Unit 9 Optimism and Pessimism-2025-2026学年九年级下册英语词汇变形及词缀精讲（教科版）

9年级下册教科版 【词汇精讲】 Unit 9 Optimism and Pessimism 词汇精讲 【Unit9】Optimism and Pessimism 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 pessimism/'pesimIz3m/n.悲观；观的；乐观主义的 罕见地 悲观主义 pessimist/pesmist/n.悲观主义quit /kwit/V. (quit/quitted, negatively/negatrvli/adv.消极者；悲观论者 quit/quitted))离开；辞职；放弃 地：否定地：负面地 pessimistic/.pesimI''stik/adj.悲military/'milatri/adj.军事的： positively/'pDzatrvli/adv.积极观的：悲观主义的 军用的：军队的n.军队；军方 地：肯定地；确实地 positive/'pDzatrv/adj.积极的；heroine/'heraum/n.女英雄：女 centred /'sentad/adj. 以…为肯定的：正面的n.正数：正片主角：女豪杰 中心的：居中的 hot attack /hot'taek短语急性chart /tfa:t/n.图表；海图：排 cliff /klif/n.悬崖；峭壁 发作 行榜V.绘制图表；记录 optimist/'DptrIst/n.乐观主义tend to/tend tu:/短语倾向于；往examining/ig'zenm四/v.检查； 者：乐天派 往会；照料 调查：考试(examine的现在分 optimistic/,pptI'mistik/adj.乐rarely/'reali/adv.很少；难得；词) 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.pessimism/'pesimiz3m/n.悲观；悲观主义 词汇变形 名词对应的人：pessimist(悲观主义者) 形容词形式：pessimistic(悲观的) 构词解析 后缀-ism:表“主义、信仰、状态”；-ist表“人”：-istic是形容词后缀。 同类词：optimism(乐观主义)→optimist(乐观主义者)→optimistic(乐观的) 例句：His constant pessimism makes everyone around him feel down. 真题链接（教科版九年级下同步练习）：She always looks at the dark side of things and is a real (pessimism).(答案：pessimist) 2.optimistic/,Dptr'mistik/adj.乐观的；乐观主义的 词汇变形 名词形式：optimism(乐观主义) 名词对应的人：optimist(乐观主义者) 9年级下册教科版 【词汇精讲】 Unit 9 Optimism and Pessimism 构词解析 前缀optim-(源自拉丁语“最好的”)：后缀-istic构成形容词；-isn构成名词；-ist表“人”。 Despite the difficulties,she remains optimistic about the future. 真题链接（教科版九年级下单元测试）：An (optimistic)always believes that good things will happen.(答案：optimist) 3.positive/pDzativ/adj.积极的：肯定的：正面的n.正数；正片 词汇变形 副词形式：positively(积极地：肯定地) 反义词：negative(消极的：否定的) 构词解析 前缀pos-(源自拉丁语“放置”，表“肯定”)：后缀-ive构成形容词：y构成副词。 例句：We should take a positive attitude towards challenges in life, 真题链接（教科版九年级下同步练习）：She spoke一(positive)about her experience as a volunteer. (答案：positively) 4.negatively/negativli/adv.消极地；否定地；负面地 词汇变形 形容词形式：negative(消极的；否定的) 名词形式：negativity(消极性) 构词解析 前缀neg-(表“否定”)：后缀ive构成形容词：ly构成副词；-ity构成名词（表性质）。 同类词：active(积极的)→actively(积极地) 例句：Don't think negatively all the time-—try to find the good in every situation. 真题链接（教科版九年级下阅读填空）：We should avoid speaking (negative)about others behind their backs.(答案：negatively) 5.centred/'sentad/adj..以…为中心的；居中的 词汇变形 动词原形：centre(英式)/center(美式)（集中；以…为中心） 名词形式：centre(中心) 构词解析 后缀-d:加在动词后构成形容词，表“被…的”。 The story is centred around the life of a young girl in a small village. 真题链接（教科版九年级下句型转换）：The activity centred on environmental protection.(改为被动 语态)Environmental protection in the activity.（答案：was centred on) 6.quit/kwt/v.(quit/quitted,.quit/quitted离开：辞职：放弃 词汇变形 现在分词：quitting 构词解析 无明显前后缀，但需注意不规则过去式过去分词(quit/quitted)。 2 9年级下册教科版 【词汇精讲】 Unit 9 Optimism and Pessimism 固定搭配：quit doing sth.(放弃做某事) 例句：He decided to quit smoking for the sake of his health. 真题链接（教科版九年级下语法填空）：My father has( (quit)his job and plans to start his own business.(答案：quit/quitted) 7.military'miletri/adj.军事的：军用的：军队的n.军队：军方 词汇变形 名词形式（士兵）：soldier(需注意并非直接变形，而是同主题衍生词) 构词解析 词根milit--(表“军事、战争”，如拉丁语miles“士兵"”)：后缀-ay构成形容词/名词。 例句：The country has increased its military spending this year. 真题链接（教科版九年级下阅读理解）：The (military)training for students helps them build strong willpower.(答案：military) 8.examining1g'zemm)/.检查；调查；考试(examine的现在分词) 词汇变形 动词原形：examine 名词形式：examination(考试；检查)→缩写：exam 构词解析 前缀ex-(表“彻底”)；词根amin-(表“测试”)；后缀-ing构成现在分词；-ation构成名词。 The doctor is examining the patient carefully to find out the cause of the illness. 真题链接（教科版九年级下同步练习）：We will have a final (examine)at the end of this term (答案：examination/exam) 9.rarely/'reali/adv.很少：难得；罕见地 词汇变形 形容词形式：rare(稀有的：罕见的) 构词解析 后缀y:加在形容词后构成副词，注意“rare”去“e”加“1y”。 例句：She rarely goes out alone at night for safety reasons. 真题链接（教科版九年级下完形填空）：Itis_(tare)to see such a beautiful sunset in the city.(答 案：rare) 10.heroine/'herm/n.女英雄；女主角：女豪杰 词汇变形 对应男性名词：hero(英雄：男主角) 复数形式：heroines(hero的复数为heroes) 构词解析 后缀-ine:加在名词后，表“女性”。 同类词：actor(男演员)→actress(女演员) Mulan is a famous heroine in Chinese history who joined the army instead of her father 真题链接（教科版九年级下词汇运用）：The story's_hero)is a young woman who fights for 9年级下册教科版 【词汇精讲】 Unit 9 Optimism and Pessimism justice.(答案：heroine)? 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.The novel's (女主角)is a brave woman who fights for freedom. 7.His (悲观主义)makes it hard for him to see the bright side of life. &.The country's__(军事的)strength has improved a lot in recent years. 9.We should keep a (积极的)attitude when facing difficulties. 10.She has a (罕见的)ability to learn languages quickly. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.An (optimistic)always looks for the best in every situation. 7.The doctor is (examine)the patient to find out the problem. 8.He decided (quit)his job and travel around the world. 9.She spoke (negative)about her experience,which made everyone upset. 10.The story is_ (centre)on the relationship between a mother and her daughter 三、完成句子（每空一词） 5.尽管遇到困难，他仍然对未来感到乐观。 Despite the difficulties,he remains the future. 6.我们应该避免消极地思考问题。 We should avoid thinking problems. 7.这部电影以一个女英雄的冒险经历为中心。 The movie the adventures of a heroine. 8.他很少在晚上外出，因为他需要早起工作。 He out at night because he needs to wake up early for work. 四、语篇填空 4 9年级下册教科版 【词汇精讲】 Unit 9 Optimism and Pessimism 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Lucy is a naturally(optimism)girl.Unlike her friend Tom,who is a(pessimism),she always sees the good in things.One day,they had a(military)training camp.Tom worried about the tough tasks,but Lucy stayed(positive).She even helped others when they felt down, never speaking (negative)about the challenges. During the camp,a doctor was(examine)the students'health.Lucy was asked about her habits.She said she used to smoke but(quit)last year.The doctor praised her for her strong will. At the end of the camp,Lucy was chosen as the "most encouraging student."Her story taught everyone that being an(optimistic)can change not only your own life but also the lives of those around you.Even Tom started to try seeing things differently, (rare)complaining as before. 参考答案 I根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.heroine 7.pessimism 8.military 9.positive 10.rare Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.optimist 7.examining 8.to quit 9.negatively 10.centred I.完成句子 5.optimistic about 6.negatively about 7.is centred on 8.rarely goes V.语篇填空 1.optimistic 2.pessimist 3.military 4.positive 5.negatively 6.examining 7. quit/quitted 8.optimist 9.rarely 5