Unit 3 Back to the past二-2025-2026学年高中英语重点词汇精讲选择性必修第三册（译林版）

高中·译林·选择性必修第三册 寒假专版 C版词汇核心考点精讲 【寒假专版】 高中·译林·选择性必修第三册Unit3 Back to the past二 单元词汇总览 exceptional /ik'sep fanl/adj.杰出相互摩擦 hatch /haet/vt.密谋，策划：使 的，优秀的：异常的，罕见的 washroom/'wD/ru:m/n.洗手间，孵出；vi.孵化；孵出 phrase/freiz/n.成语，习语：短厕所 plot /plpt/n.阴谋；故事情节：vi. 语，词组 uniform/'ju:nfo:m/n.制服，队阴谋，密谋 format/'fo:mat/n.总体安排，设服；adj.一致的，统一的 *infamy/'nfami/n.臭名昭著，声 计：版式 violently/'varelantli/adv.猛烈地，名狼藉：恶行，罪恶 shelf小elfn.(pl.shelves小elvz)厉害地：强烈地，激烈地；凶狠sink/skli.&vt.(sak,sunk) (书架等的)架子，搁板 地 下沉，沉没：坐下：降低 adopt/A'dopt/vt.采用，采取：表eagle/'i:gl/n.雕 memorial /ma'mo:rial/n.纪念碑 决采纳：领养，收养：vi.领养，dive/darv/vi.俯冲：跳水；潜水：（或像等）：纪念物 收养 n.冲，扑，俯冲；潜水跳水pray /pre/vi.&t.企盼，祈求： comparison /kam'persn/n.对thunder/'0nda()/vi.轰隆地响；祈祷，祷告 比，比较 打雷：n.雷，雷声 episode/'episaud/n.一段经历， pack /paek/t.&vi.塞进，挤进；freeze /fri:z/vi..&t.(foze,片段：一集 装（箱，收拾：打包，包装；n.包，frozen)突然停止：呆住；结冰；冻*textile/'tekstarl/n.纺织品：(tex- 包裹：小盒，小包 僵 tiles)纺织业 contrary/'kDntrari/adj.相反的，*deck/dekn.甲板，层面 reform'f:m/t.改进，改良， 相对立的：截然不同的；contrary meanwhile/mi:nwarl/adv.同时；改革；n.改革，改良 to与…相反 其间：对比之下 output/'atpt/n.产量，输出量 *hell /hel/n.地狱：苦难的经历，drag/degt.拖，拉：缓慢而费 cloth/kD0/n.织物，布料 悲惨的境况 力地移动 shift /ff/n.改变，转移；轮班： aboard/A'bod/prep.&adv.在chaos/'keDs/n.混乱，杂乱 vi&t.(使)移动，（使）转移：改 (车、船、飞机等)上，上（车、船、nay/nevi/n.海军，海军部队变 飞机等) bleed/bli:d'vi.(bled,bled)失血，cottage/'kotd3/n.小屋，村舍： *rub /rab/t.&vi.擦，搓；（使流血 cottage industry家庭手工业 词汇核心考点精讲 1.exceptional/k'sepfanl/adj.杰出的，优秀的：异常的，罕见的 ·核心考点：词性：形容词(adj) 2个核心义：杰出的，优秀的：异常的，罕见的 ·必记搭配与例句：●exceptional talent(杰出的才能)：She has exceptional talent in music. 高中·译林·选择性必修第三册 寒假专版 ●exceptional circumstances(特s殊情况)：The rule doesn't apply in exceptional circumstances. ·重点派生词：●exceptionally(副词)：exceptionally difficult(极其困难) ●exception（名词)：make an exception(破例) 2.adopt /a'dopt/t.采用，采取；表决采纳：领养，收养；i.领养，收养 ·核心考点：词性：及物动词(t.):不及物动词(i.) 4个核心义：采用，采取：表决采纳：领养，收养(t.):领养，收养(vⅵ.) ·必记搭配与例句：·adopt a policy(采取政策)：The government decided to adopt a new policy. ●adopt a child(收养孩子)：They plan to adopt a child next year ●adopt an idea(采纳意见)：The committee adopted his idea.. ·重点派生词：●adoption(名词)：the adoption of new technology(新技术的采用) ●adopted(形容词)：an adopted son(养子) 3.comparison /kam'paers/n.对比，比较 ·核心考点：词性：名词(n) 1个核心义：对比，比较 ·必记搭配与例句：●in comparison with(与…相比)：In comparison with last year,.our saleshave increased. ●make a comparison(进行比较)：It's hard to make a comparison between the two books. ●by comparison(相比之下)：By comparison,this method is more effective. ·重点派生词：·compare(动词)：compare A with B(把A和B比较) ·comparative(形容词)：comparative study(比较研究) 4.contrary/'kpntrari//adj.相反的，相对立的：截然不同的 ·核心考点：词性：形容词(adj.) 2个核心义：相反的，相对立的：截然不同的 ·必记搭配与例句：·contrary to（与…相反)：Contrary to popular belief,.he is not lazy. ●on the contrary(相反地)：I didn't fail.On the contrary,I succeeded. ·重点派生词：·contrast(名词/动词)：contrast with（与…形成对比) 5.violently'varalantli/adv.