Unit 6 Space and beyond一-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲选择性必修第四册（外研版）

高中选择性必修第四册外研版 【Unit6】 Space and beyond词义辨析精讲 外研版 【Unit6】Space and beyond 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 upwards /'Apwadz/adv. 向上， drilling/'drln/n.钻探：勘探 目的的)短途出行 朝上 vol(∈volume)n.(书的)卷，册rekindle/ri:kndl/v.重新激起， trench/trentf/n.海沟 become accustomed to习惯于重新唤起 equivalent /I'kwrvalant/ad.等（做）某事物 tragically/'tred3kli/adv.悲惨 同的：等值的；相当的 notion/'nan/n.概念；观点；地，不幸地 stack /staek/v.(使)整齐地堆看法 instantaneously /n- 起：摞起 hazardous/'hez3das/adj.危险stan'temiasli/adv.瞬间地 furthermore/'f3:amo:)/adv.的，不安全的 shadow/∫edu/n.坏影响，阴 此外：而且：不仅如此 unexception al /.nik'sepfanl/影 notable /'nautabl/adj. 重要的：ad.平常的 cast a shadow on给…蒙上阴 显著的：值得注意的 shuttle'Atl/n.航天飞机 影 substance/sAbstans/n.物质 the space shuttle航天飞机 vessel/'vesl/n.船；舰 excursion/ik'sk3jn/n.(有特定 词义辨析及同义替换 1. equivalent /I'kwivalant//adj.等同的；等值的：相当的 词义辨析： equivalent:强调在价值、数量、意义等方面“相等的、相当的”，常与介词to搭配，侧重抽象 概念上的对等。 equl:指在大小、数量、程度等方面“相等的”，可作形容词或动词，侧重具体数值或能力上的 平等。 同义替换： equal,corresponding 例句： One hour of study in the morning is equivalent to two hours in the evening for me. 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第四册同步练习） 高中选择性必修第四册外研版 【Unit6】 Space and beyond词义辨析精讲 The new policy is said to be to the previous one in terms of its impact on the economy. A.equivalent B.same C.common (答案：A) 2.notable/'nautabl/adj.重要的：显著的：值得注意的 词义辨析： notable:指因“突出、优秀”而“值得注意的”，强调正面评价，常用于描述人物、成就或事件。 noticeable:侧重“易被察觉的”，强调视觉或感官上的明显。 同义替换： remarkable,prominent 例句： Her notable contributions to environmental protection have won worldwide recognition 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第四册单元检测） The scientist made a discovery that changed the course of medical research. A.notable B.normal C.ordinary (答案：A) 3.hazardous/'hazadas/adj.危险的，不安全的 词义辨析： hazardous:正式用词，指因“潜在风险或危害”而“危险的”，常用于描述环境、物质或行为。 dangerous: 普通用词，泛指可能造成伤害或损失的“危险的”，可修饰人、物或情境。 同义替换： dangerous,risky 例句： Working in the drilling industry can be hazardous due to high-pressure equipment 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第四册阅读专项） The expedition team was warned about the conditions in the mountain area A.hazardous B.safe C.comfortable(答案：A) 4.furthermore/'f3:ǒemo:r)/adv.此外：而且：不仅如此 词义辨析： furthermore:书面语，用于补充说明观点，强调“递进关系”，通常位于句首并加逗号。 moreover:与furthermore同义，但更正式，常用于学术或正式文体中。 besides:侧重“除…之外还有”，可用于句首或句中。 同义替换： moreover,besides 例句： The new policy will reduce pollution;furthermore,it will create more job opportunities. 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第四册语法填空） Online learning is convenient; it allows students to study at their own pace A.furthermore B.however C.instead (答案：A) 2 高中选择性必修第四册外研版 【Unit6】 Space and beyond词义辨析精讲 5.rekindle/ri:kmdl/v.重新激起，重新唤起 词义辨析： rekindle:指“重新点燃（情感、兴趣等）”，强调将已减弱或消失的事物恢复。 renew:侧重“更新、重新开始”，可指时间、关系或活力的恢复。 同义替换： revive,reawaken 例句： The old photo rekindled her memories of childhood in the countryside 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第四册完形填空） After years of separation,the two friends met again and their friendship. A.rekindled B.ended C.forgot(答案：A) 6.instantaneously/,nstan'temiasli/adv.瞬间地 词义辨析： instantaneously:强调“在瞬间发生”，时间极短，几乎无延迟，语气比immediately更强。 immediately:指“立刻、马上”，时间稍长于instantaneously,可用于动作的快速响应。 同义替换： instantly,immediately 例句： The explosion happened so instantaneously that no one had time to react. 