Unit 9 Optimism and Pessimism-2025-2026学年九年级下册英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲（教科版）

9年级下册教科版 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 寒假专版 【Unit 9】Optimism and Pessimism 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 pessimism/pesimizam/n.悲观：观的：乐观主义的 罕见地 悲观主义 pessimist/'pesimist/n.悲观主义quit /kwit/V. (quit/quitted, negatively'negatrvli/adv.消极者；悲观论者 quit/quitted)离开；辞职；放弃 地：否定地：负面地 pessimistic/,pesimI'stk/adj.悲military/'milatri/adj.军事的： positively/'pDzatrvli/adv.积极观的：悲观主义的 军用的：军队的n.军队；军方 地：肯定地：确实地 positive/'pDZ3tIV/adj.积极的；heroine/hera5m/n.女英雄；女 centred/sentad/adj.以…为肯定的：正面的n.正数：正片主角；女豪杰 中心的：居中的 hot attack /hot'taek/短语急性chart∫at/n.图表；海图：排 cliff /klif/n.悬崖；峭壁 发作 行榜V.绘制图表；记录 optimist/'optrmIst/n.乐观主义tend to/tend tu:/短语倾向于；往examining/ig'zemn)/v.检查： 者：乐天派 往会；照料 调查：考试(examine的现在分 optimistic/DptI'mistrk/adj.乐rrey/'reali/adv.很少；难得：词) 词义辨析及同义替换 1.optimistic/,Dptr'mIstik/adj.乐观的；乐观主义的 pessimistic/,pesimI'stk/adj.悲观的；悲观主义的 词义辨析： optimistic:指对未来或事物发展持积极、乐观的态度，相信结果会向好的方向发展，反义词是 pessimistic pessimistic:指对未来或事物发展持消极、悲观的态度，常预期不良结果。 同义替换： optimistichopeful,positive pessimistic-hopeless,negative 例句： She is always optimistic about her future,even when facing difficulties. 真题链接：（教科版九年级下册同步练习） 9年级下册教科版 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 Although the situation seems bad,Tom remainsand believes everything will get better. A.pessimistic B.optimistic C.nervous (答案：B) 2.positive/pDzatrv/adj.积极的；肯定的；正面的 negative/'negatIv/adj.消极的；否定的；负面的 词义辨析： positive:强调态度、影响等“积极的、正面的”，或表示“肯定的”（如肯定回答）。 negative:侧重“消极的、负面的”，或表示“否定的”，与positive互为反义。 同义替换： positive-active,favorable negative-passive,unfavorable 例句： We should take a positive attitude towards challenges in life 真题链接：（教科版九年级下册单元测试） Listening to-news too often may make people feel sad and worried. A.positive B.negative C.interesting(答案：B) 3.rarely/reali/adv.很少；难得：罕见地 词义辨析： rarely:频度副词，指“很少发生”，否定含义，频率低于sometimes,位置通常在实义动词前、助 动词后。 seldom:与rarely含义相近，均表示“不常”，但rarely更强调“罕见性”。 同义替换： seldom,hardly ever 例句： He rarely goes out on weekends because he prefers reading at home. 真题链接：（教科版九年级下册期末复习题） My grandparents live in the countryside andcome to the city,so we visit them every month. A.often B.rarely C.always(答案：B) 4.quit/kwit/V.离开；辞职：放弃 词义辨析： quit:侧重“主动放弃（习惯、工作等）”，后接动名词，如quit smoking;也可表示“离开某地”。 give up:短语动词，含义与quit相近，后接名词或动名词，更口语化，如give up studying。. 同义替换： give up,abandon 例句： He decided to quit his job and start his own business. 9年级下册教科版 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 真题链接：（教科版九年级下册同步练习） You shouldplaying computer games too much,or you will fall behind in your studies A.quit B.keep C.practice (答案：A) 5.tend to /tend tu:/短语倾向于；往往会：照料 词义辨析： tend to:表示“倾向于做某事”，强调习惯性或规律性，如People tend to sleep more in winter. be likely to:侧重“可能性”，表示“有可能做某事”，主语可以是人或物。 同义替换： be inclined to,be likely to 例句： Teenagers tend to spend more time on their phones than communicating with family. 真题链接：（教科版九年级下册单元测试） Sheget up early on weekdays,but sleeps late on weekends. A.tends to B.refuses to C.forgets to(答案：A) 6.cliff /klif/n.悬崖；峭壁 词义辨析： cf:指“陡峭的悬崖、峭壁”，通常指海边或山区的高耸岩壁。 hil:指“小山、丘陵”，高度较低，坡度较缓。 同义替换： rock face,precipice 例句： The path along the cliff is dangerous,so we must be careful. 真题链接：（教科版九年级下册阅读理解） The villagers built their houses at the foot of the_,where they could get water easily. A.cliff B.hill C.river (答案：B) 7.optimistic/,Dpti'mIstik/adj.乐观的 optimist/'DptimIst/n.乐观主义者；乐天派 词义辨析： optimistic:形容词，修饰人或态度，如an optimistic person。 optimist:名词，指“乐观的人”，对应词为pessimist(悲观主义者)。 同义替换： optimistic→hopeful(形容词) optimist→hopeful person(名词) 例句： As an optimist,he always looks for the bright side of things. 3 9年级下册教科版 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 真题链接：（教科版九年级下册词汇运用） An_is someone who believes good things will happen. (答案：optimist) 8. pessimist/'pesimist/n.悲观主义者；悲观论者 pessimism/'pesimiz3m/n.悲观；悲观主义 词义辨析： pessimist:名词，指“悲观的人”，强调人的身份。 pessimism: 抽象名词，指“悲观情绪或主义”，如the pessimism in his words。 同义替换： pessimist->negative person pessimism->negativity 例句： His constant complaints showed his pessimism about the project. 真题链接：（教科版九年级下册完形填空） Don't be a_;try to see the positive side of the problem. A.pessimist B.optimist C.leader(答案：A) 9.centred/sentad/adj.以…为中心的；居中的 词义辨析： centred:形容词，强调“以某事物为中心”，如a family-centred life(以家庭为中心的生活)。 central:指“中心的、核心的”，位置或重要性上的“中心”。 同义替换： focused on,centered(美式拼写) 例句： The city's development is centred around the new railway station 真题链接：（教科版九年级下册阅读理解） The story is_on a young girl who fights for her dreams. A.centred B.based C.depended(答案：A) 10.chart /tfa:t/n.图表：海图：排行榜 词义辨析： chat:指“图表（如折线图、柱状图)”，用于展示数据；也可指“排行榜”。 grapha:与chat含义相近，但更侧重“用线条或曲线表示数据的图表”。 同义替换： graph,diagram 例句： The teacher used a chart to show the changes in temperature over the month. 4 9年级下册教科版 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 真题链接：（教科版九年级下册科学单元练习） Please look at the_below and answer the questions about population growth A.chart B.map C.letter (答案：A) l1.heroine/'heraumn/n.女英雄；女主角：女豪杰 词义辨析： heroine:指“女英雄”或“小说/电影的女主角”，对应男性为hero。 hero:可指“英雄”或“男主角”，用于男性：泛指“英雄”时也可包含女性，但heroine更明确。 同义替换： female hero,leading lady 例句： Mulan is a famous Chinese heroine who joined the army instead of her father. 真题链接：（教科版九年级下册文学阅读） In the novel,the_saves her village from danger with her courage and wisdom. A.hero B.heroine C.leader(答案：B) l2.military/'miletri/adj.军事的：军用的：军队的 词义辨析： military:形容词，指“与军队、战争相关的”，如military service(兵役)：也可作名词指“军队”。 amy:名词，特指“陆军”或“军队”，范围较具体。 同义替换： martial,.armed forces(名词) 例句： He dreams of joining the military and protecting his country 真题链接：（教科版九年级下册历史单元题） The country has a strong-force to defend its borders. A.military B.medical C.educational (答案：A) 综合演练 综合练习 一、单项选择 1.Despite the heavy rain,the hikers remained and believed they wouldreach the camp before dark A.pessimistic B.optimistic C.nervous 5 9年级下册教科版 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 2.Eating too much junk food has a_effect on your health,so you should try to avoid it. A.positive B.negative C.interesting 3.My uncle lives abroad andreturns to China,so we miss him very much. A.often B.rarely C.always 4.You must_smoking immediately,or your lung disease will get worse. A.quit B.keep C.practice 5.Childrenimitate adults'behavior,so parents should set a good example. A.tend to B.refuse to C.forget to 6.The villagers built their houses on the top of the,which offered a wide view of the valley below A.cliff B.hill C.river 7.An always looks for the best in every situation,no matter how difficult it is. A.pessimist B.optimist C.leader 8.The museum has a special exhibition abouthistory,showing old weapons and uniforms. A.military B.medical C.educational 二、根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.She has a pattitude towards life and never loses hope when facing problems. 2.Listening to too much nnews can make people feel anxious and unhappy. 3.Hergoes to parties because he prefers staying at home and reading books 4.My father decided to qhis job and start a small business in his hometown. 6 9年级下册教科版 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 5.People tto eat more in winter to keep warm,according to some studies. 6.The story is caround a young princess who tries to save her kingdom from evil forces. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.As an(optimism),she always believes that things will get better. 2.We should take a(positively)approach to solving this problem instead of complaining 3.He is a(pessimistic)and often expects the worst outcome in every situation. 4.The teacher used a_(chart)to explain the relationship between temperature and plant growth 5.Mulan is a famous_(hero)in Chinese history who joined the army to protect her family. 四、完成句子（每空一词） 1.他很少在周末外出，因为他喜欢在家看书。 He__out on weekends because he prefers reading at home. 2.我们应该对生活中的挑战持积极态度。 We should take a_towards challenges in life. 3.她倾向于早起，但她的弟弟经常睡到很晚。 She--get up early,but her brother often sleeps late. 4.这位老人是一位乐观主义者，他总是看到事情好的一面。 The old man is an_and he always sees the-side of things. 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Jane is a 15-year-old student.She used to be _(pessimistic)because she thought she was not good at anything.Her grades were poor,and she-(rare)participated in class activities.One day,her teacher told her,"You have a(positive)mind,but you just need to believe in yourself." Encouraged by the teacher,Jane started to change.She_(quit)playing computer games and spent more time studying.She also joined the school's art club,where she discoveredher talent for painting. Her paintings were even displayed in the school exhibition.Now,Jane is more(optimistic)than before.She(tend to)help her classmates with their studies and participates in various activities. Her parents are proud of her progress,and her teacher says,"Jane has become a_(heroine)in her own story by never giving up." 7 9年级下册教科版 【寒假专版】D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 参考答案 I单项选择 1.B2B3B4.A5.A6B7B8.A Ⅱ.根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.positive 2.negative 3.rarely 4.quit 5.tend 6.centred I.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.optimist 2.positive 3.pessimist 4.chart 5.heroine V.完成句子 1.rarely goes 2.positive attitude 3.tends to 4.optimist;bright V.语篇填空 1.pessimistic 2rarely 3.positive 4.quit 5.optimistic 6.tends to 7heroine 8