Unit8语法讲解及习题：一般现在时的被动语态-2025—2026学年鲁教版五四学制（2012）英语八年级下册

鲁教（五四学制）英语八下Unit8语法讲解及习题 一般现在时的被动语态 一、一般现在时的被动语态 （一）概念 被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者。一般现在时的被动语态表示现在经常性、习惯性的被动动作或主语现在的状态，常用于说明物品的材质、产地和生产方式。 （二）构成 被动语态由 “be + 及物动词的过去分词” 构成。在一般现在时中，be动词随主语的人称和数变化为 am / is / are。 （三）相关句式 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 + (by + 动作执行者) This kind of coat is made of cotton. 这种大衣是由棉布制成的。 Tea plants are grown on the sides of mountains. 茶树被种植在山坡上。 否定句 主语 + am/is/are + not + 过去分词 + ... This kind of coat isn't made of cotton. 这种大衣不是由棉布制成的。 一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词 + ...? Is this kind of coat made of cotton? 这种大衣是由棉布制成的吗？ Yes, it is. / No, it isn't. 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 过去分词 + ...? What is this kind of coat made of? 这种大衣是由什么制成的？ How is tea produced? 茶是怎样生产的？ （四）用法场景 1. 不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁： This watch is made in China. (这块手表是中国制造的。) 2. 需要强调或突出动作的承受者： Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. (世界上越来越多的人说汉语。) 3. 句子的主语是物： Many products are made in China now. (现在很多产品是中国制造的。) 二、过去分词的变化规则 被动语态的核心是 be + 过去分词，掌握过去分词的变化是关键。 （一）规则变化 1. 一般动词：直接在词尾加 -ed · work → worked · play → played · clean → cleaned 2. 以不发音的 e 结尾：直接加 -d · live → lived · use → used 3. 以辅音字母 + y 结尾：变 y 为 i，再加 -ed · study → studied · carry → carried · worry → worried 4. 重读闭音节（辅-元-辅）结尾：双写末尾辅音字母，再加 -ed · stop → stopped · plan → planned · drop → dropped （二）不规则变化（高频重点） 原形 过去式 过去分词 be was/were been make made made grow grew grown speak spoke spoken write wrote written see saw seen do did done go went gone take took taken eat ate eaten say said said think thought thought buy bought bought bring brought brought catch caught caught teach taught taught keep kept kept sleep slept slept feel felt felt leave left left build built built send sent sent spend spent spent stand stood stood understand understood understood win won won have had had hear heard heard hold held held know knew known learn learned / learnt learned / learnt mean meant meant meet met met pay paid paid put put put read read /red/ read /red/ ride rode ridden run ran run sell sold sold set set set shake shook shaken shine shone shone show showed shown shut shut shut sing sang sung sit sat sat smell smelt / smelled smelt / smelled swim swam swum tell told told throw threw thrown wake woke woken wear wore worn 3、 配套习题 基础 （一）单项选择 1. This kind of shirt ___________ of cotton. A. is made B. are made C. makes D. make 2. Tea ___________ in the south of China. A. grow B. grows C. is grown D. are grown 3. —What are the shirts made of? —They ___________ of cotton. A. make B. are made C. is made D. made 4. Chinese ___________ by more and more people in the world. A. speak B. speaks C. is spoken D. are spoken 5. The model plane ___________ of used wood and glass. A. is made B. are made C. makes D. make 6. —___________ the postcards sent by your friend? —Yes, they are. A. Is B. Are C. Do D. Does 7. This book ___________ for children. A. writes B. is written C. wrote D. write 8. The windows ___________ every week. A. clean B. cleans C. are cleaned D. is cleaned 9. —What ___________ the desk made of? —It's made of wood. A. is B. are C. do D. does 10. The flowers ___________ by the students every day. A. water B. waters C. are watered D. is watered 11. These stamps ___________ by my grandfather. A. collect B. are collected C. collected D. is collected 12. —___________ the bridge made of stone? —No, it isn't. A. Is B. Are C. Do D. Does 13. The songs ___________ by many young people. A. sing B. are sung C. sings D. is sung 14. The vegetables ___________ in the garden. A. grow B. grows C. are grown D. is grown 15. This kind of paper ___________ from wood. A. make B. is made C. makes D. are made （二）句型转换 1. People grow tea in the south of China. (改为被动语态) Tea ___________ ___________ in the south of China. 2. They make the shirts of cotton. (改为被动语态) The shirts ___________ ___________ of cotton. 3. The model plane is made of used wood and glass. (改为一般疑问句) ___________ the model plane ___________ of used wood and glass? 4. The windows are cleaned every week. (改为否定句) The windows ___________ ___________ every week. 5. The book is written for children. (对划线部分提问) ___________ is the book ___________ for? 6. They collect these stamps. (改为被动语态) These stamps ___________ ___________ by them. 7. The bridge is made of stone. (对划线部分提问) ___________ is the bridge ___________ of? 8. The flowers are watered by the students every day. (对划线部分提问) ___________ are the flowers ___________ by every day? 9. The songs are sung by many young people. (改为一般疑问句) ___________ the songs ___________ by many young people? 10. People speak Chinese in many countries. (改为被动语态) Chinese ___________ ___________ in many countries. 提升 （三）补全对话 根据对话内容，填入合适的词或短语。 A: Hi, Tom. What are these shirts made of? B: They 1. ___________ (make) of cotton. They are very comfortable. A: Where 2. ___________ they ___________ (make)? B: They are made in the US. A: What about the model plane? What is it 3. ___________ (make) of? B: It's made of used wood and glass. A: That's amazing! Is Chinese 4. ___________ (speak) in your school? B: Yes, it is. Many students are learning it now. A: I see. And are the vegetables in your garden 5. ___________ (grow) by your family? B: Yes, they are. We grow them ourselves. 拓展巩固 （四）完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Many things in our daily lives 1. ___________ in China. For example, most of our clothes are made of cotton or silk. Tea 2. ___________ in the south of China and is enjoyed by people all over the world. Chinese is also 3. ___________ by more and more people as a second language. 1. A. make B. are made C. makes D. is made 2. A. grow B. grows C. is grown D. are grown 3. A. speak B. spoken C. speaks D. are spoken 四、答案及解析 （一）单项选择 1. A。主语 This kind of shirt 是单数，用 is made。 2. C。主语 Tea 是不可数名词，用 is grown。 3. B。主语 They 是复数，用 are made。 4. C。主语 Chinese 是单数，用 is spoken。 5. A。主语 The model plane 是单数，用 is made。 6. B。主语 the postcards 是复数，用 Are。 7. B。主语 This book 是单数，用 is written。 8. C。主语 The windows 是复数，用 are cleaned。 9. A。主语 the desk 是单数，用 is。 10. C。主语 The flowers 是复数，用 are watered。 11. B。主语 These stamps 是复数，用 are collected。 12. A。主语 the bridge 是单数，用 Is。 13. B。主语 The songs 是复数，用 are sung。 14. C。主语 The vegetables 是复数，用 are grown。 15. B。主语 This kind of paper 是单数，用 is made。 （二）句型转换 1. is grown 2. are made 3. Is; made 4. aren't cleaned 5. Who; written 6. are collected 7. What; made 8. Who; watered 9. Are; sung 10. is spoken （三）补全对话 1. are made 2. are; made 3. made 4. spoken 5. grown （四）完形填空 1. B。主语 Many things 是复数，用 are made。 2. C。主语 Tea 是不可数名词，用 is grown。 3. B。被动语态结构为 is spoken，此处用 spoken。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $