Unit 5 Natural Disasters-Reading Actively-2025-2026学年高中英语重点词汇精讲必修第二册（重庆大学版）

高中·重庆大学版 寒假专版 C版词汇核心考点精讲 【寒假专版】 高中·重庆大学版·必修第二册Unit5 Natural Disasters-Reading Acively 单元词汇总览 disaster/d'za:sta)/n.灾难：灾rescue/'reskju:/v.m.营救；救援；害怕的 害：不幸 解救 frightening/'frartn/adj.令人恐 natural/nat fral/adi.自然的：天relief/r'lif/n.宽慰；轻松：解惧的：吓人的 然的：天生的 脱：救济 panic/'penk/v.惊慌：恐慌n.惊 disastrous/d'za:stras/adj..灾难flood/fAd/n.洪水；水灾V.淹慌：恐慌 性的：极糟糕的 没：泛滥 warm/won/v.警告：告诫：提醒 destroy/dr'stro/V.摧毁：毁灭；hurricane/'hikn/n.飓风：风warning/'wn/n.警告；告诫： 破坏 暴 警示 destruction/d'strAkfn/n.摧毁；earthquake/'3:θkwek/n.地震prepare /pr'pea()/V.准备；预 毁灭；破坏 tornado/to:'neidau/n.龙卷风；旋备：使有准备 damage/'daemId3/v.m.损害；损风 preparation /,preps'rerfn/n. 坏；损失 tsunami/ts:'na:mi/n.海啸 备：预备：准备工作 ruin/'u:n/v.毁灭；使破产；糟volcano /vDl'kena/n.火山 emergency /i'm3:d3ansi/n.紧急 蹋n.毁灭：废墟：破产 erupt /I'r△ptV.爆发：喷发：突情况：突发事件adj.紧急的：应 survive/sa'vaIv/V.幸存：生存：然发生 急的 活下来 eruption'rpn/n.爆发；喷发；first aid急救 survivor/sa'vaIva(r)/n.幸存者：突然发生 calm /ka:m/adj.平静的；冷静的 生还者 frighten/'frartn/v.使惊吓；使惊v.使平静：使镇静 survival/sa'varvl/n.生存；存活：恐：吓唬 calm down平静下来；镇定下来 幸存 frightened/'frartnd/.adj.受惊的： 词汇核心考点精讲 1.disastrous./d'za:stras/ad.灾难性的：极糟糕的 ·核心考点：词性：形容词(adj) 2个核心义：灾难性的（后果严重）、极糟糕的（情况恶劣） ·必记搭配与例句：·disastrous effect(灾难性影响)：The flood had a disastrous effect on the village. ●disastrous mistake(严重错误)：It turned out to be a disastrous mistake. ·重点派生词：·disaster(名词)：natural disaster（自然灾害) ●disastrously(副词)：The plan failed disastrously. 高中·重庆大学版 寒假专版 2.destroy/d'stro/v.摧毁；毁灭；破坏 ·核心考点：词性：动词(v) 2个核心义：摧毁（物理破坏）、毁灭（抽象事物） ·必记搭配与例句：·destroy sth.completely(彻底摧毁)：The fire destroyed the building completely. ●destroy one's hope(摧毁希望)：Failure didn't destroy his hope, ·重点派生词：●destruction(名词)：environmental destruction(环境破坏) ●destructive(形容词)：destructive force(破坏力) 3.damage/'dend3/vh.损害；损坏；损失 ·核心考点：词性：动词/名词(vn) 2个核心义：损害（部分损伤）、损失（经济/名誉） ·必记搭配与例句：●cause damage to(对…造成损害)：The storm caused great damage to crops. ●damage sth.slightly(径微损坏)：The car was damaged slightly in the accident ·易混词辨析：·damage(部分损伤，可修复)vs destroy(彻底摧毁，不可修复)：The earthquake damaged many houses but destroyed the old temple. 4.survive/a'vaIv/v.幸存：生存；活下来 ·核心考点：词性：动词(v) 2个核心义：幸存（经历灾难存活）、比…活得久 ·必记搭配与例句：·survive from（从…中幸存)：Few people survived from the plane crash, ●survive sb.by(比某人多话…)：She survived her husband by 10 years.. ·重点派生词：·survivor(名词)：earthquake survivors(地震幸存者) ●survival(名词)：the struggle for survival(生存斗争) 5.panic/'penk/V.惊慌：恐慌n.惊慌；恐慌 ·核心考点：词性：动词/名词(vh.) 1个核心义：惊慌（情绪失控） ·必记搭配与例句：·in panic(惊慌地)：People ran out of the building in panic. ●panic about(对…恐慌)：Don't panic about the exam. ·词形变化：·过去式/过去分词：panicked(重读闭音节，双写尾字母) 6.warn /w3n/V.警告；告诫；提醒 ·核心考点：词性：动词(v) 2个核心义：警告（危险提示）、告诚（行为规劝） ·必记搭配与例句：●warn sb.of(警告某人…)：The police warned us of the danger. ●warn sb.not to do(告诫某人不要做)：Mother warned me not to swim in the river. 高中·重庆大学版 寒假专版 ·重点派生词：●warning(名词)：a weather warning(气象预警) ·warned(形容词)：be warned of(被警告) 7.prepare /pri'pea/V.准备；预备：使有准备 ·核心考点：词性：动词(v) 2个核心义：准备（具体事物)、使有准备（心理状态） ·必记搭配与例句：●prepare for（为…做准备)：We are preparing for the exam. ●prepare sb.todo(使某人准备做)：The teacher prepared us to face challenges. ·重点派生词：●preparation(名词)：make preparations for（为…做准备) ●prepared(形容词)：be prepared for（为…做好准备) 8.emergency'm3:d3ansi/n.紧急情况：突发事件adj.紧急的；应急的 ·核心考点：词性：名词/形容词(n/adj) 1个核心义：紧急情况（突发事件） ·必记搭配与例句：●in an emergency(在紧急情况下)：Cal120 in an emergency. ●emergency exit(紧急出口)：The emergency exit is on your left. ·固定短语：·emergency response(应急响应)：The government has an emergency response plan 9.frighten/'fraitn/v.使惊吓；使惊恐：吓唬 ·核心考点：词性：动词(v) 1个核心义：使惊吓（引起恐惧） ·必记搭配与例句：●frighten sb.to death(吓得要死)：The loud noise frightened me to death, ●be frightened of(害怕…)：She is frightened of snakes. ·形容词辨析：·frightened(感到害怕的，修饰人)vs frightening（令人害怕的，修饰物)：The frightened child cried.The film is frightening. 