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第四册听力理解） When the alarm rang,the fire spread through the wooden building A.instantaneously B.slowly C.gradually (答案：A) 7.cast a shadow on给…蒙上阴影（常用短语） 词义辨析： cast a shadow or:比喻“给…带来负面影响或忧虑”，强调抽象的“阴影”。 darken:指“使变暗、使阴郁”，可指物理上的“变黑”或情绪上的“低落”。 同义替换： cloud,overshadow 例句： The economic crisis cast a shadow on the country's development for years. 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第四册阅读理解） The accident the family's happiness and left them in sorrow. A.cast a shadow on B.added color to C.brought joy to (答案：A) 8.become accustomed to习惯于（做）某事物（常用短语） 3 高中选择性必修第四册外研版 【Unit6】 Space and beyond词义辨析精讲 词义辨析： become accustomed to:强调“逐渐适应”的过程，后接名词或动名词，比get used to更正式。 get used to:口语化，指“变得习惯”，侧重结果，可用于各种时态。 同义替换： get used to,adapt to 例句： She has become accustomed to working late hours since joining the company 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第四册语法填空） It takes time to the climate in a new place A.become accustomed to B.be interested in C.be afraid of (答案：A) 9.shuttle/'∫At/n.航天飞机 词义辨析： shuttle:特指“航天飞机”（如美国航天飞机项目），也可指“短途穿梭运输工具”。 spaceship:泛指“宇宙飞船”，包括载人或无人航天器，不局限于重复使用的航天飞机。 同义替换： space shuttle,spacecraft 例句： The space shuttle Columbia completed 28 missions before its tragic accident. 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第四册词汇运用） The is designed to carry astronauts and cargo into low Earth orbit. A.shuttle B.train C.plane (答案：A) l0.tragic/'tred3k/adj.悲惨的，不幸的 词义辨析： tragic:指因“灾难、死亡或失败”而“悲惨的、可悲的”；agically为其副词形式。 sad:普通用词，指“难过的、悲伤的”，侧重情绪上的低落，程度弱于tragic。 同义替换： disastrous.sorrowful 例句： The fire resulted in a tragic loss of five lives. 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第四册完形填空） The story has a ending that made many readers cry. A.tragic B.happy C.funny (答案：A) 11.stack/stek/v.(使)整齐地堆起；摞起 词义辨析： sack:指将同类物品“整齐地堆叠”，强调垂直叠加；也可作名词“堆”。 pile:泛指“堆积”，可整齐或杂乱。 高中选择性必修第四册外研版 【Unit6】 Space and beyond词义辨析精讲 同义替换： pile,heap 例句： Please stack the chairs against the wall after the meeting. 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第四册词汇运用） Workers the boxes in the warehouse to save space. A.stacked B.threw C.scattered (答案：A) 12.substance/SAbstans/n.物质 词义辨析： substance:科学或正式用词，指具体的“物质”，也可指“实质、主旨”。 material:指制作物品的“材料”，侧重用途。 同义替换： material,matter 例句： The lab is testing a new substance that can decompose plastic waste 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第四册单元检测） Water is a that is essential for all living things A.substance B.tool C.energy (答案：A) 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.The energy produced by wind power isto that from coal in terms of efficiency A.equivalent B.equal C.same 2.The artist's works have been displayed in museums around the world. A.notable B.normal C.ordinary 3.Workers must wear protective clothing when handling materials in the factory. A.hazardous B.safe 5 高中选择性必修第四册外研版 【Unit6】 Space and beyond词义辨析精讲 C.comfortable 4.Regular exercise improves physical health; it helps reduce stress levels. A.furthermore B.however C.instead 5.After the long journey,the old friends finally met and their lost friendship. A.rekindled B.ended C.forgot 6.The lightning struck the tree,and the fire spread through the dry branches. A.instantaneously B.slowly C.gradually 7.The sudden economic crisis the company's future development. A.cast a shadow on B.added color to C.brought joy to 8.It takes time for newcomers to the fast-paced life in big cities. A.become accustomed to B.be interested in C.be afraid of 9.The successfully carried astronauts to the International Space Station last month A.shuttle B.train C.plane 10.The novel tells a story of love and loss during the war. A.tragic B.happy C.funny 二、根据句意及首字母提示完成单词 1.The new policy is e to the previous one in its impact on education. 