精品解析：湖南常德市汉寿县第一中学2025-2026学年高三上学期2月期末英语试题

湖南省常德市汉寿县第一中学2025—2026学年 高三上学期期末考试英语试卷 一、听力选择题 1．Where are the speakers? A．In a library. B．In a classroom. C．In a bookstore. 2．What does the man think of Lang Ping? A．She is only well known in China. B．She is famous all over the world. C．She is one of the tallest women volleyball coaches in the world. 3．What time is it now? A．9:35 B．9:20. C．9:05. 4．What will the weather be like next week? A．Cloudy. B．Sunny. C．Rainy. 5．What will the man do this Tuesday? A．Deliver a speech. B．Meet his lawyer. C．Hold a conference. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6．What does the man’s brother think of Mr. Williams? A．He’s talented. B．He’s strict. C．He’s humorous. 7．What would Mr. Williams like his students to do? A．Talk with native speakers. B．Join the Spanish club. C．Speak Spanish loudly. 听下面一段对话，回答以下问题。 8．What will Jane do? A．Make a journey. B．Change a room. C．Buy a ticket. 9．Why did the man fail to tell Jane the news yesterday? A．He couldn’t reach her. B．He forgot to do it. C．He was busy. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 10．Why did the man go to Rome? A．To go on a business trip. B．To take a vacation. C．To attend a party. 11．What did the man do first in Paris? A．He toured a college. B．He went to the Louvre. C．He visited the Eiffel Tower. 12．What made the man surprised about the Mona Lisa? A．The smile of Mona Lisa. B．The skill of the painter. C．The size of the painting. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 13．Why is Lucy interested in reading novels? A．It improves her writing skills. B．It helps her learn new languages. C．It lets her experience different worlds. 14．Which of the following might Tom try if he had time? A．Playing ball games. B．Learning to paint. C．Making DIY crafts. 15．What does Lucy suggest doing together in the future? A．Sharing their favorite songs. B．Joining a reading club. C．Going to a concert. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 16．What made Mandy develop a deeper love for Italian culture? A．Studying art. B．Eating local foods. C．Visiting tourist attractions. 17．What is Mandy probably excited to do in China? A．Learn Chinese. B．Have Chinese tea. C．Take a cooking class. 18．Why does Mandy want to write a book? A．To introduce Chinese traditions. B．To share her cooking experiences. C．To encourage others to explore cultures. 二、阅读理解 If you’re concerned about the cost of gas and the environmental impact of gas-powered cars, and don’t want to worry about the charging challenges associated with the pure electric vehicle (EV), it’s time to take a closer look at a hybrid (混合的) electric vehicle (HEV). While salespeople might simply advise you to “plug in daily and use gas for longer trips,” understanding the underlying mechanics is key to determining if an HEV truly fits your needs. Essentially, an HEV offers you the best of gas cars and EVs. An HEV has two sources of power: an internal combustion (燃烧) engine (ICE) and at least one electric motor. There are two main types of HEV: parallel (并联式) hybrid and series hybrid. The parallel hybrid (PHEV) aims to keep the core designs of the conventional gas-powered vehicles while lowering the operation costs and improving the environmental performance. Reduced to its basics, its system uses ICE and electric motors to power the wheels — either together or independently. This structure performs reliably on long-distance journeys and complex road conditions, where the combustion engine operates efficiently. In the case of series hybrid (SHEV), the vehicle runs only on electricity, which is from the battery. When the battery is exhausted, the ICE switches on — not to drive the wheels directly, but to power the generator and charge the battery. This setup offers smoother and quieter driving operation which is similar to pure electric vehicles. It’s generally more eco-friendly, and further reduces the cost of use. In today’s market, conventional gas cars are going significantly cheaper, while stylish pure electric vehicles have become symbols of modern status. The HEV, striking a practical balance between these two extremes, certainly deserves a closer look. Properties Parallel Hybrid Series hybrid Urban Efficiency Lower Higher Highway Efficiency Higher Lower Fuel Consumption Higher Lower Power Performance Higher Lower Sales Price Lower Higher 1. What is an advantage of HEVs compared with other types of vehicles? A. They’re simpler in design. B. They’re cheaper to purchase. C. They’re more eco-friendly. D. They’re more practical to use. 2. What does the ICE in a series hybrid car directly work on? A. Replacing the generator. B. Driving the wheels. C. Starting the electric motor. D. Charging the battery. 3. In which aspect are PHEVs generally better than SHEVs? A. Mountain road driving. B. In-city transportation. C. Waste gases production. D. Vehicle running costs. 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了混合动力汽车的工作原理、主要类型以及两种类型在不同方面的差异。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“While salespeople might simply advise you to “plug in daily and use gas for longer trips,” understanding the underlying mechanics is key to determining if an HEV truly fits your needs. Essentially, an HEV offers you the best of gas cars and EVs.(虽然销售人员可能只是建议你“每天插电，长途旅行使用汽油”，但了解其基本原理是确定混合动力汽车是否真正符合你需求的关键。从本质上讲，混合动力汽车为你提供了汽油车和电动汽车的最佳性能)”和最后一段“The HEV, striking a practical balance between these two extremes, certainly deserves a closer look. (HEV在这两个极端之间达到了实用的平衡，当然值得更仔细地审视)”可知，文章强调HEV结合了燃油车和电动车的优点，达到了实用性的平衡。因此，与其他类型车辆相比，HEV的优势在于更实用。故选D项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“When the battery is exhausted, the ICE switches on — not to drive the wheels directly, but to power the generator and charge the battery.(当电池耗尽时，内燃机启动——不是直接驱动车轮，而是为发电机提供动力并为电池充电)”可知，串联混合动力汽车中的内燃机直接为电池充电。故选D项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“The parallel hybrid (PHEV) aims to keep the core designs of the conventional gas-powered vehicles while lowering the operation costs and improving the environmental performance. Reduced to its basics, its system uses ICE and electric motors to power the wheels — either together or independently. This structure performs reliably on long-distance journeys and complex road conditions, where the combustion engine operates efficiently.(并联混合动力(PHEV)旨在保持传统汽油动力汽车的核心设计，同时降低运营成本，提高环保性能。从根本上说，它的系统使用内燃机和电动机为车轮提供动力——可以一起使用，也可以独立使用。这种结构在长途旅行和复杂路况下表现可靠，内燃机在这种情况下运行效率很高)”和表格中关于Parallel Hybrid(PHEV插电式混合动力汽车)和Series hybrid(SHEV串联式混合动力)的对比可知，PHEV更适合长途和复杂路况驾驶。而“Mountain road driving (山路驾驶)”属于典型的复杂路况，需要更高的动力性能和可靠的长途适应性，因此PHEV在这方面比SHEV更好。故选A项。 Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled. Some 65% of American men aged 62-74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with 32% of men with only a high-school certificate. This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-education well off and the unskilled poor. Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled. The consequences, for individual and society, are profound. The world is facing as astonishing rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever before. Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion. The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems. But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled. Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer. The divide is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers (二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人) are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce. Policy is partly responsible. Many European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire early. Rising life expectancy, combined with the replacement of generous defined-benefit pension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement. But the changing nature of work also plays a big role. Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to get rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the previous generation. Technological change may well strengthen that shift: the skills that make up for computers, from management knowhow to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age. 4. What has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor? A. Longer life expectancies. B. A rapid technological advance. C. Profound changes in the workforce. D. A growing number of the well-educated. 5 What do many observers predict in view of the experience of the 20th century? A. Economic growth will slow down. B. Government budgets will increase C. More people will try to pursue higher education. D. There will be more competition in the job market. 6. What is the result of policy changes in European countries? A. Unskilled workers m ay choose to retire early. B. More people have to receive in-service training. C. Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement. D. People may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans. 7. What is characteristic of work in the 21st century? A. Computers will do more complicated work. B. More will be taken by the educated young. C. Most jobs to be done will be creative ones D. Skills are highly valued regardless of age 【答案】4. B 5. A 6. C 7. D 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了目前随着技术的进步，21世纪工作的特点是无论年龄大小，技能都变得很重要。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled. The consequences, for individual and society, are profound.”可知，快速的技术进步提高了高技能人才的收入，同时压缩了非熟练人才的收入。其后果对个人和社会都是深远的。由此可知，高速科技的发展深化了贫富差距。故选B项。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth,”可知，20世纪的经验是，更长的寿命意味着更多的退休时间，而不是更多的工作时间，这让许多观察人士相信，这种转变将导致经济增长放缓。由此可知，许多专家鉴于20世纪的经验看，未来的经历发展速度将变得缓慢。故选A项。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段终的“Many European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire early. Rising life expectancy, combined with the replacement of generous defined-benefit pension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement.”可知，许多欧洲政府已经放弃了鼓励人们提前退休的政策。预期寿命的增加，加上慷慨的固定收益养老金计划被不那么慷慨的固定缴款养老金计划所取代，意味着即使是较富裕的人也必须工作更长时间才能享受舒适的退休生活。由此可知，欧洲国家政策变化的结果是，即使是富人也必须延长工作时间，才能在退休后舒适地生活。故选C项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Technological change may well strengthen that shift: the skills that make up for computers, from management knowhow to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age.”可知，技术变革很可能会加强这种转变：从管理技能到创造力，弥补计算机的技能不一定会随着年龄的增长而衰退。由此可知，21世纪工作的特点是无论年龄大小，技能都很重要。故选D项。 The Price of Gold For decades gold miners have pillaged the lush Peruvian Amazon forest of Madre de Dios in search of the precious metal. Now a study reports that illegal mining is sharply on the rise despite the local government’s efforts to curb it and this is taking a heavy toll on the ecosystem. In 2012 the Peruvian government announced a lot of legal decrees to defend Madre de Dios — considered the country’s biodiversity capital — against miners. Authorities conducted raids, dismantled clandestine camps, and regulated fuel and supply traffic. Despite the crackdown, the total mining area had increased by about 40 percent (to around 170,000 acres) just four years later. According to the most comprehensive analysis to date, the practice — possibly enabled by poor control of the region and greater highway access — extended into at least one of the forest’s two national reserves, protected areas where mining is prohibited. Extracting gold from rock can contaminate the environment. Illegal mining activities often use liquid mercury, a toxic (有毒的) chemical that can drip into the soil or be burned off and released as toxic fumes. And the consequences of illegal mining go well beyond those of the extraction process. Miners often chop down thousands of acres of forest with heavy machinery that scars the landscape. “You can see those dredging machines sucking silt (淤泥) from the river, hear their engines,” says Raul Tupayachi, a Peruvian biologist at the Carnegie Institution for Science and a co-author of the study. “We hoped our data would show a drop in deforestation rates after the government actions tried to curb mining activities,” he says. “But we saw that, in the long run, they haven’t really made much of an impact.” The study, which analyzed satellite images taken between 1999 and 2016 and was published last August in Environmental Research Letters, found an initial decline in deforestation after the government’s actions in 2012. By 2013, however, forest loss rates had ballooned. New mines started to appear in the following years. They invaded protected areas such as the Tambopata National Reserve — home to the indigenous Ese Ejja, Quechua and Aymara peoples, as well as brightly colored macaws, giant river otters and jaguars. By 2016 mining operations had cut down at least 1,287 acres of forest within the reserve. William Llactayo, a geographical engineer at Peru’s Ministry of Environment, who did not take part in the work, says the study comes at a critical time. “If the mining trend continues,” Llactayo says, “a lot of these areas will be irreversibly degraded in the years to come.” 8. The underlined phrase “taking a heavy toll on” is closest in meaning to ______. A. contributing to B. negatively impacting on C. falling victim to D. taking full advantage of 9. How does illegal mining influence the ecosystem? A. By polluting and deforesting the land. B. By extracting precious gold from rock. C. By burning and releasing toxic fumes. D. By turning forests into farmland. 10. How does Raul Tupayachi feel when he is making the comment? A. Anxious. B. Hopeful. C. Disappointed. D. Surprised. 11. According to William Llactayo, the phenomenon revealed in the study report is ______. A. important B. continuous C. irreversible D. alarming 【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了秘鲁的非法采矿对生态的危害。 【8题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段“For decades gold miners have pillaged the lush Peruvian Amazon forest of Madre de Dios in search of the precious metal. Now a study reports that illegal mining is sharply on the rise despite the local government’s efforts to curb it and this is taking a heavy toll on the ecosystem. (几十年来，金矿工人一直在马德雷德迪奥斯郁郁葱葱的秘鲁亚马逊森林中寻找贵金属。现在一项研究报告称，尽管当地政府努力遏制非法采矿，但非法采矿仍在急剧上升，这正在taking a heavy toll on生态系统)”以及第二段“In 2012 the Peruvian government announced a lot of legal decrees to defend Madre de Dios — considered the country’s biodiversity capital — against miners. (2012年，秘鲁政府宣布了许多法令，以保护被认为是该国生物多样性之都的马德雷德迪奥斯免受矿工的侵害)”可知，矿工在亚马逊森林中寻找贵金属，该国生物多样性之都的马德雷德迪奥斯遭受侵害，非法采矿仍在急剧上升，这会对生态系统造成严重破坏，划线短语表示“对……产生负面影响”，与negatively impacting on意义相近。故选B。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Extracting gold from rock can contaminate the environment. Illegal mining activities often use liquid mercury, a toxic chemical that can drip into the soil or be burned off and released as toxic fumes. And the consequences of illegal mining go well beyond those of the extraction process. Miners often chop down thousands of acres of forest with heavy machinery that scars the landscape. (从岩石中提取黄金会污染环境。非法采矿活动经常使用液态汞，这是一种有毒化学物质，可以滴入土壤或被焚烧并释放为有毒烟雾。非法采矿的后果远远超出了开采过程。矿工们经常用重型机械砍伐数千英亩的森林，给景观留下伤痕)”可知，由于污染环境和砍伐森林，非法采矿对生态系统产生影响。故选A。