猛烈地，厉害地：强烈地，激烈地；凶狠地 ·核心考点：词性：副词(adv.) 3个核心义：猛烈地，厉害地：强烈地，激烈地：凶狠地 ·必记搭配与例句：●shake violently(猛烈摇晃)：The ground shook violently during the earthquake. ●argue violently(激烈争论)：They argued violently about the problem, ·重点派生词：●violent(形容词)：violent storm(猛烈的暴风雨) ●violence(名词)：family violence(家庭暴力) 高中·译林·选择性必修第三册 寒假专版 6.freeze/fri:zvi.&t.(froze,.frozen)突然停止：呆住；结冰；冻僵 ·核心考点：词性：不及物动词(vⅵ)：及物动词(t.) 3个核心义：突然停止；呆住：结冰：冻僵(vi&t.) ·必记搭配与例句：●freeze to death(冻死)：Many animals froze to death in the cold winter. ●freeze up(冻住)：The pipes froze up last night.. ●freeze with fear(吓得呆住)：She froze with fear when she saw the snake.. ·重点派生词：●frozen(形容词)：frozen food(冷冻食品) ●freezing(形容词)：freezing weather(严寒天气) 7.meanwhile/'mi.nwat/adv.同时：其间：对比之下 ·核心考点：词性：副词(adv.) 3个核心义：同时：其间：对比之下 ·必记搭配与例句：●neanwhile(同时)：I was doing my homework,meanwhile my brother was watching TV. ●in the meanwhile(在此期间)：In the meanwhile,please wait for me. ·用法辨析：meanwhile与at the same time都表示”同时”，但meanwhile更强调在两件事同时进 行时，有一定的时间间隔或对比。 8.chaos/'kers//n.混乱，杂乱 ·核心考点：词性：名词(n) 1个核心义：混乱，杂乱 ·必记搭配与例句：●in chaos(处于混乱中)：The room was in chaos after the party. ·cause chaos(引起混乱)：The accident caused chaos on the road, ·重点派生词：●chaotic(形容词)：chaotic situation(混乱的局面) 9.reform /rI'fo:m/t.改进，改良，改革；n.改革，改良 ·核心考点：词性：及物动词(t.):名词(n.) 2个核心义：改进，改良，改革(t.):改革，改良(n.) ·必记搭配与例句：●reform the system(改革制度)：The government is trying to reform the education system. ●carry out reform(进行改革)：They plan to carry out reform in the company. ·重点派生词：●reformer(名词)：social reformer(社会改革家) ●reformation(名词)：the Reformation(宗教改革运动) 10.shift/ft/n.改变，转移：轮班；vi.&t.(使)移动，（使转移：改变 ·核心考点：词性：名词(n):不及物动词(i.):及物动词(t) 4个核心义：改变，转移：轮班(n.):(使)移动，（使）转移：改变(vi.&t.) 高中·译林·选择性必修第三册 寒假专版 ·必记搭配与例句：●shift one's attention(转移注意力)：He shifted his attention to the new problem. ·work in shifts(轮班工作)：The workers work in shifts. ●shift from.to.(从…转移到…)：The company shifted from manufacturing to service. ·用法辨析：shift与change都有'改变”的意思，shift更强调位置、方向或观点的改变，而change 泛指各种变化。 11.plot /plot//n.阴谋；故事情节；vi.阴谋，密谋 ·核心考点：词性：名词(n):不及物动词(i.) 2个核心义：阴谋故事情节(n.):阴谋，密谋(vi) ·必记搭配与例句：·plot against(密谋反对)：They plotted against the government. ●the plot of the novel(小说的情节)：The plot of the novel is very interesting. ·用法拓展：plot作动词时，常用plot to do sth.表示”密谋做某事”，如：They plotted to steal the money. 12.dive/dav/vi.俯冲；跳水；潜水；n.冲，扑，俯冲；潜水；跳水 ·核心考点：词性：不及物动词(vi.):名词(n) 4个核心义：俯冲：跳水：潜水(.)：冲，扑，俯冲；潜水；跳水(n.) ·必记搭配与例句：·dive into(潜入；钻研)：He dived into the water to save the child, ●make a dive(俯冲)：The eagle made a dive at the rabbit ●dive for(潜水寻找)：They dived for pearls in the sea ·重点派生词：·diver(名词)：deep-sea diver(深海潜水员) 13.output/autput/n.产量，输出量 ·核心考点：词性：名词(n) 1个核心义：产量，输出量 ·必记搭配与例句：●increase output(提高产量)：The factory has increased output this year: ●output of sth.（某物的产量)：The output of rice has doubled, ·用法辨析：output与prod1 ction都有”产量”的意思，output更强调生产过程中产生的量，而 production泛指生产的过程或成果。 14.hatch /haet/vt.密谋，策划；使孵出：vi.孵化：孵出 ·核心考点：词性：及物动词(t.):不及物动词(vi.) 3个核心义：密谋，策划；使孵出(t):孵化；孵出(Vi.) ·必记搭配与例句：●hatch a plan(策划计划)：They hatched a plan to escape. ●hatch eggs(孵蛋)：The hen is hatching eggs. ●eggs hatch(蛋孵化)：The eggs will hatch in three weeks. 