句法 定语从句系统讲解-2025-2026学年高中英语语法重难点精讲（全国版）

高中全国版 【句法专版】 定语从句精讲 句法专版 【语法专题】定语从句系统讲解 高中全国版句法 语法精讲 语法概述：定语从句=先行词+关系词+从句，在句中修饰名词或代词，用于补充说明先行词的 特征、性质或具体信息。 重难点讲解 重难点一：关系代词的选择与用法讲解： 定语从句中关系代词(who,whom,whose,which,.that)需根据先行词的性质（指人W指物）及在从 句中所作成分（主语、宾语、定语）选择。 who/whom:先行词指人，who作主语或宾语，whom仅作宾语（可省略）。 ,which:先行词指物，可作主语或宾语（宾语可省略)。 -hat:先行词指人或物，可作主语或宾语（宾语可省略）；但在非限制性定语从句、介词后不可 用that。 -whose:先行词指人或物，作定语，后接名词。 例句： -The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister.(who指人，作主语) -This is the book which I borrowed from the library.(which指物，作宾语，可省略) -He is the student whose English is the best in our class.(whose指人，作定语) 真题再现： 1.(2024全国卷语法填空，全国版)The man_visited our school yesterday is an astronaut 答案：who/that解析：先行词the man指人，从句中缺主语，用who或that。 2.(2023江苏南京期中，全国版教辅)This is the museum we visited last month, A.where B.which C.who D.whose 答案：B 解析：先行词museum指物，从句中visited缺宾语，用which。 高中全国版 【句法专版】 定语从句精讲 重难点二：关系副词的用法及与关系代词的区别讲解： 关系副词(when,where,why)在从句中作状语，分别表示时间、地点、原因，其先行词通常为表 示时间、地点、原因的名词：而关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语或定语。 -when:先行词为时间名词（如time,day),在从句中作时间状语，可替换为”介词+which”。 where: 先行词为地点名词（如place,.city),在从句中作地点状语，可替换为”介词+which”。 -why:先行词为reason,在从句中作原因状语，可替换为”for which”。 例句： -I still remember the day when we first met..(when作时间状语，=on which) -This is the factory where my father works.(where作地点状语，=in which) -The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus.(why作原因状语，=for which) 真题再现： l.(2024浙江杭州期末，全国版)We'll never forget the days_we spent together in the countryside A.when B.where C.which D.why 答案：C解析：先行词days虽表时间，但从句中spent缺宾语，需用关系代词which/hat。 2.(2023湖北武汉月考，全国版教辅)This is the school_I studied three years ago A.which B.where C.when D.what 答案：B 解析：先行词school表地点，从句中studied缺地点状语，用where。 重难点三：非限制性定语从句的特点讲解： 非限制性定语从句与主句之间用逗号隔开，对先行词起补充说明作用，不可用tht引导，关系代 词/副词不可省略。指人用who/whom,指物用which:指代整个主句内容时用which。 例句： -ly brother,who is a doctor,works in a hospital..(补充说明哥哥的职业) -The book,which I bought yesterday,,is very interesting.(补充说明书的情况) -He passed the exam,.which made his parents very happy.(which指代主句”通过考试”这件事) 真题再现： l.(2024全国卷阅读理解七选五改编，全国版)She decided to learn English,._helped her get a better job. 2 高中全国版 【句法专版】定语从句精讲 答案：which 解析：非限制性定语从句指代主句”学英语”这件事， 用which。 2.(2023 山东烟台期中，全国版) Mr.Li， is our math teacher， will retire next year. A.that B.whom C.who D.which 答案：C 解析：非限制性定语从句指人且作主语， 用who。 重难点四：”介词+关系代词”结构讲解： 当关系代词作介词宾语时，可将介词提前至关系代词前，形成”介词+关系代词”结构。指人用 whom， 指物用which， 不可用that； 介词的选择取决于先行词搭配或从句中动词短语。 例句： This is the girl with whom I went shopping yesterday. (-who/whom I went shopping with) .The house in which he lives is very big.(=which he lives in) -I'll never forget the day on which we graduated.(=when we graduated) 真题再现： 1.(2024 北京朝阳区期末， 全国版) The man I talked just now is my uncle. A.to whom B.whom C.to who D.which 答案：A 解析：talk to为固定搭配， 介词to提前， 指人用whom， 即to whom。 2.(2023 四川成都月考， 全国版教辅) This is the factory my father has worked for 20 years. A.where B.which C.in which D.for which 答案：D 解析：work for为固定搭配， 介词for提前， 指物用which， 即for which。 