.(答案：wisdom) 12.beneficial/,benr'fi/adj.有益的，有用的 ·易错点：易误写为benefit(名词/动词，利益/有益于)，忽略形容词后缀-ial:固定搭配be beneficial to中to为介词，易误接动词原形。 ·精讲：be beneficial to sb./sth.(对某人/某物有益)，相当于be good for。 ·例句：Regular exercise is beneficial to our health, ·真题链接：（译林版高中必修三同步练习）：Reading is (有益的)to improving your writing skills.(答案：beneficial） 易错词汇综合训练 1.一、单项选择 1.The People's of China was founded in 1949. 。A.Republic ·B.repubic ·C.Republics ●D.repubics 2.The doctor diagnosed the patient with after a blood test ●A.maleria ●B.nalaria ●C.malary ●D.malearia 3.Scientists are trying to a new drug from this rare herb ●A.extract ●B.extraction 高中必修第三册译林版 寒假专版 ·C.extracting ●D.extracts 4.The speaker」 his childhood experience several times in his speech. ●A.refered to ●B.referred to ·C.refer to 。D.referring to 5.The students are on how plants grow in space. ●A.experiment ●B.experimenting ●C.experiments ·D.experimented 6.After many the scientists finally succeeded. ●A.trial ●B.try ●C.trials 。D.trys 7.Nowadays,most have at least one computer. ●A.household ●B.housework ·C.households ●D.houseworks 8.The shows that the number of students is increasing. ●A.data 高中必修第三册译林版 寒假专版 ·B.datas 。C.datum ●D.datums 9.After years of hard work,his dream finally 。A.paid for ●B.paid off ·C.paid out ●D.paid back 10.Many great inventions were made trial and error. ●A.through ·B.by 。C.with ●D.in 2.二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.We should learn from the (智慧)of our ancestors. 2.Reading is (有益的)to improving your writing skills. 3.When you don't know a word,you can (查阅)a dictionary. 4.This is an (提取物)from her latest novel. 5.They. (提取)oil from olives. 6.He learned to ride a bike (反复试验). 3.三、首字母填空 1.You shouldr to a dictionary when you don't know a word. 2.The scientist is doing an e in the lab. 3.M is still a serious problem in some African countries. 4.The People's R of China was founded in 1949. 高中必修第三册译林版 寒假专版 5.We need to collect more d before making a decision. 6.His w helped him solve the difficult problem. 4.四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.He always pays attention to (refer)to the notes when studying. 2.The doctors are (experiment)with a new treatment. 3.She has a good (memorize)for faces. 4.It's (benefit)to our health to exercise regularly. 5.The company (pay)off all its debts last year 6.We should learn from the wisdom of our (ancestor) 5.参考答案 ·一、单项选择 1.A2.B3.A4.B5B6.C7.C8.A9.B10.A ·二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.wisdom 2.beneficial 3.refer to 4.extract 5.extract 6.through trial and error ·三、首字母填空 1.refer 2.experiment 3.Malaria 4.Republic 5.data 6.wisdom ·四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.referring 2.experimenting 3.memory 4.beneficial 5.paid 6.ancestors