Unit 6 Space and beyond 一-2025-2026学年高中英语易错词汇精讲选择性必修第四册（外研版）

高中外研 寒假专版 B版易错词汇精讲 【寒假专版】 高中·外研·选择性必修第四册Unit6 Space and beyond 单元词汇总览 upwards/'Apw3 dz/adv.向上，朝substance/'sAbstans/n.物质 the space shuttle航天飞机 上 vessel/'vesl/n.船：舰 excursion/k'sk3n/n.短途出行 trench /trent∫n.海沟 drilling/'drl/n.钻探；勘探rekindle/i:'knd/v.重新激起 equivalent/i'kwIvalant/adj.等同vol(∈volume)n.(书的)卷，册tragically/'tred3kli/adv.悲惨地 的：等值的 become accustomed to习惯于 instantaneously /,mstan'temiasli/ stack/tek/v.整齐地堆起；摞起notion/'n3/n.概念；观点 adv.瞬间地 furthermore/'f3:ǒam:t)/adv.hazardous/'hezadas/adj.危险的shadow/∫eda/n.坏影响 此外：而且 unexceptional/,nk'sepJ3nl/ad.cast a shadow on给…蒙上阴 notable/nautabl/adj.重要的：显平常的 影 著的 shuttle/∫tl/n.航天飞机 易错词汇精讲 1.upwards./'△pw3dz/adv.向上，朝上 ·易错点：易误写为upward(形容词形式)，词性混淆：upwards仅作副词，upward可作形容词 或副词。 ·精讲：upwards强调方向“向上”，常与动态动词连用；upward作形容词时表示“上升的”，如 upward trend(上升趋势)。 ·例句：Smoke curled upwards from the chimney. ·真题链接：The prices have been moving since last month.(答案：upwards) 2.equivalent/h'kwIvalant/adj.等同的；等值的；相当的 ·易错点：易混淆固定搭配be equivalent to中to为介词，后接名词/动名词，易误接动词原形；易 漏写中间的“a”,误写为equivelent。 ·精讲：表示“与…等同”，主语通常为物，如A is equivalent to B:名词形式为equivalence。 ·例句：His monthly salary is equivalent to mine. ·真题链接：The new policy is (等同的)to the previous one in essence.(答案：equiv- alent) 3.stack/stek/v.(使)整齐地堆起：摞起 高中外研 寒假专版 ·易错点：易混淆主动语态与被动语态用法：stck作及物动词时需接宾语，不及物时表示“堆 积起来”。 ·精讲：常用搭配stack up(堆积)：stack sth.against sth.(使某物与某物相比较)：被动形式为 be stacked with(堆满)。 ·例句：Books were stacked neatly on the shelf. ·真题链接：Workers (堆起)the boxes in the corner yesterday..(答案：stacked) 4.furthermore/'f3:δamo:c)/av.此外而且：不仅如此 ·易错点：易与however(然而)、herefore(因此)等连接副词混淆逻辑关系；位置易出错，通 常置于句首，后接逗号。 ·精讲：表示递进关系，用于补充说明，相当于besides:不可连接两个独立分句，需用分号或句 号隔开。 ·例句：She is good at English.Furthermore,.she speaks French fluently. ·真题链接：The project is time-consuming. ,it requires a lot of money.(答案：fur thermore) 5.notable/'nautabl/adj.重要的；显著的：值得注意的 ·易错点：易与noticeable(显而易见的)混淆：notable强调“重要性”，noticeable强调“可被 注意到”。 ·精讲：常用搭配be notable for(因…而著名)：名词形式为notoriety(贬义，恶名)，注意区 分。 ·例句：The city is notable for its ancient temples. ·真题链接：Her contribution to science is (值得注意的)by all.(答案：notable) 6.vessel/'vesl/n.船；舰 ·易错点：易与vase(花瓶)混淆拼写；vessel还可表示“血管；容器”，词义易漏记。 ·精讲：作“船”解时，尤指大型船只：作“血管”时，常用搭配blood vessel(血管)：作“容 器”时，指盛液体的器皿。 ·例句：A large vessel sailed into the harbor. ·真题链接：The doctor found a blockage in his blood (答案：vessel) 7.hazardous/'haezadas/adj.危险的，不安全的 ·易错点：易与dangerous(危险的)混淆用法；hazardous更正式，强调“有潜在风险”，dangerous 强调“可能造成伤害”。 ·精讲：常用搭配hazardous to health(对健康有害)：名词形式为hazard(危险，危害)。 ·例句：Working in the mine is a hazardous job, 高中外研 寒假专版 ·真题链接：Exposure to radiation is (危险的)to human beings.(答案：hazardous) 8.excursion/k'sk3n/n.(有特定目的的)短途出行 ·易错点：易与trip(旅行)、journey(旅程)混淆；excursion强调“集体性、有组织的短途出 行”，目的明确。 ·精讲：常用搭配g0 on an excursion(去远足)：比trip更正式，通常指娱乐或教育性的短途活 动。 ·例句：The class went on an excursion to the museum. ·真题链接：We planned an (短途出行)to the countryside next weekend.(答案：ex- cursion) 9.rekindle/ri:'knd/v.重新激起，重新唤起 ·易错点：易误写为rekindle(拼写正确，但易漏写“re-”前缀)：及物动词，需接宾语，如rekindle hope/love。 ·精讲：表示“使…重新活跃”，常用于抽象名词，如rekindle memories(唤起回忆)；无被动 语态。 ·例句：The old photo rekindled her memories of childhood ·真题链接：His encouragement helped to (重新激起)her confidence.(答案：rekindle) 10.instantaneously/,Insten'temiasli/adv.瞬间地 ·易错点：易与immediately(立刻)混淆：instantaneously强调“时间极短，瞬间发生”，比 immediately更正式。 ·精讲：多用于书面语，描述动作在极短时间内完成；形容词形式为instantaneous。 ·例句：The bomb exploded instantaneously. ·真题链接：The signal was transmitted (瞬间地)across the globe.(答案：instanta neously） 11.cast a shadow on给…蒙上阴影（常用短语） ·易错点：易漏写冠词a,误写为cast shadow on::on易误写为over,虽可通用，但cast a shadow on更常用。 ·精讲：shadow为可数名词，需加不定冠词a;主语通常为负面事物，如bad news cast a shadow on the party。 ·例句：The accident cast a shadow on their holiday. ·真题链接：The economic crisis (给…蒙上阴影the coun- try's development.(答案：cast a shadow on) 高中外研 寒假专版 12.become accustomed to习惯于（做）某事物（常用短语） ·易错点：to为介词，后接名词/动名词，易误接动词原形；accustomed易误写为accustommed (多写“m”)。 ·精讲：相当于get used to;accustomed为形容词，常用搭配be accustomed to,.become强调动作 过程。 ·例句：She has become accustomed to living alone.. ·真题链接：It took him a long time to become (习惯的)to the new environment.. (答 案：accustomed) 13.notion/nan/n.概念：观点：看法 ·易错点：易与idea(想法)、concept(概念)混淆：notion更强调“模糊或初步的想法”，concept 指“抽象概念”。 ·精讲：常用搭配have a notion of(对…有概念)：否定形式为have no notion(毫无概念)。 ·例句：He has a vague notion of how the machine works ·真题链接：Children begin to form (about the world around them at an early age. (答案：notions) 14.tragic./tred3k/adj.悲惨的(tragically的形容词形式) ·易错点：易混淆tragic（形容词)与tragically(副词)词性；tragic易误写为tragical(过时用 法，现多用tragic)。 ·精讲：tragically修饰动词或整个句子，tragic修饰名词，如tragic accident(悲惨的事故)。 ·例句：The film tells a tragic love story. ·真题链接：The (悲惨的)event shocked the whole community.(答案：tragic) 易错词汇综合训练 1.一、单项选择 1.The prices of vegetables have been moving since last week. ●A.upward ●B.upwards 。C.up ·D.to upward 高中外研 寒假专版 2.Her new apartment is equivalent mine in size and decoration. ●A.with 。B.for ·C.to 。D.on 3.The workers the goods neatly in the warehouse before the storm came. ·A.stack 。B.stacking ·C.stacked 。D.were stacked 4.The project requires careful planning. it needs a large budget to support. ●A.However ·B.Therefore ●C.Furthermore ●D.Otherwise 5.The scientist is for her groundbreaking research in environmental protection. ●A.noticeable 。B.notable ●C.famous ·D.well-known 2.二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The old castle is (显著的)for its unique architectural style, 2.The doctor warned that long-term exposure to the chemical is (危险的)to human health. 3.We are planning an (短途出行)to the botanical garden next Sunday. 高中外研 寒假专版 4.The economic downturn has (给…蒙上阴影)the com pany's future. 5.It took her three months to become (习惯的)to the fast-paced city life. 3.三、首字母填空 1.The shipwreck was caused by a collision between two large v 2.The tragic accident cast a s on the family's happy life. 3.He has a vague n of how the new technology works. 4.The signal was transmitted i across the ocean via satellite. 5.The old photo r her memories of summer vacations in her hometown. 4.四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The shelves in the library are always. (stack)with books of various genres. 2.She has become accustomed to (work)under high pressure 3.The (hazard)conditions forced the team to abandon the expedition. 4.His speech was (instantaneous)interrupted by loud applause from the audience. 5.The novel tells a (tragic)story of love and loss during the war. 5.参考答案 ·一、单项选择 1B2.C3.C4.C5.B ·二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.notable 2.hazardous 3.excursion 4.cast a shadow on 5.accustomed ·三、首字母填空 1.vessels 2.shadow 3.notion 4.instantaneously 5.rekindled ·四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.stacked 2.working 3.hazardous 4.instantaneously 5.tragic