重难点五：as引导的定语从句讲解： as可引导限制性定语从句(常用于the same..as， such..as结构) 和非限制性定语从句(指代整个 主句，可位于句首、句中或句末)，意为”正如，像……一样”。 例句： -This is the same book as I read last week.(限制性， the same. aS 结构) 3 高中全国版 【句法专版】 定语从句精讲 -As we all know,the earth is round.(非限制性，位于句首，指代主句内容) -He failed the exam,as often happens.(非限制性，位于句末) 真题再现： 1.(2024广东深圳期中，全国版)Such problems_often discussed in class are very important, A.that B.which C.as D.who 答案：C解析：such...as为固定结构，as引导限制性定语从句。 2.(2023 河南郑州期末，全国版)_is reported in the newspaper,.prices of food will go up next month. A.That B.As C.Which D.What 答案：B 解析：非限制性定语从句位于句首，指代主句内容，用as。 易错点综合演练 I单项选择（直击重难点) 1.The girl hair is black won the first prize in the competition. A.who B.whom C.whose D.which 2.This is the village my grandparents lived for fifty years. A.when B.where C.which D.why 3.We will never forget the days we spent together in the mountains. A.which B.when C.where D.why 4 高中全国版 【句法专版】 定语从句精讲 4.The storybook cover is red belongs to my sister. A.whom B.whose C.which D.who Ⅱ用所给词的适当形式填空（强化句型结构） 1.The man (talk)to our teacher now is our new headmaster. 2.I still remember the day (when)I first came to this school. 3.This is the reason(why)he refused to join us. 4.The house (which)we used to live in has been pulled down. Ⅲ.短文填空（综合运用定语从句） 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空，使短文完整通顺。 Tom lives in a small town 1.is far from the city.He studies in a school 2.has a long history.His favorite teacher is Mr.Li 3.teaches math.Last week,Tom visited the museum 4.he saw many ancient things.He was especially interested in a vase 5.was made in the Ming Dynasty.The guide 6.showed them around told them the stories behind each exhibit.Tom hopes he can visit such places again7.he grows up. .连词成句（聚焦句型结构） 1.the,is,man,who,talking,you,to,(? 2.we,the,visited,place,where,last,year,( 3.this,is,the,book,which,I,you,told,about,( 4.he,the,is,student,whose,won,prize,first,(. 5.as,we,know,earth,the,round,is,(. V.按要求改写句子（巩固定语从句用法） 1.This is the park.We had a picnic there last Sunday.(合并为定语从句) 2.He has a friend.His friend is good at playing the piano.(合并为定语从句) 3.The girl is my cousin.You met her at the party yesterday.(合并为定语从句) 4.This is the reason.He was late for school for this reason.(合并为定语从句) 5 高中全国版 【句法专版】 定语从句精讲 综合演练参考答案 I.单项选择：1.C2.B3.A4.B Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空：1.who is talking2.when3.why4.which 皿.短文填空： 1.which/that 2.which/that 3.who/that 4.where 5.which/that 6.who/that 7.when V.连词成句： 1.Who is the man talking to you? 2.We visited the place where we had a picnic last year. 3.This is the book which I told you about. 4.He is the student whose friend won the first prize 5.As we know.the earth is round V.按要求改写句子： 1.This is the park where we had a picnic last Sunday. 2.He has a friend who is good at playing the piano. 3.The girl whom you met at the party yesterday is my cousin. 4.This is the reason why he was late for school. 6