特殊结构与综合语法 高中阶段常见固定句型与结构-2025-2026学年高中英语语法重难点精讲（全国版）

高中全国版 【语法专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 语法专版 【语法专题】高中阶段常见固定句型与结构 专项突破 高中全国版特殊结构与综合语法 语法精讲 语法概述：高中阶段常见固定句型与结构（包括Itis/was+adj.+for/of sb to do sth、It takes sb some time to do sth、There be句型的各种时态与变体、“疑问词+不定式”结构、“so/such.that.”结果 状语结构等)=由固定的词序、搭配或功能构成的常用句式组合，在句中用于特定语境表达固定 含义或语法功能。 重难点讲解 重难点一：Itis/was+adj.+for/of sb to do sth中for与of的区别讲解： -for sb:形容词描述事物性质（如difficult,important,.necessary),表示“对某人而言做某事是… 的”，b与形容词无逻辑主谓关系。 -ofsb:形容词描述人的品质（如kind,clever,.polite),表示“某人做某事是…的”，sb与形容词 构成逻辑主谓关系（可转换为sb is adj.)。 例句： -It is important for us to learn English well..(学好英语对我们很重要，important描述事物性质) -It is kind of you to help me.(你帮助我真是太好了，kind描述人的品质，可转换为You are kind.) 真题再现： 1.(2024 全国卷I语法填空)It is necessary_(protect)the environment for future generations. 答案：to protect解析：形容词necessary描述事物性质，用for sb to do sth结构，此处it为 形式主语，真正主语是to protect.… 2.(2023江苏苏州期末)It was careless Tom to leave his keys in the car. A.for B.of C.with D.to 答案：B解析：careless描述人的品质，用of sb to do sth结构，Tom与careless构成逻辑主 高中全国版 【语法专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 谓关系(Tom was careless)。 重难点二：There be句型的时态变化与主谓一致讲解： -时态变体： -一般现在时：There is/are. .一般过去时：There was/were.. -一般将来时：There will be../There is/are going to be.. -现在完成时：There has/have been. 主谓一致：be动词的单复数由最近的名词（就近原则）决定，不可与have/has连用。 例句： -There are three books on the desk.(一般现在时，就近名词books为复数) -There will be a meeting tomorrow.（一般将来时，名词a meeting为单数) -There have been great changes in our city since2010.(现在完成时，changes为复数) 真题再现： 1.(2024浙江杭州期中)There_a football match and two concerts in the stadium next month A.is B.are C.will be D.was 答案：C解析：next month提示用一般将来时，There will be后接并列名词时，be动词形式 不受名词影响，统一用will be。 2.（2023 全国卷IⅡ单选)There_no hospitals in this area50 years ago. A.was B.were C.has been D.had 答案：B解析：50 years ago提示用一般过去时，hospitals为复数，be动词用were;There be 句型不可与had连用。 重难点三：“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语讲解： 疑问词(what,how,when,where,which)后接不定式(todo)构成名词性结构，在句中作主语、宾 语或表语，表达“如何/何时/何地做某事”。 -作宾语：常见于know,decide,leam,forget等动词后。 -注意：why后接不带to的不定式(why do.),但“疑问词+不定式”中why通常不接todo。 例句： 2 高中全国版 【语法专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 -Idon't know how to solve this problem.(how to solve作know的宾语) -She hasn't decided where to go for vacation.(where to go作decided的宾语) 真题再现： 1.（2024北京海淀期末)He asked me_to the museum, A.how to get B.how getting C.what to get D.what getting 答案：A解析：ask后接“疑问词+不定式”作宾语，“如何到达博物馆”用how to get,.故 选A。 2.(2023湖北武汉月考)Could you please tell me_the nearest post office is?? A.what to find B.how to get to C.where to find D.when to reach 答案：C解析：根据句意“哪里能找到最近的邮局”，用where to find作tel的宾语，故选 C。 重难点四：so/such.that.的用法区别讲解： -so+adj/ad.+hat:so修饰形容词或副词，表示“如此…以至于…”。 -such+(a/an)+adj.+n.+that:such修饰名词（短语），名词前可带形容词，可数名词单数需 加a/an。 例句： -He ran so fast that no one could catch him.(so修饰副词fast) -It was such a beautiful day that we went to the park.(such修饰名词短语a beautiful day) 真题再现： 1.(2024 山东潍坊期中)The movie was_interesting that I watched it twice. A.so B.such C.very D.too 答案：A解析：形容词interesting前用so,构成so adj.that.结构，故选A。 2.(2023 全国新高考I卷)They are_hard-working students that they always get good grades A.so B.such 3 高中全国版 【语法专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 C.soa D.such an 答案：B 解析：名词短语hard-working students前用such,students为复数，不加a/an,故 选B。 重难点五：It takes sb some time to do sth的句式转换与被动语态讲解： -基本结构：It takes(sb)+时间+to do sth(it为形式主语，真正主语是to do sth)。 同义转换：Sb spends some time(in)doing sth。 被动语态：Some time is taken (by sb)to do sth。 例句： -It takes me an hour to finish homework every day.(主动语态) -I spend an hour(in)finishing homework every day.(同义转换) -An hour is taken to finish homework every day..(被动语态) 真题再现： 1.(2024 四川成都期末)It usually_him two hours to drive from here to Shanghai,. A.spends B.takes C.costs D.pays 答案：B 解析：It takes sb time to do sth为固定句型，spend主语需为人，cost指“花费金钱”， 故选B。 2.(2023广东广州月考)He spent three days reading the novel..(改为同义句) It him three days read the novel. 答案：took;to解析：Sb spends time doing sth可转换为It takes sb time to do sth,原句为过 去时，take用过去式took。 易错点综合演练 L单项选择（直击重难点） 1.It is for us to follow traffic rules on the road. A.important of B.important for C.kind of D.kind for 2.She asked me to improve my spoken English. 高中全国版 【语法专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 A.how I can B.what to do C.why to practice D.when practicing 3.The story was moving that many students cried. A.So B.such C.very D.too 4.It usually him half an hour to walk to school every day. A.spends B.takes C.costs D.pays Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空（强化句型结构） 1.It is careless of you(leave)the door open last night. 2.There(be)great changes in our hometown since 2015 3.Do you know how(operate)the new machine? 4.My mother often tells me it (take)time to learn a foreign language well 皿.句型转换（巩固结构转换） 1.Tom was kind to help the old man cross the street.（改为同义句) It was Tom help the old man cross the street 2.They spent three hours planting trees yesterday..(改为同义句) It them three hours trees yesterday. 3.There is a football match on the playground now.(用tomorrow改写句子) There a football match on the playground tomorrow. 4.He is so young that he can't join the army.(改为简单句) He is young join the army. V.语法填空（综合运用） 1.It is necessary for us(protect)wild animals.They are our friends. 2.Could you tell me where(find)the nearest bookstore? 5 高中全国版 【语法专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 3.There(be)a talk show on TV at 8:00 tonight.Let's watch it together. 4.She is such a (care)girl that she never makes mistakes in her homework. 参考答案 I.单项选择：1B2B3.A4.B Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空： 1.to leave 2.have been 3.to operate 4.takes Ⅲ.句型转换： 1.kind of,to 2.took;to plant 3.will be 4.too;to V.语法填空： 1.to protect 2.to find 3.will be 4.careful 6