2.Her n achievements in science have earned her global respect. 3.Handling chemicals without protection is h to your health. 6 高中选择性必修第四册外研版 【Unit6】 Space and beyond词义辨析精讲 4.Online learning is convenient;f,it offers flexible schedules. 5.The old song r memories of my childhood in the countryside. 6.The car accident happened so i that no one saw it coming. 7.The bad news cast a s on the family's celebration. 8.It took him a month to become a to the new job's requirements. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The two methods are (equivalent)in effectiveness,but differ in cost. 2.She made a (note)contribution to the field of environmental science. 3.The workers were warned about the (hazard)conditions in the construction site. 4.The project will save time; (furthermore),it will reduce costs significantly. 5.The meeting (rekindle)their interest in the abandoned research topic. 6.The signal is transmitted (instantaneous)via satellite 7.The scandal (cast)a shadow on his political career. 8.She has (accustom)herself to waking up early for morning exercises. 四、完成句子 1.One hour of focused study is (等同于)two hours of distracted study. 2.The scientist's__(显著的发现)changed the course of medical research. 3.The team was warned about the__(危险的环境)in the desert. 4.Regular reading improves vocabulary,(),it enhances critical thinking 5.The old photograph (重新唤起了)her memories of her hometown. 6.The fire spread(瞬间地)due to the strong wind. 7.The accident (给…蒙上阴影)the family's happiness for years. 8.It took him three months to_(习惯于)the new climate. 1 高中选择性必修第四册外研版 【Unit6】 Space and beyond词义辨析精讲 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 The development ofrenewable energy has brought many benefits.Solar power,for example,is (equivalent)to fossil fuels in meeting daily energy needs. (Furthermore),it reduces carbon emissions significantly.However,some regions face (hazard)weather conditions that damage solar panels.Workers must(rekindle)their awareness of safety when maintaining equipment. In remote areas,energy storage remains a challenge,as power outages can occur (instanta- neous).These issues have(cast)a shadow on the full of solar energy.Nevertheless,with technological progress,more people are becoming_ (accustom)to relying on clean energy,and the future looks promising. 参考答案 I单项选择 1.A2.A3.A4.A5.A6.A7.A8.A9.A10.A Ⅱ.根据句意及首字母提示完成单词 1.equivalent 2.notable 3.hazardous 4.furthermore 5.rekindled 6.instantaneously 7.shadow 8.accustomed ⅡL.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.equivalent 2.notable 3.hazardous 4.furthermore 5.rekindled 6.instantaneously 7.cast 8.accustomed V.完成句子 1.equivalent to 2.notable discovery 3.hazardous environment 4.furthermore 5.rekindled 6.instantaneously 7.cast a shadow on 8.become accustomed to V.语篇填空 1.equivalent 2.Furthermore 3.hazardous 4.rekindle 5.instantaneously 6.cast 7.accus- tomed P