高中·译林·选择性必修第三册 寒假专版 重点派生词：●hatchery(名词)：fish hatchery（鱼苗孵化场) 15.bleed/bli:d/vi.bled,bled)失血，流血 ·核心考点：词性：不及物动词(vⅵ) 1个核心义：失血，流血 ·必记搭配与例句：●bleed to death(流血致死)：He bled to death before the ambulance arrived.. ●bleed from(从…流血)：She was bleeding from her nose. ·重点派生词：·bleeding(形容词)：bleeding wound(流血的伤口) ●blood(名词)：lose blood(失血) 词汇核心考点综合训练 1.一、单项选择 1.The artist showed talent in painting,which amazed all the judges ·A.exceptional ●B.violent ●C.chaotic ●D.frozen 2.The government decided to a new policy to protect the environment. ●A.shift ●B.reform 。C.adopt ●D.hatch 3.n with last year's results,this year's sales have doubled. ●A.comparison ●B.chaos ●C.output 高中·译林·选择性必修第三册 寒假专版 ·D.plot 4. to popular opinion,online learning is not less effective than traditional classes. 。A.Contrary ●B.Meanwhile ·C.Violent ·D.Exceptional 5.The ground shook during the earthquake,causing many buildings to collapse. 。A.exceptionally ●B.violently 。C.freezing ·D.neanwhile 6.If the temperature drops below zero,the water in the pipes will ·A.bleed ●B.dive ·C.freeze 。D.shift 7.I need to finish my homework first; you can watch TV for a while. ●A.neanwhile ●B.contrary ●C.chaotic ·D.reform 8.After the party,the room was in complete with cups and plates everywhere. 。A.output ●B.chaos 高中·译林·选择性必修第三册 寒假专版 ·C.comparison ●D.plot 9.The company plans to its focus from manufacturing to research and development ●A.dive 。B.bleed 。C.shift 。D.freeze 10.The novel's_ is so complicated that many readers find it hard to follow. ●A.plot ●B.reform ●C.adoption 。D.output 2.二、根据提示补全句子 1.The (adopt)of new technology has greatly improved production efficiency.(adopt 的名词形式) 2.She was (freeze)when she heard the terrible news.(提示：freeze的形容词形式) 3.The (compare)between the two methods shows that the new one is more efficient.( compare的名词形式) 4.The (violent)of the storm caused widespread damage.(提示：violent的名词形式) 5.After the accident,he (bleed)heavily and was sent to the hospital immediately.(提示： bleed的过去式) 6.The government's」 (reform)have brought significant changes to the education system. 示：reform的名词复数形式) 7.The (chaos)situation was finally brought under control by the police.(提示：chaos的形 容词形式) 8.He is an (exception)talented musician who has won many awards.(提示：exception的形 容词形式) 3.三、首字母填空 高中·译林·选择性必修第三册 寒假专版 1.The workers have to work in s to ensure the factory runs24 hours a day.(提示：轮班) 2.The eagle made a sudden d to catch the rabbit..(提示：俯冲) 3.The factory's o of cars has increased by20%this year..(提示：产量) 4.They are h a plan to surprise their teacher on Teachers,Day.(提示：策划) 5.On the c ,he is very kind and helpful,not as rude as people think.(提示：相反地) 4.参考答案 ·一、单项选择 1.A2.C3.A4.A5B6.C7.A8.B9.C10.A ·二、根据提示补全句子 1.adoption 2.frozen 3.comparison 4.violence 5.bled 6.reforms 7.chaotic 8.exceptionally ·三、首字母填空 1.shifts 2.dive 3.output 4.hatching 5.contrary