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段““You can see those dredging machines sucking silt from the river, hear their engines,” says Raul Tupayachi, a Peruvian biologist at the Carnegie Institution for Science and a co-author of the study. “We hoped our data would show a drop in deforestation rates after the government actions tried to curb mining activities,” he says. “But we saw that, in the long run, they haven’t really made much of an impact.” (卡耐基科学研究所的秘鲁生物学家、该研究的合著者Raul Tupayachi说：“你可以看到那些疏浚机从河里吸出淤泥，听到它们的引擎声。”。他说：“我们希望我们的数据能显示，在政府采取行动遏制采矿活动后，森林砍伐率有所下降。”。“但我们看到，从长远来看，它们并没有真正产生太大影响。”)”可知，Raul Tupayachi表示政府采取行动后，虽然森林砍伐率有所下降，但是从长远来看，它们并没有真正产生太大影响，由此可推知，Raul Tupayachi发表评论时是感觉失望的。故选C。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“William Llactayo, a geographical engineer at Peru’s Ministry of Environment, who did not take part in the work, says the study comes at a critical time. “If the mining trend continues,” Llactayo says, “a lot of these areas will be irreversibly degraded in the years to come.” (秘鲁环境部的地理工程师William Llactayo没有参与这项工作，他说这项研究是在一个关键时刻进行的。“如果采矿趋势继续下去，”Llactayo说，“在未来几年，许多地区将不可逆转地退化。”)”可知，根据William Llactayo的说法，如果采矿趋势继续下去，在未来几年，许多地区将不可逆转地退化，由此可推知，研究报告中揭示的现象是令人担忧的。故选D。 It is universally acknowledged that renewable energy sources such as solar, wind and hydropower are all much better for the climate than fossil fuels. It is true for wind and solar. However, the picture for hydropower is more complicated than we think. A new study by the Environmental Defense Fund analyzed the climate impacts of 1,500 hydropower facilities across the globe. That accounts for about half of hydropower generation worldwide. The researchers looked at whether the facilities behave as a greenhouse gas sink or as a source. To figure this out, they looked into all the different components that help determine a hydropower facility's greenhouse gas emissions (排放). “There are so many contributors to greenhouse gas emissions from hydropower — but essentially, the majority of greenhouse gas emissions arise from the reservoir (水库) itself, as vegetation and soils are submerged underwater in the dam that is used for the hydropower generation.” said lissa Ocko, a senior climate scientist at the Environmental Defense Fund and co-author of the study. As the submerged vegetation breaks down, it releases greenhouse gases such as CO2. “The larger the surface area of the reservoir, the more greenhouse gases are going to be given out from that reservoir. Also, the temperature plays a role as well how warm the reservoir is will affect how much greenhouse gases are produced and given out from the reservoir.” added Ocko. Through their analysis, Ocko and her co-author Steven Hamburg, also with the Environmental Defense Fund, discovered that the climate impacts of hydropower cover a complete range. The good news is that some facilities perform just as well as wind and solar. But shockingly, more than 100 facilities are actually worse for the climate than fossil fuels. The study is in the journal Environmental Science and Technology. This finding doesn't mean we should forget about hydropower. “But we just need to be careful to make sure that we have climate benefits. There are a lot of situations where hydropower can be equal to wind and solar. So it really depends on the specific facility." said Ocko. 12. How do scientists prove hydropower facilities' effect on the climate? A. By making comparisons. B. By conducting experiments. C. By referring to previous studies. D. By analyzing causes and effects. 13. What are the main sources of greenhouse gases from hydropower? A. Vegetation and soils. B. Heat and sunlight. C. Pollutants in the reservoir. D. Components of the generators. 14. What have Ocko and her co-author Steven Hamburg found? A. The surface area of a reservoir decides the climate. B. Hydropower often influences the climate in all aspects. C. Some facilities perform much better than wind and solar. D. Fossil fuels are worse for the climate than over 100 facilities. 15. What is the text mainly about? A. Scientists urge an end to hydropower. B. Hydropower is not necessarily green. C. Hydropower is worse than fossil fuels. D. Renewable energy is a complicated issue. 【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. B 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一项新的研究，主要研究水力发电对气候的影响，并得出结论并不是所有水力发电都是清洁能源。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“The researchers looked at whether the facilities behave as a greenhouse gas sink or as a source. To figure this out, they looked into all the different components that help determine a hydropower facility's greenhouse gas emissions (排放). （研究人员观察了这些设施是作为温室气体汇还是作为温室气体源。为了弄清楚这一点，他们研究了所有有助于确定水力发电设施温室气体排放的不同组成部分。） ”由此可知研究人员是通过分析原因和结果来证明水电设施对气候的影响。故选D。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“ “There are so many contributors to greenhouse gas emissions from hydropower — but essentially, the majority of greenhouse gas emissions arise from the reservoir (水库) itself, as vegetation and soils are submerged underwater in the dam that is used for the hydropower generation.” said lissa Ocko, a senior climate scientist at the Environmental Defense Fund and co-author of the study. As the submerged vegetation breaks down, it releases greenhouse gases such as CO2.（水电排放的温室气体有很多，但基本上，大部分温室气体排放来自水库本身，因为用于水电发电的大坝将植被和土壤淹没在水下。环境保护基金(Environmental Defense Fund)的资深气候科学家、该研究的合著者丽莎·奥科(lissa Ocko)说。当被淹没的植被分解时，会释放出二氧化碳等温室气体。） ”由此可知，水电排放的温室气体主要来源是植被和土壤，故选A。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“Through their analysis, Ocko and her co-author Steven Hamburg, also with the Environmental Defense Fund, discovered that the climate impacts of hydropower cover a complete range.（通过他们的分析，Ocko和她的合著者Steven Hamburg(也是环境保护基金的成员)发现，水力发电对气候的影响涵盖了一个完整的范围。） ”由此可知Ocko和她的合著者Steven Hamburg发现水力发电对气候的影响包含各个方面，故选B。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“It is universally acknowledged that renewable energy sources such as solar, wind and hydropower are all much better for the climate than fossil fuels. It is true for wind and solar. However, the picture for hydropower is more complicated than we think.（众所周知，太阳能、风能和水力发电等可再生能源对气候的影响都比化石燃料好得多。风能和太阳能也是如此。然而，水电的前景比我们想象的要复杂得多。） ”以及下文的研究描述，可知水电对气候的影响很多，并不一定都是绿色的，故选B。 Wisdom is not just a good quality. ___16___ When things get really wild out there, you can always rely on your wisdom to make the best choices. Here are some strategies that you can use to get wiser. Try experiencing new opportunities. Experiencing new opportunities is how you gain wisdom. You will never grow from being in your comfort zone, which is why you need to get out of it. You can try learning new skills that you never thought of learning or going to places that were on your bucket list. ___17___ Learn and grow from your mistakes. All of us make mistakes in life, but it is the acknowledgment of mistakes that makes us grow and do better next time. Whenever we make a mistake, we should learn from it. ___18___ Stop blaming other people for your mistakes and admit where you went wrong. Never back away from learning. You must be the kind of person who learns something new every day, and you must develop a thirst for knowledge. Take classes, read books, listen to educational podcasts, and the list goes on and on. ___19___ In the end, you will be able to tackle a problem from different perspectives, making everything easier. Call upon the wisdom of others. You obviously want to grow and do better in life, right? The best way to do that is to have wise people as your coaches. ___20___ Find out what makes them wiser than you, then engage in useful dialogue with them. The more time you spend with them, the more transfer of knowledge there will be. A. All of these activities will strengthen your critical-thinking skills. B. Change your routine and see where life takes you, then take control! C. We can reflect on what made us fail so that we may improve ourselves. D. It is a wonderful build-up of experience, knowledge, and good judgement. E. They can be teachers, family members, colleagues, and even special friends. F. We should develop our curiosity, and observe the world from different angles. G. Communicate with others, and help them out, which will increase your wisdom. 