Unit 3 语法讲解及习题：There be句型、方位介词 2025-2026学年北师大版英语七年级上册

北师大版英语七上Unit3语法讲解及习题 There be句型、方位介词 一、语法核心内容 （一）There be 句型（表示“某地有某物”） 1. 含义 There be 句型用于表达“某地存在某物/某人”，核心是“有”，强调存在而非所属。 2. 肯定形式 单数：there is（后接可数名词单数或不可数名词） 复数：there are（后接可数名词复数） 例句： There is a living room with a small sofa.（有一间带小沙发的客厅。） There are three rooms inside.（里面有三个房间。） 3. 否定形式 单数：there isn't (is not) 复数：there aren't (are not) 例句： There isn't a hospital.（没有医院。） There aren't a lot of shops here.（这里没有很多商店。） 4. 疑问形式 单数：Is there ...? → 回答：Yes, there is. / No, there isn't. 复数：Are there ...? → 回答：Yes, there are. / No, there aren't. 例句： A: Is there a sports centre?（有体育中心吗？） B: Yes, there is. / No, there isn't. A: Are there any places for sports in your neighbourhood?（你家附近有运动的地方吗？） B: Yes, there are. / No, there aren't. 5. Your Discovery 总结 用法：我们用 there be 来表达“某地存在某物/某人”。 肯定形式： 单数：there + is 复数：there + are 否定形式： 结构：there + isn't / there + aren't 含义：表示“某地没有某物/某人”。 疑问形式： 结构：Is there ...? / Are there ...? 回答：Yes, there is/are. / No, there isn't/aren't. 含义：用于询问“某地是否有某物/某人”。 （二）方位介词（Prepositions of place） 1. 核心用法 方位介词用于描述人或物体的位置关系，常见的有： 介词 含义 例句 in 在……里面 The books are in the bookshelf.（书在书架里。） on 在……上面 The clock is on the desk.（钟在桌子上。） under 在……下面 The shoes are under the bed.（鞋在床底下。） behind 在……后面 The door is behind the curtain.（门在窗帘后面。） next to 在……旁边 The sofa is next to the table.（沙发在桌子旁边。） in front of 在……前面 The tree is in front of the house.（树在房子前面。） 2. 例句 Her pens are in her schoolbag.（她的笔在书包里。） Her sports shoes are under the bed.（她的运动鞋在床底下。） The model planes are on the bookshelf.（飞机模型在书架上。） （三）have/has 与 there be 句型对比 1. 核心区别（最关键） 两者均能表示“有”，但侧重点完全不同： there be 句型：强调「某地存在某物/某人」，侧重“存在性”，不强调归属关系（即“哪里有什么”）。 have/has：强调「某人/某物拥有某物」，侧重“所属关系”，不强调位置（即“谁有什么”）。 2. 基本结构 句型 结构 例句 there be（单数） There is + 单数/不可数名词 + 地点 There is a book on the desk. （桌子上有一本书。→ 存在） there be（复数） There are + 复数名词 + 地点 There are two pens in the bag. （包里有两支笔。→ 存在） have（主语非三单） 主语（非三单）+ have + 宾语 I have a book. （我有一本书。→ 归属） has（主语三单） 主语（三单）+ has + 宾语 She has two pens. （她有两支笔。→ 归属） 3. 易错点辨析 （1）不可混淆“存在”和“归属”： ❌ 错误：I have a bed in my bedroom.（想表达“卧室里有一张床”，侧重存在，应用there be） ✅ 正确：There is a bed in my bedroom. ❌ 错误：There is a book to me.（想表达“我有一本书”，侧重归属，应用have） ✅ 正确：I have a book. （2）特殊情况：两者可结合使用（既表归属，又表存在） 例句：I have a room, and there is a desk in it.（我有一个房间，房间里有一张桌子。） 4. 口诀总结（方便记忆） there be 表存在，“哪里有什么”记心中； have/has 表归属，“谁有什么”分清楚； 单数is复数are，have三单变has。 2、 练习题 基础巩固题 （一）用 there is / there are / there isn't / there aren't 填空 1. ___________ ___________a bed in my bedroom. 2. ___________ ___________ any water in the bottle. 3. ___________ ___________ two chairs and a table in the living room. 4. ___________ ___________ a bathroom with a shower. 5. ___________ ___________ many funny stories in this book. （二）用适当的方位介词填空 1. The books are ___________ the bookshelf. 2. The clock is ___________ the desk. 3. The shoes are ___________ the bed. 4. The door is ___________ the curtain. 5. The sofa is ___________ the table. 能力提升题 （一）用 there is / there are / there isn't / there aren't 填空（变式拓展） 6. ___________ ___________ a hospital near my home. 7. ___________ ___________ a lot of shops here. 8. ___________ ___________ a small kitchen with a cooker. 9. ___________ ___________ two people in the car. 10. ___________ ___________ a sports centre in my neighbourhood. （二）用适当的方位介词填空 6. The tree is ___________ the house. 7. Her pens are ___________ her schoolbag. 8. Her sports shoes are ___________ the bed. 9. The model planes are ___________ the bookshelf. 10. The cat is ___________ the chair. 综合应用题 （一）句型转换 1. There is a park in my town.（改为否定句） ___________ ___________ a park in my town. 2. There are two rooms in my home.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答） ___________ ___________ two rooms in your home? Yes, ___________. 3. There isn't a hospital.（改为肯定句） ___________ ___________ a hospital. 4. There aren't any shops here.（改为肯定句） ___________ shops here. 5. There is a sports centre.（对划线部分提问） ___________ in your neighbourhood? （二）单项选择 1. ___________ a bed in my bedroom. A. There is B. There are C. There isn't 2. ___________ any water in the bottle. A. There is B. There are C. There isn't 3. ___________ two chairs and a table in the living room. A. There is B. There are C. There isn't 4. The books are ___________ the bookshelf. A. in B. on C. under 5. The shoes are ___________ the bed. A. in B. on C. under 6. —Is there a park in your town? —Yes, ___________. A. there is B. there are C. it is 7. —Are there any shops here? —No, ___________. A. there isn't B. there aren't C. they aren't 8. There ___________ a bathroom with a shower. A. is B. are C. isn't 9. There ___________ many funny stories in this book. A. is B. are C. isn't 10. The cat is ___________ the chair. A. in B. on C. under 三、答案与解析 （一）基础巩固题答案与解析 1. 用 there is / there are / there isn't / there aren't 填空 1. There is 2. There isn't 3. There are 4. There is 5. There are 解析：基础题型，直接根据后面名词的单复数判断be动词形式（单数/不可数用is，复数用are），否定句结合any（用于否定句）判断用isn't/aren't。 2. 用适当的方位介词填空 1. in 2. on 3. under 4. behind 5. next to 解析：匹配语法讲解中原句，直接对应介词含义选择，巩固基础搭配。 （二）能力提升题答案与解析 1. 用 there is / there are / there isn't / there aren't 填空 6. There isn't 7. There aren't 8. There is 9. There are 10. There is 解析：变式题型，名词短语（a lot of shops, two people）略有拓展，核心还是根据单复数判断be动词，注意a small kitchen为单数。 2. 用适当的方位介词填空 6. in front of 7. in 8. under 9. on 10. on 解析：语境变式，结合日常场景（猫在椅子上、笔在书包里）选择介词，锻炼灵活运用能力。 （三）综合应用题答案与解析 1. 句型转换 1. There isn't 2. Are there; there are 3. There is 4. There are 5. What is 解析： 否定句：在be动词后加not（is→isn't，are→aren't）； 一般疑问句：将be动词提前，肯定回答需与问句be动词一致； 对事物提问：用what引导，句型为“What is + 地点？”。 2. 单项选择 1. A 解析：a bed是单数，用there is（结合句意，此处为肯定句）。 2. C 解析：any用于否定句，water是不可数名词，对应there isn't。 3. B 解析：two chairs是复数，be动词用are。 4. A 解析：书在书架内部，用in（易错点：区分in/on，on指表面）。 5. C 解析：结合日常场景，鞋通常在床底下，用under。 6. A 解析：Is there...? 的肯定回答固定为Yes, there is.（不可用it is）。 7. B 解析：Are there...? 的否定回答固定为No, there aren't.（主谓一致）。 8. A 解析：a bathroom是单数，结合句意此处为肯定句，用is。 9. B 解析：many funny stories是复数，be动词用are。 10. B 解析：结合日常场景，猫通常在椅子表面，用on（区分on/under）。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $