Unit 4 Dealing with Problems-2025-2026学年八年级下册英语词汇变形及词缀精讲（北师大版）

8年级下册北师大版 【寒假专版】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 寒假专版 【Unit4】Dealing with Problems 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 difficulty/difikalti/n.困难：难不 使：虽然 题；困境 stranger/'stremd3()/n.陌生impolite/,mp3'lart/ad.不礼s貌 unhappy/n'hepi/ad不快乐人：外地人；新手 的：失礼的：粗鲁的 的：不高兴的：不幸福的 achieve'ti:v:(凭长期努力)suppose/sa'paz认为：假设： advise/ad'vaz/建议；劝告：忠达到：得到：实现 猜想：应该 告 produce /pra'dju:s生产；制somewhere/'sAmwea/adhk在 relaxed/rI'laekst/ad.放松的：自造；产生；创作/prodju:sn农某处；到某处 在的：悠闲的 产品 praise /prerz/&n表扬；赞扬； lonely/'leunli/ad.孤独的：寂寞unhealthy/An'hel0i/ad,不健康称赞 的：偏僻的 的：有害健康的：不良的 strict/strikt/ad.严格的；严厉 satisfied/'saetisfaid/ad.满意的；spirit/'spIt/n.精神；心灵；勇的：严谨的 满足的：欣慰的 气：情绪 except/ik'sept/pep.除…之 control /kan'tr3/:控制；支配；succeed/sak'si:d成功：达成：外；不包括 管理n.控制：支配 办到 whenever /wen'eva(r)/conj. manage/maenid3,管理：经营：fail/feil/,失败；未能（做到）；当：无论何时 设法做到 不及格：失灵 unless/an'les/co.除非；如果even though/'i:vmau/短语即 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.unhappy/n'hepi/ad不快乐的；不高兴的；不幸福的 词汇变形 反义词：happy(快乐的) 名词形式：happiness(幸福) 构词解析 前缀un-:加在形容词前，构成反义词，表“不…的”。 同类词：unhealthy(不健康的)、unfair(不公平的) 例句 She felt unhappy because she didn't pass the exam. 8年级下册北师大版 【寒假专版】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 真题链接（北师大版八年级下册同步练习) He looks (happy)today.What's wrong with him?(答案：unhappy) 2.relaxed/rI'laekst/ad,放松的：自在的：悠闲的 词汇变形 动词形式：relax 名词形式：relaxation(放松：休息) 副词形式：relaxedly 构词解析 后缀-d:加在动词后，构成形容词，表“感到…的”，修饰人。 同类词：excited(兴奋的)、interested(感兴趣的) 例句 After finishing homework,she felt relaxed and watched TV. 真题链接（北师大版八年级下册教材例句） We were relaxed after the long trip. 3.lonely/'launli/ad.孤独的：寂寞的：偏僻的 词汇变形 名词形式：loneliness(孤独：寂寞) 构词解析 后缀y:加在名词lone(单独的)后，构成形容词，注意与副词后缀-y区分（如quickly)。 同类词：friendly(友好的)、lovely(可爱的) 例句 The old man lives alone but he never feels lonely. 真题链接（北师大版八年级下册同步练习） She was away from home for a long time and missed her family,feeling (lonely).(lonely) 4.satisfied/'saetsfaid/ad.满意的：满足的；欣慰的 词汇变形 动词形式：satisfy(使满意) 名词形式：satisfaction(满意：满足) 构词解析 后缀-ed:加在动词satisfy后，构成形容词，表“感到满意的”，常用搭配：be satisfied with(对… 满意)。 例句 My parents were satisfied with my exam results. 真题链接（北师大版八年级下册同步练习） He was(satisfy)with the service in the restaurant.(satisfied) 5.unhealthy/n'hel0i/ad.不健康的；有害健康的；不良的 词汇变形 反义词：healthy(健康的) 8年级下册北师大版 【寒假专版】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 名词形式：health(健康) 构词解析 前缀un-:表否定；后缀-y:加在名词health后，构成形容词，表“具有…性质的”。 同类词：unhappy(不快乐的)、lucky(幸运的) 例句 Eating too much junk food is unhealthy 真题链接（北师大版八年级下册教材例句） Smoking is an unhealthy habit. 6.impolite/,mp3lat/ad.不礼貌的：失礼的：粗鲁的 词汇变形 反义词：polite(礼貌的) 副词形式：impolitely 名词形式：politeness(礼貌) 构词解析 前缀im-:加在形容词前，构成反义词，表“不…的”（以p开头的形容词否定前缀常用im-)。 同类词：impossible(不可能的)、impatient(不耐烦的) 例句 It's impolite to talk loudly in the library. 真题链接（北师大版八年级下册同步练习） It's(polite)to interrupt others when they are speaking.(impolite) 7.somewhere/'sAmwea(r)/adh:在某处；到某处 词汇变形 合成词构成：some(一些)+where(在哪里)，类似结构：anywhere(任何地方)、nowhere(无处) 构词解析 复合副词：由不定代词some和疑问副词where组合而成，表“某个地方”。 例句 I must have left my keys somewhere in the house 真题链接（北师大版八年级下册教材例句) We should go somewhere quiet to study. 8.praise /preiz/&n.表扬：赞扬；称赞 词汇变形 形容词形式：praiseworthy(值得表扬的) 构词解析 词形变化：动词和名词同形，常用搭配：praise sb.for sth.(因某事表扬某人)。 例句 The teacher praised her for her hard work. 真题链接（北师大版八年级下册同步练习） The little girl was (praise)for her courage.(答案：praised) 3 8年级下册北师大版 【寒假专版】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 9.except/k'sept/pep.除…之外；不包括 词汇变形 近义词（辨析）：besides(除…之外还) 构词解析 前缀ex-:表“出、外”；cept为词根，表“拿、取”，合意为“拿出去”，即“排除”。 例句 Everyone went to the park except Tom. 真题链接（北师大版八年级下册教材例句） We go to school every day except Sunday. 10.control /kan'ral/控制：支配：管理n.控制：支配 词汇变形 形容词形式：controllable(可控制的)、uncontrollable(不可控制的) 构词解析 前缀con-:表“一起、共同”；rol为词根，表“管理”，合意为“共同管理”，即“控制”。 例句 He tried to control his anger. 真题链接（北师大版八年级下册同步练习） You need to (control)your time well to finish the task.(答案：control) 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.She felt a deep sense of (不快乐)when her best friend moved away. 2.After the long hike,they sat down under the tree and felt (放松的) 3.The (孤独的)old man spends most of his time reading books at home. 4.My parents were filled with(after seeing my report card. 5.Eating too much sugar is__(不健康的)for your teeth 6.It's_(不礼貌的)to point at others with your finger. 7.I remember putting my notebook_(在某处)in the classroom,but I can’t find it now. 8.The teacher's()encouraged her to work harder. 9.All the students passed the exam(除…之外)Tom,who was ill. l0.You need to learn to」 (控制)your emotions when you are angry. 8年级下册北师大版 【寒假专版】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The little girl looked (happy)because she lost her favorite toy 2.He (relax)himself by listening to music after a busy day. 3.The (lonely)of living abroad made her miss her family very much 4.We are (satisfy)with the service in this restaurant. 5.Smoking is an (health)habit that we should give up 6.It is (polite)to talk with your mouth full. 7.The company (produce)over 1,000 cars last month. 8.She has made great (achieve)in her studies this term. 9.The (manage)of the hotel welcomed us warmly at the door. 10.The team (success)in winning the game after hard training 三、完成句子（每空一词） 1.除了莉莉，我们都去过北京。 We have all been to Beijing 2.他的父母对他的成绩很满意。 His parents his grades. 3.这位经理成功地管理着这家大公司。 The this big company. 4.为了保持健康，我们应该避免不健康的食物。 To keep healthy,we should avoid 5.她努力学习，最终实现了她的梦想。 She studied hard and finally 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 5 8年级下册北师大版 【寒假专版】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 Tom used to be a (happy)boy,but he became (lonely)after his family moved to a new city.He didn't know anyone at school and felt (relax)when talking to others.His teacher noticed this and had a talk with him.She(praise)him for his hard work and encouraged him to join the school basketball club.In the club,Tom met many friends.They often practiced together and he learned to (control)the ball well.His(manage)skills also improved as he often helped organize activities.With their support,Tom felt more confident.Last month,his team won the school competition,and he felt a great sense of(achieve).Now,Tom is no longer (shy)and enjoys talking to others.He knows that with effort,he can (success)in anything he tries. 参考答案 I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.unhappiness 2.relaxed 3.lonely 4.satisfaction 5.unhealthy 6.impolite 7.somewhere 8.praise 9.except 10.control Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.unhappy 2.relaxed 3.loneliness 4.satisfied 5.unhealthy 6.impolite 7.produced 8.achievements 9.manager 10.succeeded ⅡL完成句子 1.except Lily 2.are satisfied with 3.manager manages 4.unhealthy food 5.achieved her dream V.语篇填空 1.happy 2.lonely 3.relaxed 4.praised 5.control 6.management 7.achievement 8.shy 9.succeed 6