【答案】16. D 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. E 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了智慧的重要性，并给出了一些使人变得更明智的策略。 【16题详解】 根据上文“Wisdom is not just a good quality.(智慧不仅仅是一种良好的品质。)”可知，智慧不仅仅是好品质，D选项（它是经验、知识和良好判断的精彩积累。）承接上文，具体解释了智慧的含义，指出智慧是经验、知识和良好判断的积累。故选D项。 【17题详解】 根据上文“You can try learning new skills that you never thought of learning or going to places that were on your bucket list.(你可以尝试学习你从未想过要学习的新技能，或者去你一直想去的地方。)”可知，上文提到要尝试新技能和去想去的地方，B选项（改变你的日常习惯，看看生活会把你带到哪里，然后掌控它！）承接上文，建议改变日常习惯，掌控生活，与上文提到的尝试新事物相呼应。故选B项。 【18题详解】 根据上文“Learn and grow from your mistakes. All of us make mistakes in life, but it is the acknowledgment of mistakes that makes us grow and do better next time. Whenever we make a mistake, we should learn from it.(从错误中学习和成长。我们所有人在生活中都会犯错误，但正是对错误的承认让我们成长，并在下次做得更好。每当我们犯错误时，我们都应该从中学习。)”可知，上文提到要从错误中学习，C选项（我们可以反思是什么导致了我们失败，这样我们就可以提高自己。）承接上文，进一步说明如何从错误中学习，即反思失败的原因以提高自己。故选C项。 【19题详解】 根据下文“In the end, you will be able to tackle a problem from different perspectives, making everything easier.(最终，你将能够从不同的角度解决问题，使一切变得更容易。)”可知，最终能够从不同的角度解决问题，A选项（所有这些活动都将增强你的批判性思维能力。）引起下文，学习新知识等活动能够增强批判性思维能力，从而有助于从不同角度解决问题。故选A项。 【20题详解】 根据上文“Call upon the wisdom of others. You obviously want to grow and do better in life, right? The best way to do that is to have wise people as your coaches.(借鉴他人的智慧。你显然想在生活中成长并做得更好，对吧？做到这一点的最好方法是让智者成为你的教练。)”可知，上文提到要借鉴他人的智慧，让智者成为教练，E选项（他们可以是老师、家庭成员、同事，甚至是特别的朋友。）承接上文，具体说明了智者可以是哪些人，与上文提到的让智者成为教练相呼应。故选E项。 三、完形填空 Miller’s black shirt is his favorite. He’s had it for eight years, but he never thought it would one day come in handy when saving a life. One Saturday, Miller was on his way home on his motorcycle when the traffic ____21____ in front of him. Miller stopped and was ____22____ to know what was causing the traffic jam. “I went to see why everyone was stopping and found a bald eagle in the middle of the road,” Miller said. “Another person was there and he gave the bird a ____23____ to see if she would walk or fly away. She spread her ____24____ but was unable to go anywhere.” The bird was too badly hurt to ____25____. As an animal lover, Miller knew he had to help the bird that was ____26____. So he took off his favorite shirt and threw it over the eagle. To his ____27____, the eagle remained calm as he ____28____ her in the shirt. Once Miller had moved the eagle out of the ____29____, he called 911 and eventually got in touch with a local recovery center for ____30____ birds. Miller held the 15-pound bird for about 45 minutes while ____31____ rescue staff to arrive. But the time seemed to pass quickly. “I wasn’t really thinking about it when I was ____32____ her,” Miller said. “I was just trying to keep her calm and make sure she knows she’s ____33____, and I wasn’t going to drop her.” After a few days’ ____34____, the rescuers are confident that the bald eagle will finally be able to return into the wild. As for Miller’s favorite shirt, it has some blood on it, but Miller knows it was used for a good cause—and he will surely be ____35____ it again. 21. A. signaled B. passed C. slowed D. reduced 22. A. scared B. shocked C. upset D. excited 23. A. hit B. glance C. smile D. push 24. A. toes B. tails C. wings D. neck 25. A. fly B. eat C. fight D. scream 26. A. cute B. injured C. shy D. endangered 27. A. credit B. annoyance C. surprise D. relief 28. A. saved B. wrapped C. buried D. hid 29. A. road B. motorcycle C. car D. shirt 30. A. young B. wild C. rare D. strong 31. A. cheering up B. calling up C. seeing to D. waiting for 32. A. holding B. facing C. checking D. catching 33. A. clever B. fierce C. weak D. secure 34. A. judgement B. suffering C. treatment D. protection 35. A. wearing B. throwing C. polluting D. washing 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述的是Miller用他的黑衬衫救助了一只受伤的秃鹰的故事。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个星期六，Miller骑着摩托车在回家的路上，突然他前面的交通慢了下来。A. signaled发信号；B. passed经过；C. slowed（使）减速；D. reduced减少。根据下文“Miller stopped”和“everyone was stopping”可知，Miller前面的交通慢了下来，所以他才停了下来。故选C。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Miller停了下来，惊讶地发现是什么导致了交通堵塞。A. scared害怕的；B. shocked惊讶的；C. upset不安的；D. excited兴奋的。根据下文“found a bald eagle in the middle of the road”可知，路上有一只秃鹰，他感到惊讶。故选B。 23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一个人在那里，他推了鸟儿一下，看它是走还是飞。A. hit打；B. glance一瞥；C. smile微笑；D. push推。根据下文“to see if she would walk or fly away”可知，他推了一下那只鸟。故选D。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她展开翅膀，但哪儿也去不了。A. toes脚趾；B. tails尾巴；C. wings翅膀；D. neck脖子。根据上文“spread her”可知，那只鸟是展开翅膀。故选C。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那只鸟伤得太重，飞不起来了。A. fly飞；B. eat吃；C. fight打架；D. scream尖叫。根据上文“unable to go anywhere”和“too badly hurt”可知，那只鸟伤得太重，飞不起来了。故选A。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一个动物爱好者，Miller知道他必须帮助这只受伤的鸟。A. cute可爱的；B. injured受伤的；C. shy害羞的；D. endangered濒危的。根据上文“too badly hurt”可知，那只鸟受伤很严重。故选B。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：令他惊讶的是，当他把鹰裹在衬衫里时，它保持了冷静。A. credit学分；B. annoyance烦恼；C. surprise惊讶；D. relief宽慰，轻松。根据上文“he took off his favorite shirt and threw it over the eagle”和下文“the eagle remained calm”可知，当他把鹰裹在衬衫里时，它保持了冷静，这让他惊讶。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：令他惊讶的是，当他把鹰裹在衬衫里时，它保持了冷静。A. saved救；B. wrapped包，裹；C. buried埋；D. hid躲藏。根据下文“her in the shirt”可知，他是用衬衫来包裹住那只鸟。故选B。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Miller把老鹰从路上移开后，立即拨打了911，并最终与当地的野生鸟类康复中心取得了联系。A. road马路；B. motorcycle摩托车；C. car汽车；D. shirt衬衣。根据第二段“a bald eagle in the middle of the road”和上文“moved the eagle out of the”可知，原本秃鹰是在路中间，所以他把秃鹰从路上移开。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Miller把老鹰从路上移开后，立即拨打了911，并最终与当地的野生鸟类康复中心取得了联系。A. young年轻的；B. wild野生的；C. rare稀有的；D. strong强大的。根据下文“the rescuers are confident that the bald eagle will finally be able to return into the wild”和常识可知，秃鹰是野生动物，所以他是与当地的野生鸟类康复中心取得了联系。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：Miller抱着这只15磅重的鸟等了大约45分钟，等待救援人员的到来。A. cheering up使高兴起来；B. calling up打电话；C. seeing to照料，负责；D. waiting for等待。根据下文“rescue staff to arrive”可知，他是等待救援人员的到来。故选D。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我抱着她的时候，我并没有想过这个问题。A. holding抱着；B. facing面对；C. checking检查；D. catching抓住。根据上文“Miller held the 15-pound bird”可知，他是抱着那只秃鹰。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我只是想让她冷静下来让她知道自己很安全，我不会丢下她的。A. clever聪明的；B. fierce凶猛的；C. weak虚弱的；D. secure安全的。根据下文“I wasn’t going to drop her”可知，作者不会丢下那只秃鹰，所以她是安全的。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过几天的治疗，救援人员相信这只秃鹰最终能够回归野外。A. judgement判断；B. suffering痛苦；C. treatment治疗；D. protection保护。根据第5空前“The bird was too badly hurt”和下文“the rescuers are confident that the bald eagle will finally be able to return into the wild”可知，那只秃鹰伤得很重，在经过治疗后，救援人员相信这只秃鹰最终能够回归野外。故选C。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：至于Miller最喜欢的那件衬衫，上面有血迹，但Miller知道这件衬衫是用来做善事的——他肯定会再穿这件衬衫的。A. wearing穿；B. throwing扔；C. polluting污染；D. washing洗。根据上文“As for Miller’s favorite shirt”可知，虽然那件衬衫上有血迹，但是米勒还会再穿那件衬衫。故选A。 四、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Known for its beautiful scenery, Mount Wuyi is the only place in the country ___36___ is home to Wuyi rock tea. With tea farming dating back over 1,000 years, the mountain’s tea industry has a rich history. The area ___37___ (provide) tea for people at home and abroad since the first century CE, and in the ___38___ (eighteen) century, Wuyi rock tea was the most popular tea in Europe. However, its ___39___ (popular) was gained at the cost of the local environment. Illegal land reclamation (开垦) of tea mountains and the destruction (破坏) of plant resources have occurred frequently, ___40___ (damage) the environment in the area around Mount Wuyi. The need to strike a balance between farmers’ livelihoods and the local environment has appeared as ___41___ unique challenge for the Wuyishan National Park, which covers 1,280 square kilometers as it straddles (横跨) the eastern provinces of Fujian and Jiangxi. ___42___ (found) in 2021, it was among the first batch of China’s national parks. The park has a tea farming area of 34.54 square kilometers, accounting ___43___ 2.7 percent of its total expanse. The ___44___ (authority) have cooperated with tea experts to develop measures for the protection and improvement of the Mount Wuyi tea industry and biodiversity, ensuring the sector’s sustainability for generations ____45____ (come). 【答案】36. that 37. has been providing##has provided 38. eighteenth 39. popularity 40. damaging 41 a 42. Founded 43. for 44. authorities 45. to come 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。武夷山是武夷岩茶在中国的唯一产地，但当地的环境却受到了破坏，为了在农民生计和当地环境之间取得平衡，武夷山国家公园旨在发展可持续的茶叶产业。 【36题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：武夷山以其美丽的风景而闻名，是全国唯一一个武夷岩茶的故乡。所填词在此处引导的是一个限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，又因为其先行词 place 被the only修饰，应用关系代词that。故填that。 【37题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：自公元一世纪以来，该地区为国内外的人们提供茶叶，在18世纪，武夷岩茶是欧洲最受欢迎的茶。分析句子可知，空格处是句子的谓语部分，根据时间状语since the first century CE可知，该空用现在完成进行时或现在完成时。故填has been providing/has provided。 【38题详解】 考查序数词。句意同上题。根据空前的定冠词the可知，该空用所给基数词的序数词，in the eighteenth century表示“在18世纪”。故填eighteenth。 【39题详解】 考查名词。句意：但是，它的流行是以当地的环境为代价换来的。分析句子可知，空格处为是句子的主语，用所给形容词popular的名词形式popularity，不可数，故填popularity。 【40题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：非法开垦茶山填海造地和对植物资源的破坏经常发生，毁坏了武夷山一带的环境。分析句子可知，空格处为句子的结果状语，应使用现在分词表示自然而然的结果，故填damaging。 【41题详解】 考查冠词。句意：对占地1280平方公里的武夷山国家公园来说，在农民生计和当地环境之间取得平衡是一个独特的挑战。分析句子可知，challenge 是单数可数名词，表示泛指空格处缺少冠词，且unique是以辅音音素开头的单词，故该空用不定冠词a。故填a。 【42题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它成立于2021年，是中国首批国家公园之一。分析该句成分可知，此处是句子的状语部分，所填词与该句的主语it存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故该空用所给动词的过去分词founded，位于句首首字母大写。故填Founded。 【43题详解】 考查介词。句意：茶园面积34.54平方公里，占总面积的2.7%。分析句子可知，空格处缺少介词，构成固定短语account for意为“占比……”，故填for。 【44题详解】 考查可数名词复数。句意：当局与茶叶专家合作，制定保护和改善武夷山茶叶产业和生物多样性的措施，确保该部门世世代代的可持续性。分析句子可知，空格处为句子主语，authority是一个可数名词，又根据后面的助动词have可知，该空用所给名词的复数形式authorities。故填authorities。 【45题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意同上题。分析句子可知，空格处为后置定语修饰名词generations，表示将来，用动词不定式，故填to come。 五、书信写作 46. 假定你是李华，你从网上得知学校附近一家英文书店现正在招聘一名周末兼职服务员，请你根据以下要点给留学生好友Tom发送一封邮件： 1.获知消息，告知Tom； 2.建议Tom接受这项工作； 3.Tom拥有的优势。 注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Tom, Learning from the Internet that an English bookstore near our school is looking for a part-time shop assistant who can work at weekends, I think you are a suitable person for the job. First of all, taking the job, you’ll have a chance to read books freely and gain more knowledge, which will help you a lot in your study. Secondly, it is better for you to make more friends, with whom you can share your joy and sorrow. In addition, your fluent English and having a good command of English culture make it easy for you to communicate with customers. Furthermore, there will make an interview on May 20. If it appeals to you, you may as well go and have a try. Should you need any help, please let me know. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给留学生好友Tom发送一封邮件，建议他周末兼职服务员。 【详解】1.词汇积累 寻找：search for→look for 合适的：appropriate→suitable 吸引：attract→appeal to 此外：besides→in addition 2.句式拓展 同义句替换 原句：Learning from the Internet that an English bookstore near our school is looking for a part-time shop assistant who can work at weekends, I think you are a suitable person for the job. 拓展句：Since I learned that an English bookstore near our school is looking for a part-time shop assistant who can work at weekends, I think you are a suitable person for the job. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Learning from the Internet that an English bookstore near our school is looking for a part-time shop assistant who can work at weekends, I think you are a suitable person for the job. (运用了who引导定语从句) [高分句型2] In addition, your fluent English and having a good command of English culture make it easy for you to communicate with customers. (运用了it作形式宾语) 六、书面表达 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 “Hmm,” Michael Armus muttered to himself. He’d just set foot into the Bank of the West in Woodland, California, and felt the tension. “Something is not right.” It was a little before 11 am on a sunny May morning, and the 69-year-old retired auto body painter was there to deposit a check. Normally, whenever Armus visited, he’d be greeted with loud words of “Hi, Mr. Armus!” from the tellers. However, none of the tellers acknowledged and welcomed him on that day. As Armus approached the teller windows, he noticed the three employees had similar worried looks on their faces. He heard one teller whisper to another, “He’s got a note.” Armus looked to his left and noticed a man at another window with his striped T-shirt pulled up to partially cover his face. The man’s hands trembled as he clutched the note, and Armus could see a glimpse of a small object that looked like a gun tucked into his waistband. “This is a robbery,” thought Armus. He heard the man say, “I don’t want to hurt anybody.” Minutes earlier, the man had passed a note to the teller, demanding cash and saying he had a gun. “I’ve seen this guy!” thought Armus. He recognized the would-be robber as someone he’d passed several times on a street corner reading aloud from his Bible. Armus remembered the man’s intense gaze and the gentle way he spoke about his beliefs, often stopping to engage with anyone who showed the slightest interest. It was clear that the man was deeply passionate about his faith, and Armus had always admired his dedication. Suddenly, instead of being frightened, Armus felt compassion for him, and a thought popped into his head: Maybe I can help. He walked over to the man, 43-year-old Edward, and calmly asked, “What’s wrong? Don’t you have a job?” Shocked, Edward looked at Armus and exclaimed, “There is nothing in this town for me. Nothing!” Then, with tears streaming down his face, he said, “I just want to go to prison.” 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 “Let the police arrest me,” Edward shouted. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Edward began to sob in Armus’s hug. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: “Let the police arrest me,” Edward shouted. His voice trembled with a mixture of desperation and relief. Tellers were silent and did not know what to do next. Michael Armus stood nearby, his heart heavy, but his resolve to help him was firm. He gently placed a hand on Edward’s shoulder, trying to convey a sense of calm and understanding. “It doesn’t matter, bro,” Armus said softly, “We’ll get through this together.” Then, Armus pulled Edward into his arms. Edward began to sob in Armus’s hug. His tears streamed down his face as the weight of his despair finally found an outlet. Armus held him tightly, whispering words of comfort and reassurance, reminding him that it was never too late to start a new life. As Edward’s sobs stopped, he looked up at Armus with gratitude. He realized that in his darkest hour, he had found a beacon of hope and compassion. With newfound determination, Edward agreed to surrender peacefully, knowing that there was a brighter future waiting for him beyond the shadows of his past. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了69岁的Armus去银行存支票时，意外遇见一名男子持枪抢劫。他认出抢劫者Edward是常年在街头读《圣经》的熟人。Armus没有害怕，而是对这位陷入绝望的抢劫者产生了同情。面对情绪崩溃的Edward，Armus走上前拥抱他，轻声安慰。这个充满同情的拥抱让Edward放下戒备，最终选择自首。 【详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“‘让警察逮捕我吧。’Edward喊道。”和第二段首句中的“Armus的拥抱”可知，第一段可描写面对情绪崩溃的Edward，Armus选择帮助他，上前拥抱他，给予安慰。 ②由第二段首句内容“Edward在Armus的拥抱中抽泣起来”可知，第二段可描写Edward哭泣着宣泄自己的绝望，Armus进一步给予他希望，Edward选择自首，对Armus充满感激，内心期待着未来的光明。 2. 续写线索：Edward绝望哭喊——Armus选择帮助Edward——Armus给予拥抱和安慰——Edward抽泣——Armus进一步安慰——Edward选择自首，重拾希望 3. 词汇激活 行类 ①帮助：help/assist/aid ②重要：matter/count ③低声说：whisper/murmur/mutter ④意识到：realize/recognize 情绪类 ①绝望：desperation/despair/depression ②感激：gratitude/gratefulness ③同情：compassion/empathy/sympathy 【点睛】[高分句型1] Michael Armus stood nearby, his heart heavy, but his resolve to help him was firm. (独立主格结构作状语) [高分句型2] Armus held him tightly, whispering words of comfort and reassurance, reminding him that it was never too late to start a new life. (两个现在分词短语分别作状语、that引导宾语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 湖南省常德市汉寿县第一中学2025—2026学年 高三上学期期末考试英语试卷 一、听力选择题 1．Where are the speakers? A．In a library. B．In a classroom. C．In a bookstore. 2．What does the man think of Lang Ping? A．She is only well known in China. B．She is famous all over the world. C．She is one of the tallest women volleyball coaches in the world 3．What time is it now? A．9:35. B．9:20. C．9:05. 4．What will the weather be like next week? A．Cloudy. B．Sunny. C．Rainy. 5．What will the man do this Tuesday? A．Deliver a speech. B．Meet his lawyer. C．Hold a conference. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6．What does the man’s brother think of Mr. Williams? A．He’s talented. B．He’s strict. C．He’s humorous. 7．What would Mr. Williams like his students to do? A．Talk with native speakers. B．Join the Spanish club. C．Speak Spanish loudly. 听下面一段对话，回答以下问题。 8．What will Jane do? A．Make a journey. B．Change a room. C．Buy a ticket. 9．Why did the man fail to tell Jane the news yesterday? A．He couldn’t reach her. B．He forgot to do it. C．He was busy. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 10．Why did the man go to Rome? A．To go on a business trip. B．To take a vacation. C．To attend a party. 11．What did the man do first in Paris? A．He toured a college. B．He went to the Louvre. C．He visited the Eiffel Tower. 12．What made the man surprised about the Mona Lisa? A．The smile of Mona Lisa. B．The skill of the painter. C．The size of the painting. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 13．Why is Lucy interested in reading novels? A．It improves her writing skills. B．It helps her learn new languages. C．It lets her experience different worlds. 14．Which of the following might Tom try if he had time? A．Playing ball games. B．Learning to paint. C．Making DIY crafts. 15．What does Lucy suggest doing together in the future? A．Sharing their favorite songs. B．Joining a reading club. C．Going to a concert. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 16．What made Mandy develop a deeper love for Italian culture? A．Studying art. B．Eating local foods. C．Visiting tourist attractions. 17．What is Mandy probably excited to do in China? A．Learn Chinese. B．Have Chinese tea. C．Take a cooking class. 18．Why does Mandy want to write a book? A．To introduce Chinese traditions. B．To share her cooking experiences. C．To encourage others to explore cultures. 二、阅读理解 If you’re concerned about the cost of gas and the environmental impact of gas-powered cars, and don’t want to worry about the charging challenges associated with the pure electric vehicle (EV), it’s time to take a closer look at a hybrid (混合的) electric vehicle (HEV). While salespeople might simply advise you to “plug in daily and use gas for longer trips,” understanding the underlying mechanics is key to determining if an HEV truly fits your needs. Essentially, an HEV offers you the best of gas cars and EVs. An HEV has two sources of power: an internal combustion (燃烧) engine (ICE) and at least one electric motor. There are two main types of HEV: parallel (并联式) hybrid and series hybrid. The parallel hybrid (PHEV) aims to keep the core designs of the conventional gas-powered vehicles while lowering the operation costs and improving the environmental performance. Reduced to its basics, its system uses ICE and electric motors to power the wheels — either together or independently. This structure performs reliably on long-distance journeys and complex road conditions, where the combustion engine operates efficiently. In the case of series hybrid (SHEV), the vehicle runs only on electricity, which is from the battery. When the battery is exhausted, the ICE switches on — not to drive the wheels directly, but to power the generator and charge the battery. This setup offers smoother and quieter driving operation which is similar to pure electric vehicles. It’s generally more eco-friendly, and further reduces the cost of use. In today’s market, conventional gas cars are going significantly cheaper, while stylish pure electric vehicles have become symbols of modern status. The HEV, striking a practical balance between these two extremes, certainly deserves a closer look. Properties Parallel Hybrid Series hybrid Urban Efficiency Lower Higher Highway Efficiency Higher Lower Fuel Consumption Higher Lower Power Performance Higher Lower Sales Price Lower Higher 1. What is an advantage of HEVs compared with other types of vehicles? A. They’re simpler in design. B. They’re cheaper to purchase. C. They’re more eco-friendly. D. They’re more practical to use. 2. What does the ICE in a series hybrid car directly work on? A. Replacing the generator. B. Driving the wheels. C. Starting the electric motor. D. Charging the battery. 3. In which aspect are PHEVs generally better than SHEVs? A. Mountain road driving. B. In-city transportation. C. Waste gases production. D. Vehicle running costs. Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled. Some 65% of American men aged 62-74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with 32% of men with only a high-school certificate. This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-education well off and the unskilled poor. Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled. The consequences, for individual and society, are profound. The world is facing as astonishing rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever before. Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion. The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems. But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled. Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer. The divide is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers (二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人) are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce. Policy is partly responsible. Many European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire early. Rising life expectancy, combined with the replacement of generous defined-benefit pension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement. But the changing nature of work also plays a big role. Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to get rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the previous generation. Technological change may well strengthen that shift: the skills that make up for computers, from management knowhow to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age. 4. What has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor? A. Longer life expectancies. B. A rapid technological advance. C. Profound changes in the workforce. D. A growing number of the well-educated. 