10.calm /ka:m/ad.平静的；冷静的v.使平静：使镇静 ·核心考点：词性：形容词/动词(adjw.) 2个核心义：平静的（状态）、使镇静（动作） ·必记搭配与例句：●stay calm(保持冷静)：It's important to stay calm in danger. ●calm sb.dowm(使某人平静)：He tried to calm the crying baby down, ·固定短语：●calm before the storm(暴风雨前的宁静)：The quiet afternoon was the calm before the storm. 11.relief /r'lif/n.宽慰；轻松：解脱；救济 ·核心考点：词性：名词(n) 2个核心义：宽慰（情绪）、救济（物质援助） 高中·重庆大学版 寒假专版 ·必记搭配与例句：●to one's relief(令某人宽慰的是)：To my relief,he arrived safely. ·relief work(救济工作)：Volunteers are doing relief work in the disaster area. ·动词原形：·relieve(动词)：relieve stress(缓解压力) 12.uim/un/v.毁灭；使破产：糟蹋n.毁灭；废墟；破产 ·核心考点：词性：动词/名词(vh.) 2个核心义：毁灭（逐渐破坏）、废墟（名词） ·必记搭配与例句：·ruin one'shealth(损害健康)：Smoking will ruin your health ●in ruins(成为废墟)：The city lay in ruins after the war. ·易混词辨析：●uin(逐渐毁坏，可指抽象事物)vs damage（部分损伤)：Laziness ruined his future.The storm damaged the roof. 13.erupt'ropt/v.爆发：喷发：突然发生 ·核心考点：词性：动词(v) 2个核心义：喷发（火山）、爆发（冲突情绪） ·必记搭配与例句：·volcano erupts(火山喷发)：The volcano erupted last week. ·erupt into anger(突然发怒)：He erupted into anger when he heard the news. ·重点派生词：●eruption(名词)：a volcanic eruption(火山喷发) 14.emergency'm3:d3nsin.紧急情况；突发事件adj.紧急的：应急的 ·核心考点：词性：名词/形容词(n./adj.) 1个核心义：紧急情况（突发事件） ·必记搭配与例句：·handle an emergency(处理紧急情况)：Doctors need to handle emergencies quickly ·emergency supplies(应急物资)：We should store emergency supplies at home. ·同义词：●crisis（危机)：The country is facing an economic crisis. l5.preparation/.prep3'reIn/n.准备：预备；准备工作 ·核心考点：词性：名词(n) 1个核心义：准备工作（具体行动) ·必记搭配与例句：。make preparations for（为…做准备)：We are making preparations for the party. ●in preparation for(为…做准备)：She studied hard in preparation for the exam. ·动词原形：●prepare(动词)：prepare a speech(准备演讲) 词汇核心考点综合训练 高中·重庆大学版 寒假专版 1.一、单项选择 1.The flood had a effect on the village,leaving many homeless. ●A.disaster ●B.disastrous ·C.disastrously ·D.destroying 2.The fire the building completely,and nothing was left. ·A.damaged ●B.uined ·C.destroyed ●D.harmed 3.Few people the air crash because the plane exploded immediately. ●A.survived from ·B.survived 。C.survival ●D.survivor 4.Don't about the exam-you've prepared well for it. ●A.panic ●B.panics ●C.panicked ·D.panicking 5.The teacher us not to swim in the river alone ·A.warned 高中·重庆大学版 寒假专版 ●B.warning ●C.wans 。D.wam 6.We should for the coming storm by storing enough food and water. ●A.prepare ●B.preparation ·C.prepared 。D.preparing 7.In an you must stay calm and call for help immediately. ●A.emerge ·B.emergency 。C.emergent ●D.crises 8.The child hid behind his mother when he saw the big dog. 。A.frighten 。B.frightening ·C.frightened ·D.fright 9.It's important to down when facing danger. ●A.calm ●B.calmness 。C.calming ·D.calmly 10.Tomy the missing child was found safe and sound. 高中·重庆大学版 寒假专版 ●A.relief ●B.relieve ●C.relieved ·D.relieving 2.二、根据提示补全句子 1.The plan failed (disastrous),causing huge losses. 2.The (destroy)of the forest has led to serious environmental problems. 3.After the earthquake,many (survive)were sent to safe areas. 4.He (panic)when he realized he had lost his passport. 5.The government issued a weather (warn)for heavy rain this weekend. 6.We are making (prepare)for the school sports meeting next month. 3.三、首字母填空 1.The earthquake left the city in r 2.Call 119i an emergency. 3.She was f of spiders and would scream when she saw one. 4.The doctor tried to c the patient down before the operation. 5.The rescue team providedr. supplies to the flood victims. 4.参考答案 ·一、单项选择 BCAAAABCAA ·二、根据提示补全句子 disastrously destruction survivors panicked warning preparations ·三、首字母填空 ruins in frightened calm relief