5. What do many observers predict in view of the experience of the 20th century? A. Economic growth will slow down. B Government budgets will increase C. More people will try to pursue higher education. D. There will be more competition in the job market. 6. What is the result of policy changes in European countries? A. Unskilled workers m ay choose to retire early. B More people have to receive in-service training. C Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement. D. People may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans. 7. What is characteristic of work in the 21st century? A. Computers will do more complicated work. B. More will be taken by the educated young. C. Most jobs to be done will be creative ones D. Skills are highly valued regardless of age The Price of Gold For decades gold miners have pillaged the lush Peruvian Amazon forest of Madre de Dios in search of the precious metal. Now a study reports that illegal mining is sharply on the rise despite the local government’s efforts to curb it and this is taking a heavy toll on the ecosystem. In 2012 the Peruvian government announced a lot of legal decrees to defend Madre de Dios — considered the country’s biodiversity capital — against miners. Authorities conducted raids, dismantled clandestine camps, and regulated fuel and supply traffic. Despite the crackdown, the total mining area had increased by about 40 percent (to around 170,000 acres) just four years later. According to the most comprehensive analysis to date, the practice — possibly enabled by poor control of the region and greater highway access — extended into at least one of the forest’s two national reserves, protected areas where mining is prohibited. Extracting gold from rock can contaminate the environment. Illegal mining activities often use liquid mercury, a toxic (有毒的) chemical that can drip into the soil or be burned off and released as toxic fumes. And the consequences of illegal mining go well beyond those of the extraction process. Miners often chop down thousands of acres of forest with heavy machinery that scars the landscape. “You can see those dredging machines sucking silt (淤泥) from the river, hear their engines,” says Raul Tupayachi, a Peruvian biologist at the Carnegie Institution for Science and a co-author of the study. “We hoped our data would show a drop in deforestation rates after the government actions tried to curb mining activities,” he says. “But we saw that, in the long run, they haven’t really made much of an impact.” The study, which analyzed satellite images taken between 1999 and 2016 and was published last August in Environmental Research Letters, found an initial decline in deforestation after the government’s actions in 2012. By 2013, however, forest loss rates had ballooned. New mines started to appear in the following years. They invaded protected areas such as the Tambopata National Reserve — home to the indigenous Ese Ejja, Quechua and Aymara peoples, as well as brightly colored macaws, giant river otters and jaguars. By 2016 mining operations had cut down at least 1,287 acres of forest within the reserve. William Llactayo, a geographical engineer at Peru’s Ministry of Environment, who did not take part in the work, says the study comes at a critical time. “If the mining trend continues,” Llactayo says, “a lot of these areas will be irreversibly degraded in the years to come.” 8. The underlined phrase “taking a heavy toll on” is closest in meaning to ______. A. contributing to B. negatively impacting on C. falling victim to D. taking full advantage of 9. How does illegal mining influence the ecosystem? A. By polluting and deforesting the land. B. By extracting precious gold from rock. C. By burning and releasing toxic fumes. D. By turning forests into farmland. 10. How does Raul Tupayachi feel when he is making the comment? A. Anxious. B. Hopeful. C. Disappointed. D. Surprised. 11. According to William Llactayo, the phenomenon revealed in the study report is ______. A. important B. continuous C. irreversible D. alarming It is universally acknowledged that renewable energy sources such as solar, wind and hydropower are all much better for the climate than fossil fuels. It is true for wind and solar. However, the picture for hydropower is more complicated than we think. A new study by the Environmental Defense Fund analyzed the climate impacts of 1,500 hydropower facilities across the globe. That accounts for about half of hydropower generation worldwide. The researchers looked at whether the facilities behave as a greenhouse gas sink or as a source. To figure this out, they looked into all the different components that help determine a hydropower facility's greenhouse gas emissions (排放). “There are so many contributors to greenhouse gas emissions from hydropower — but essentially, the majority of greenhouse gas emissions arise from the reservoir (水库) itself, as vegetation and soils are submerged underwater in the dam that is used for the hydropower generation.” said lissa Ocko, a senior climate scientist at the Environmental Defense Fund and co-author of the study. As the submerged vegetation breaks down, it releases greenhouse gases such as CO2. “The larger the surface area of the reservoir, the more greenhouse gases are going to be given out from that reservoir. Also, the temperature plays a role as well how warm the reservoir is will affect how much greenhouse gases are produced and given out from the reservoir.” added Ocko. Through their analysis, Ocko and her co-author Steven Hamburg, also with the Environmental Defense Fund, discovered that the climate impacts of hydropower cover a complete range. The good news is that some facilities perform just as well as wind and solar. But shockingly, more than 100 facilities are actually worse for the climate than fossil fuels. The study is in the journal Environmental Science and Technology. This finding doesn't mean we should forget about hydropower. “But we just need to be careful to make sure that we have climate benefits. There are a lot of situations where hydropower can be equal to wind and solar. So it really depends on the specific facility." said Ocko. 12. How do scientists prove hydropower facilities' effect on the climate? A. By making comparisons. B. By conducting experiments. C. By referring to previous studies. D. By analyzing causes and effects. 13. What are the main sources of greenhouse gases from hydropower? A. Vegetation and soils. B. Heat and sunlight. C. Pollutants in the reservoir. D. Components of the generators. 14. What have Ocko and her co-author Steven Hamburg found? A. The surface area of a reservoir decides the climate. B. Hydropower often influences the climate in all aspects. C. Some facilities perform much better than wind and solar. D. Fossil fuels are worse for the climate than over 100 facilities. 15. What is the text mainly about? A. Scientists urge an end to hydropower. B. Hydropower is not necessarily green. C. Hydropower is worse than fossil fuels. D. Renewable energy is a complicated issue. Wisdom is not just a good quality. ___16___ When things get really wild out there, you can always rely on your wisdom to make the best choices. Here are some strategies that you can use to get wiser. Try experiencing new opportunities. Experiencing new opportunities is how you gain wisdom. You will never grow from being in your comfort zone, which is why you need to get out of it. You can try learning new skills that you never thought of learning or going to places that were on your bucket list. ___17___ Learn and grow from your mistakes. All of us make mistakes in life, but it is the acknowledgment of mistakes that makes us grow and do better next time. Whenever we make a mistake, we should learn from it. ___18___ Stop blaming other people for your mistakes and admit where you went wrong. Never back away from learning. You must be the kind of person who learns something new every day, and you must develop a thirst for knowledge. Take classes, read books, listen to educational podcasts, and the list goes on and on. ___19___ In the end, you will be able to tackle a problem from different perspectives, making everything easier. Call upon the wisdom of others. You obviously want to grow and do better in life, right? The best way to do that is to have wise people as your coaches. ___20___ Find out what makes them wiser than you, then engage in useful dialogue with them. The more time you spend with them, the more transfer of knowledge there will be. A. All of these activities will strengthen your critical-thinking skills. B. Change your routine and see where life takes you, then take control! C. We can reflect on what made us fail so that we may improve ourselves. D. It is a wonderful build-up of experience, knowledge, and good judgement. E. They can be teachers, family members, colleagues, and even special friends. F. We should develop our curiosity, and observe the world from different angles. G. Communicate with others, and help them out, which will increase your wisdom. 三、完形填空 Miller’s black shirt is his favorite. He’s had it for eight years, but he never thought it would one day come in handy when saving a life. One Saturday, Miller was on his way home on his motorcycle when the traffic ____21____ in front of him. Miller stopped and was ____22____ to know what was causing the traffic jam. “I went to see why everyone was stopping and found a bald eagle in the middle of the road,” Miller said. “Another person was there and he gave the bird a ____23____ to see if she would walk or fly away. She spread her ____24____ but was unable to go anywhere.” The bird was too badly hurt to ____25____. As an animal lover, Miller knew he had to help the bird that was ____26____. So he took off his favorite shirt and threw it over the eagle. To his ____27____, the eagle remained calm as he ____28____ her in the shirt. Once Miller had moved the eagle out of the ____29____, he called 911 and eventually got in touch with a local recovery center for ____30____ birds. Miller held the 15-pound bird for about 45 minutes while ____31____ rescue staff to arrive. But the time seemed to pass quickly. “I wasn’t really thinking about it when I was ____32____ her,” Miller said. “I was just trying to keep her calm and make sure she knows she’s ____33____, and I wasn’t going to drop her.” After a few days’ ____34____, the rescuers are confident that the bald eagle will finally be able to return into the wild. As for Miller’s favorite shirt, it has some blood on it, but Miller knows it was used for a good cause—and he will surely be ____35____ it again. 21. A. signaled B. passed C. slowed D. reduced 22. A. scared B. shocked C. upset D. excited 23. A. hit B. glance C. smile D. push 24. A. toes B. tails C. wings D. neck 25. A. fly B. eat C. fight D. scream 26. A. cute B. injured C. shy D. endangered 27. A. credit B. annoyance C. surprise D. relief 28. A. saved B. wrapped C. buried D. hid 29. A. road B. motorcycle C. car D. shirt 30. A. young B. wild C. rare D. strong 31. A. cheering up B. calling up C. seeing to D. waiting for 32. A. holding B. facing C. checking D. catching 33. A. clever B. fierce C. weak D. secure 34. A. judgement B. suffering C. treatment D. protection 35. A. wearing B. throwing C. polluting D. washing 四、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Known for its beautiful scenery, Mount Wuyi is the only place in the country ___36___ is home to Wuyi rock tea. With tea farming dating back over 1,000 years, the mountain’s tea industry has a rich history. The area ___37___ (provide) tea for people at home and abroad since the first century CE, and in the ___38___ (eighteen) century, Wuyi rock tea was the most popular tea in Europe. However, its ___39___ (popular) was gained at the cost of the local environment. Illegal land reclamation (开垦) of tea mountains and the destruction (破坏) of plant resources have occurred frequently, ___40___ (damage) the environment in the area around Mount Wuyi. The need to strike a balance between farmers’ livelihoods and the local environment has appeared as ___41___ unique challenge for the Wuyishan National Park, which covers 1,280 square kilometers as it straddles (横跨) the eastern provinces of Fujian and Jiangxi. ___42___ (found) in 2021, it was among the first batch of China’s national parks. The park has a tea farming area of 34.54 square kilometers, accounting ___43___ 2.7 percent of its total expanse. The ___44___ (authority) have cooperated with tea experts to develop measures for the protection and improvement of the Mount Wuyi tea industry and biodiversity, ensuring the sector’s sustainability for generations ____45____ (come). 五、书信写作 46. 假定你是李华，你从网上得知学校附近一家英文书店现正在招聘一名周末兼职服务员，请你根据以下要点给留学生好友Tom发送一封邮件： 1.获知消息，告知Tom； 2建议Tom接受这项工作； 3.Tom拥有的优势。 注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 六、书面表达 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 “Hmm,” Michael Armus muttered to himself. He’d just set foot into the Bank of the West in Woodland, California, and felt the tension. “Something is not right.” It was a little before 11 am on a sunny May morning, and the 69-year-old retired auto body painter was there to deposit a check. Normally, whenever Armus visited, he’d be greeted with loud words of “Hi, Mr. Armus!” from the tellers. However, none of the tellers acknowledged and welcomed him on that day. As Armus approached the teller windows, he noticed the three employees had similar worried looks on their faces. He heard one teller whisper to another, “He’s got a note.” Armus looked to his left and noticed a man at another window with his striped T-shirt pulled up to partially cover his face. The man’s hands trembled as he clutched the note, and Armus could see a glimpse of a small object that looked like a gun tucked into his waistband. “This is a robbery,” thought Armus. He heard the man say, “I don’t want to hurt anybody.” Minutes earlier, the man had passed a note to the teller, demanding cash and saying he had a gun. “I’ve seen this guy!” thought Armus. He recognized the would-be robber as someone he’d passed several times on a street corner reading aloud from his Bible. Armus remembered the man’s intense gaze and the gentle way he spoke about his beliefs, often stopping to engage with anyone who showed the slightest interest. It was clear that the man was deeply passionate about his faith, and Armus had always admired his dedication. Suddenly, instead of being frightened, Armus felt compassion for him, and a thought popped into his head: Maybe I can help. He walked over to the man, 43-year-old Edward, and calmly asked, “What’s wrong? Don’t you have a job?” Shocked, Edward looked at Armus and exclaimed, “There is nothing in this town for me. Nothing!” Then, with tears streaming down his face, he said, “I just want to go to prison.” 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 “Let the police arrest me,” Edward shouted. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Edward began to sob in Armus’s hug. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $